2
1 Fig. 1.1 is a transmission electron micrograph of a cell from the stem of sago pondweed, Stuckenia
pectinata.
A
cell wall
air space B
C
G
D
F E
magnification ×2500
Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) State the evidence from Fig. 1.1 that shows that the cell is from the stem of S. pectinata
and not from the mesophyll of a leaf.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Complete each row in Table 1.1 to identify a cell structure shown in Fig. 1.1 that carries
out the function listed.
Table 1.1
function name of cell structure letter on Fig. 1.1
gas exchange
production of subunits
of ribosomes
active transport of ions
aerobic respiration
[4]
© UCLES 2023 9700/21/M/J/23
3
(b) Plant vacuoles develop when vesicles fuse together. The vacuoles increase in size as more
vesicles fuse.
Fig. 1.2 shows the movement of vesicles within a plant cell during the development of a
vacuole.
cell surface
membrane
multi-vesicular
rough body
endoplasmic
reticulum
Key
protein folded
correctly
protein not
folded correctly
vacuole
Golgi body
Fig. 1.2
(i) Name the process that is occurring at X.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Some of the vesicles formed by the Golgi body pass to the vacuole. These vesicles
contain proteins that have been folded correctly and some that have not folded into their
correct shapes. The proteins that have not folded correctly pass to the vacuole where
they are broken down.
Explain how proteins that have not folded correctly are broken down in the vacuole.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
© UCLES 2023 9700/21/M/J/23 [Turn over
4
(c) Small vacuoles in S. pectinata may have roles similar to lysosomes in animal cells.
Describe the role of lysosomes in animal cells in defence against pathogens.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2023 9700/21/M/J/23
2
1 (a) Table 1.1 lists cell structures that can be found in eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells. Some
of these cell structures can be found in both types of cell.
Complete the table using a tick (3) to show that the cell structure can be present in a particular
type of cell and a cross (✗) to show that the cell structure cannot be present.
Put a tick or a cross in every box.
The top row has been completed for you.
Table 1.1
cell structure eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cells
nucleus 3 ✗
Golgi body
circular DNA
70S ribosome
[2]
© UCLES 2023 9700/22/F/M/23
2
1 Which combination of lenses for a light microscope will give the greatest magnification?
eyepiece lens objective lens
A 5 100
B 10 40
C 15 40
D 15 100
2 The diagram shows an electron micrograph of virus particles in a human nucleus.
virus particle
×24 000
What is the diameter of the labelled virus particle?
A 1.5 100 m
B 1.5 10–2 m
C 1.5 100 nm
D 1.5 102 nm
3 What is correct about the synthesis and release of the glycoprotein mucin in goblet cells?
1 The protein is produced on ribosomes and a carbohydrate chain is added in the
Golgi body.
2 The glycoproteins are packed into vesicles in the Golgi body forming lysosomes.
3 Secretory vesicles containing the glycoprotein move from the Golgi body and fuse
with the cell surface membrane.
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 only C 1 only D 2 and 3 only
© UCLES 2023 9700/12/O/N/23
2
1 Fig. 1.1 is a transmission electron micrograph of a cell from the stem of sago pondweed, Stuckenia
pectinata.
A
cell wall
air space B
C
G
D
F E
magnification ×2500
Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) State the evidence from Fig. 1.1 that shows that the cell is from the stem of S. pectinata
and not from the mesophyll of a leaf.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Complete each row in Table 1.1 to identify a cell structure shown in Fig. 1.1 that carries
out the function listed.
Table 1.1
function name of cell structure letter on Fig. 1.1
gas exchange
production of subunits
of ribosomes
active transport of ions
aerobic respiration
[4]
© UCLES 2023 9700/21/M/J/23
3
(b) Plant vacuoles develop when vesicles fuse together. The vacuoles increase in size as more
vesicles fuse.
Fig. 1.2 shows the movement of vesicles within a plant cell during the development of a
vacuole.
cell surface
membrane
multi-vesicular
rough body
endoplasmic
reticulum
Key
protein folded
correctly
protein not
folded correctly
vacuole
Golgi body
Fig. 1.2
(i) Name the process that is occurring at X.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Some of the vesicles formed by the Golgi body pass to the vacuole. These vesicles
contain proteins that have been folded correctly and some that have not folded into their
correct shapes. The proteins that have not folded correctly pass to the vacuole where
they are broken down.
Explain how proteins that have not folded correctly are broken down in the vacuole.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
© UCLES 2023 9700/21/M/J/23 [Turn over
4
(c) Small vacuoles in S. pectinata may have roles similar to lysosomes in animal cells.
Describe the role of lysosomes in animal cells in defence against pathogens.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 11]
© UCLES 2023 9700/21/M/J/23
2
1 (a) Table 1.1 lists cell structures that can be found in eukaryotic cells or prokaryotic cells. Some
of these cell structures can be found in both types of cell.
Complete the table using a tick (3) to show that the cell structure can be present in a particular
type of cell and a cross (✗) to show that the cell structure cannot be present.
Put a tick or a cross in every box.
The top row has been completed for you.
Table 1.1
cell structure eukaryotic cells prokaryotic cells
nucleus 3 ✗
Golgi body
circular DNA
70S ribosome
[2]
© UCLES 2023 9700/22/F/M/23
2
1 Which combination of lenses for a light microscope will give the greatest magnification?
eyepiece lens objective lens
A 5 100
B 10 40
C 15 40
D 15 100
2 The diagram shows an electron micrograph of virus particles in a human nucleus.
virus particle
×24 000
What is the diameter of the labelled virus particle?
A 1.5 100 m
B 1.5 10–2 m
C 1.5 100 nm
D 1.5 102 nm
3 What is correct about the synthesis and release of the glycoprotein mucin in goblet cells?
1 The protein is produced on ribosomes and a carbohydrate chain is added in the
Golgi body.
2 The glycoproteins are packed into vesicles in the Golgi body forming lysosomes.
3 Secretory vesicles containing the glycoprotein move from the Golgi body and fuse
with the cell surface membrane.
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 3 only C 1 only D 2 and 3 only
© UCLES 2023 9700/12/O/N/23
