import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d import Poly3DCollection
import time
# ===============================
# FUNCIONES DE TRANSFORMACIÓN
# ===============================
def traslacion(vertices, tx, ty, tz):
T = np.array([
[1, 0, 0, tx],
[0, 1, 0, ty],
[0, 0, 1, tz],
[0, 0, 0, 1]
])
return aplicar_transformacion(vertices, T)
def escalamiento(vertices, sx, sy, sz):
S = np.array([
[sx, 0, 0, 0],
[0, sy, 0, 0],
[0, 0, sz, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 1]
])
return aplicar_transformacion(vertices, S)
def rotacion_z(vertices, angulo):
rad = np.radians(angulo)
R = np.array([
[np.cos(rad), -np.sin(rad), 0, 0],
[np.sin(rad), np.cos(rad), 0, 0],
[0, 0, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 1]
])
return aplicar_transformacion(vertices, R)
def sesgado(vertices, shx, shy):
Sh = np.array([
[1, shx, 0, 0],
[shy, 1, 0, 0],
[0, 0, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 0, 1]
])
return aplicar_transformacion(vertices, Sh)
def aplicar_transformacion(vertices, M):
homog = np.c_[vertices, np.ones(len(vertices))]
transformados = homog.dot(M.T)
return transformados[:, :3]
# ===============================
# FUNCIONES DEL CUBO
# ===============================
def cubo_vertices():
r = [-1, 1]
return np.array([[x, y, z] for x in r for y in r for z in r])
def cubo_caras(vertices):
return [
[vertices[j] for j in [0, 1, 3, 2]],
[vertices[j] for j in [4, 5, 7, 6]],
[vertices[j] for j in [0, 1, 5, 4]],
[vertices[j] for j in [2, 3, 7, 6]],
[vertices[j] for j in [0, 2, 6, 4]],
[vertices[j] for j in [1, 3, 7, 5]]
]
def dibujar_cubo(ax, vertices, titulo):
ax.cla()
caras = cubo_caras(vertices)
ax.add_collection3d(Poly3DCollection(caras, facecolors='cyan',
linewidths=1, edgecolors='k',
alpha=0.6))
ax.set_title(titulo)
ax.set_xlabel("X")
ax.set_ylabel("Y")
ax.set_zlabel("Z")
ax.set_xlim([-4, 4])
ax.set_ylim([-4, 4])
ax.set_zlim([-4, 4])
# ==============================================================
# ANIMACIÓN
# ==============================================================
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
vertices = cubo_vertices()
# 1. Traslación
print("Animación: Traslación")
for t in np.linspace(0, 2, 30):
v = traslacion(vertices, t, t, 0)
dibujar_cubo(ax, v, f"Traslación Tx=Ty={t:.2f}")
plt.pause(0.05)
# 2. Escalamiento
print("Animación: Escalamiento")
for s in np.linspace(1, 2, 30):
v = escalamiento(vertices, s, 0.5*s, 1)
dibujar_cubo(ax, v, f"Escalamiento Sx={s:.2f}, Sy={0.5*s:.2f}")
plt.pause(0.05)
# 3. Rotación
print("Animación: Rotación")
for ang in range(0, 181, 5):
v = rotacion_z(vertices, ang)
dibujar_cubo(ax, v, f"Rotación Z={ang}°")
plt.pause(0.05)
# 4. Sesgado
print("Animación: Sesgado")
for sh in np.linspace(0, 1, 30):
v = sesgado(vertices, sh, sh/2)
dibujar_cubo(ax, v, f"Sesgado Shx={sh:.2f}, Shy={sh/2:.2f}")
plt.pause(0.05)
plt.show()
