Scribd
Upload
61 views2 pages

FYBSc Environmental Studies 8 Marks Answers

The document provides important exam-oriented notes on environmental management and sustainable development, covering ecosystems, conservation methods, threats to biodiversity, natural resources, energy types, population impacts, environmental movements in India, and global environmental issues. Key concepts include the structure and functions of ecosystems, in-situ and ex-situ conservation, and the environmental impact of overexploitation. It emphasizes the need for sustainable practices to address challenges like climate change and resource depletion.

Uploaded by

drug200602
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
61 views2 pages

FYBSc Environmental Studies 8 Marks Answers

The document provides important exam-oriented notes on environmental management and sustainable development, covering ecosystems, conservation methods, threats to biodiversity, natural resources, energy types, population impacts, environmental movements in India, and global environmental issues. Key concepts include the structure and functions of ecosystems, in-situ and ex-situ conservation, and the environmental impact of overexploitation. It emphasizes the need for sustainable practices to address challenges like climate change and resource depletion.

Uploaded by

drug200602
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

FYBSc Computer Science – Environmental Management and

Sustainable Development
Important 8-Mark Answers (Exam-Oriented Notes)
Unit I: Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Conservation
1. Structure and Functions of an Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a functional unit of nature where living organisms interact with each other and
with the physical environment. It involves the flow of energy and cycling of nutrients.
Structure: Abiotic components include sunlight, water, air, and soil. Biotic components include
producers (plants), consumers (animals), and decomposers (fungi, bacteria).
Functions: Energy flow, nutrient cycling, ecological succession, and balance of nature.
Example: Pond ecosystem where algae, fish, and bacteria interact naturally.

2. In-situ and Ex-situ Conservation


In-situ: Conservation within natural habitats (e.g., national parks). Ex-situ: Outside natural
habitats (e.g., zoos, botanical gardens). In-situ protects ecosystems as a whole, while ex-situ
ensures survival of endangered species.

3. Major Threats to Biodiversity


Habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, invasive species, and climate change are key threats.
These lead to species extinction and ecological imbalance.

Unit II: Natural Resources and Sustainable Development


4. Definition and Classification of Natural Resources
Natural resources are naturally occurring materials essential for life. Classified as biotic/abiotic,
renewable/non-renewable, and potential/actual resources.

5. Environmental Impact of Overexploitation of Water


Overuse causes groundwater depletion, reduced river flow, water pollution, land subsidence,
and conflicts. Sustainable water management is vital.

6. Conventional vs Renewable Energy


Conventional: Fossil fuels, polluting, non-renewable. Renewable: Solar, wind, hydro, clean and
sustainable. Transition to renewables ensures long-term energy security.

Unit III: Human Communities and the Environment


7. Population Growth Impact
Population explosion leads to deforestation, pollution, and health issues like malnutrition and
disease. Education and sustainable practices can control its impact.

8. Environmental Movements in India


Chipko Movement: Forest protection by hugging trees (Uttarakhand, 1973). Silent Valley
Movement: Protest against dam project (Kerala, 1978). Both showed strong community
participation in conservation.
Unit IV: Environmental Issues – Local, Regional and Global
9. Acid Rain and Smog
Acid rain is caused by SO2 and NOx emissions forming acids in rainwater. Effects: soil
acidification, corrosion of monuments. Smog is formed by pollutants reacting with sunlight; it
causes respiratory issues and visibility problems.

10. Climate Change and Global Implications


Causes: Greenhouse gas emissions and deforestation. Effects: global warming, melting
glaciers, extreme weather, and biodiversity loss. Global efforts like the Paris Agreement aim to
reduce emissions.

— End of Notes —

You might also like