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Hyperbolic Functions Assignment

Hyperbolic functions, analogous to trigonometric functions, are defined using exponentials and are essential in various fields including calculus and physics. Key functions include sinh, cosh, and tanh, along with their derivatives and integrals, which are crucial for solving mathematical problems. Applications range from the catenary curve to special relativity, highlighting their importance in real-world scenarios.

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107 views1 page

Hyperbolic Functions Assignment

Hyperbolic functions, analogous to trigonometric functions, are defined using exponentials and are essential in various fields including calculus and physics. Key functions include sinh, cosh, and tanh, along with their derivatives and integrals, which are crucial for solving mathematical problems. Applications range from the catenary curve to special relativity, highlighting their importance in real-world scenarios.

Uploaded by

jogeshnayak381
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Assignment on Hyperbolic Functions

Introduction
Hyperbolic functions are mathematical functions analogous to trigonometric functions but based on the
hyperbola instead of the circle. They are defined using exponentials and play a central role in calculus,
physics, engineering, and geometry.

Definitions
The three basic hyperbolic functions are: sinh(x) = (e^x - e^(-x))/2, cosh(x) = (e^x + e^(-x))/2, tanh(x) =
sinh(x)/cosh(x). Other related functions: coth(x) = cosh(x)/sinh(x), sech(x) = 1/cosh(x), csch(x) =
1/sinh(x). Inverse hyperbolic functions: arsinh(x) = ln(x+√(x²+1)), arcosh(x) = ln(x+√(x²-1)), artanh(x) =
(1/2)ln((1+x)/(1-x))).

Key Identities
• Fundamental identity: cosh²x - sinh²x = 1 • Addition formulas: sinh(x+y) = sinhx coshy + coshx sinhy,
cosh(x+y) = coshx coshy + sinhx sinhy • Double angle: sinh(2x)=2sinhx coshx, cosh(2x)=2cosh²x-1,
tanh(2x)=2tanhx/(1+tanh²x).

Graphs
• sinh(x): Odd, passes through origin, grows rapidly like e^x/2. • cosh(x): Even, minimum at (0,1),
resembles a parabola but exponential. • tanh(x): Odd, bounded between –1 and 1, asymptotes at y=±1.

Calculus of Hyperbolic Functions


Differentiation: d/dx sinhx = coshx, d/dx coshx = sinhx, d/dx tanhx = sech²x. Integration: ∫sinh(ax)dx =
(1/a)cosh(ax)+C, ∫cosh(ax)dx = (1/a)sinh(ax)+C, ∫tanh(ax)dx = (1/a)ln(cosh(ax))+C. Also: ∫ dx/√(x²+a²) =
arsinh(x/a)+C.

Solved Examples
1. Differentiate y=sinh(2x)+3cosh(x): y'=2cosh(2x)+3sinh(x). 2. ∫cosh(3x)dx = (1/3)sinh(3x)+C. 3. Solve
sinh(x)=2 ⇒ x=ln(2+√5). 4. ∫dx/√(x²+4) = arsinh(x/2)+C.

Applications
1. Catenary Curve: y=a cosh(x/a), shape of hanging chain or cable. 2. Special Relativity: Lorentz
transformations involve sinh and cosh. 3. Differential Equations: Solutions of y''=y involve sinh and
cosh. 4. Geometry: Hyperbolic geometry uses inverse hyperbolic functions.

Exercises
1. Differentiate y=5sinh(3x)-2cosh(x). 2. Evaluate ∫tanh(2x)dx. 3. Solve cosh(x)=3. 4. Prove cosh²x -
sinh²x = 1. 5. Evaluate ∫ dx/(x²+1) using substitution x=sinh(t). Answers: 1. 15cosh(3x)-2sinh(x). 2.
(1/2)ln(cosh(2x))+C. 3. x=ln(3+√8). 4. Verified using exponentials. 5. arctan(x)+C.

Conclusion
Hyperbolic functions are powerful tools in mathematics and physics. Defined via exponentials, they
mimic trigonometric functions but relate to the hyperbola. Their elegant identities, simple derivatives,
and integrals make them invaluable in solving equations. Real-world phenomena like the catenary,
relativity, and engineering designs depend on them.

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