Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing is a technology that allows you to store and access data and applications over
the internet instead of using your computer’s hard drive or a local server.

In cloud computing, you can store different types of data such as files, images, videos, and
documents on remote servers, and access them anytime from any device connected to the
internet.

Infrastructure: Cloud computing depends on remote network servers hosted on the Internet to
store, manage, and process data.
On-Demand Access: Users can access cloud services and resources on demand, scaling up or
down without having to invest in physical hardware.
Types of Services: Cloud computing offers various benefits such as cost saving, scalability,
reliability, and accessibility. It reduces capital expenditures, and improves efficiency.
Architecture Of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing architecture refers to the components and sub-components required for cloud
computing. These components typically refer to:

Front end ( Fat client, Thin client)

Back-end platforms ( Servers, Storage )
Cloud-based delivery and a network ( Internet, Intranet, Intercloud )
1. Front End ( User Interaction Enhancement )
The User Interface of Cloud Computing consists of 2 sections of clients. The Thin clients are the
ones that use web browsers facilitating portable and lightweight accessibilities and others are
known as Fat Clients that use many functionalities for offering a strong user experience.

2. Back-end Platforms ( Cloud Computing Engine )

The core of cloud computing is made at back-end platforms with several servers for storage and
processing computing. Management of Applications logic is managed through servers and
effective data handling is provided by storage. The combination of these platforms at the
backend offers the processing power, and capacity to manage and store data behind the cloud.

3. Cloud-Based Delivery and Network

On-demand access to the computer and resources is provided over the Internet, Intranet, and
Intercloud. The Internet comes with global accessibility, the Intranet helps in internal
communications of the services within the organization and the Intercloud enables
interoperability across various cloud services. This dynamic network connectivity ensures an
essential component of cloud computing architecture on guaranteeing easy access and data
transfer.

Types of Cloud Computing Services

The following are the types of Cloud Computing:

[Link] as a Service (IaaS)

[Link] as a Service (PaaS)
[Link] as a Service (SaaS)
[Link] as as Service (FaaS)
1. Infrastructure as a Service ( IaaS )
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a type of cloud computing that gives people access to IT
tools like virtual computers, storage, and networks through the internet. You don’t need to buy or
manage physical hardware. Instead, you pay only for what you use.

Here are some key benefits of using IaaS:

Flexibility and Control: IaaS comes up with providing virtualized computing resources such as
VMs, Storage, and networks facilitating users with control over the Operating system and
applications.
Reducing Expenses of Hardware: IaaS provides business cost savings with the elimination of
physical infrastructure investments making it cost-effective.
Scalability of Resources: The cloud provides in scaling of hardware resources up or down as
per demand facilitating optimal performance with cost efficiency.

2. Platform as a Service ( PaaS )

Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a cloud computing model where a third-party provider offers the
software and hardware tools needed to develop, test, and run applications. This allows users to
focus on building their applications without worrying about managing servers or infrastructure.
For example, AWS Elastic Beanstalk is a PaaS offered by Amazon Web Services that helps
developers quickly deploy and manage applications while AWS takes care of the needed
resources like servers, load balancing, and scaling.

Here are some key benefits of using PaaS:

Simplifying the Development: Platform as a Service offers application development by keeping

the underlying Infrastructure as an Abstraction. It helps the developers to completely focus on
application logic ( Code ) and background operations are completely managed by the AWS
platform.
Enhancing Efficiency and Productivity: PaaS lowers the Management of Infrastructure
complexity, speeding up the Execution time and bringing the updates quickly to market by
streamlining the development process.
Automation of Scaling: Management of resource scaling, guaranteeing the program's workload
efficiency is ensured by PaaS.

3. Software as a Service (SaaS)

Software as a Service (SaaS) is a way of using software over the internet instead of installing it
on your computer. The software is hosted by a company, and you can use it just by logging in
through a web browser. You don’t need to worry about updates, maintenance, or storage the
provider takes care of all that.

A common example is Google Docs. You can write and share documents online without
downloading any software.

Here are some key benefits of using SaaS:

Collaboration And Accessibility: Software as a Service (SaaS) helps users to easily access
applications without having the requirement of local installations. It is fully managed by the AWS
Software working as a service over the internet encouraging effortless cooperation and ease of
access.
Automation of Updates: SaaS providers manage the handling of software maintenance with
automatic latest updates ensuring users gain experience with the latest features and security
patches.
Cost Efficiency: SaaS acts as a cost-effective solution by reducing the overhead of IT support by
eliminating the need for individual software licenses.

4. Function as a Service (FaaS)

Function as a service (FaaS) is a cloud-computing service that allows customers to run code in
response to events, without managing the complex infrastructure. You just write the code,
upload it and the cloud provider runs it only when it's needed. You pay only for the time your
code runs.

For example, with AWS Lambda, you can write a function that resizes images whenever
someone uploads a photo to your website. You don’t need to keep a server running all the time
AWS runs your function only when a photo is uploaded.

Here are some key benefits of using SaaS:

Event-Driven Execution: FaaS helps in the maintenance of servers and infrastructure making
users worry about it. FaaS facilitates the developers to run code as a response to the events.
Cost Efficiency: FaaS facilitates cost efficiency by coming up with the principle "Pay as per you
Run" for the computing resources used.
Scalability and Agility: Serverless Architectures scale effortlessly in handing the workloads
promoting agility in development and deployment.
Cloud Deployment Models
The following are the Cloud Deployment Models:

1. Private Cloud
It provides an enhancement in protection and customization by cloud resource utilization as per
particular specified requirements. It is perfect for companies which looking for security and
compliance needs.

2. Public Cloud
It comes with offering a pay-as-you-go principle for scalability and accessibility of cloud
resources for numerous users. it ensures cost-effectiveness by providing enterprise-needed
services.

3. Hybrid Cloud
It comes up with a combination of elements of both private and public clouds providing
seamless data and application processing in between environments. It offers flexibility in
optimizing resources such as sensitive data in private clouds and important scalable
applications in the public cloud.

Top Leading Cloud Computing Companies

The following tables show the top leading cloud computing companies along with key details
about their cloud services:

Company
Cloud Service Name

Key Offerings

1. Amazon

AWS (Amazon Web Services)

Compute, Storage, AI/ML, Databases, Networking

2. Microsoft

Azure

Cloud computing, AI, Analytics, Hybrid Cloud

3. Google

Google Cloud Platform (GCP)

AI/ML, Big Data, Kubernetes, Cloud Storage

4. Alibaba

Alibaba Cloud

IaaS, AI, Big Data, Cloud Security, CDN

5. Oracle

Oracle Cloud

Enterprise Cloud, Databases, SaaS, PaaS

6. IBM

IBM Cloud

AI, Quantum Computing, Hybrid Cloud, Security

7. Salesforce

Salesforce Cloud

CRM, SaaS, AI, Analytics

8. Tencent

Tencent Cloud

AI, Gaming Cloud, IoT, Big Data

Cloud Security
Cloud security recommended to measures and practices designed to protect data, applications,
and infrastructure in cloud computing environments. The following are some of the best
practices of cloud security:

1. Data Encryption
Encryption is essential for securing data stored in the cloud. It ensures that data remains
unreadable to unauthorized users even if it is intercepted.

2. Access Control
Implementing strict access controls and authentication mechanisms helps ensure that only
authorized users can access sensitive data and resources in the cloud.
3. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
MFA adds an extra layer of security by requiring users to provide multiple forms of verification,
such as passwords, biometrics, or security tokens, before gaining access to cloud services.

Use Cases Of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing provides many use cases across industries and various applications:

1. Scalable Infrastructure
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) enables organizations to scale computing resources based on
demand without investing in physical hardware.

2. Efficient Application Development

Platform as a Service (PaaS) simplifies application development, offering tools and
environments for building, deploying, and managing applications.

3. Streamlined Software Access

Software as a Service (SaaS) provides subscription-based access to software applications over
the internet, reducing the need for local installation and maintenance.

4. Data Analytics
Cloud-based platforms facilitate big data analytics, allowing organizations to process and derive
insights from large datasets efficiently.

5. Disaster Recovery
Cloud-based disaster recovery solutions offer cost-effective data replication and backup,
ensuring quick recovery in case of system failures or disasters.

Cloud Computing Architecture

Cloud Computing, is one of the most demanding technologies of the current time and is giving a
new shape to every organization by providing on-demand virtualized services/resources.
Starting from small to medium and medium to large, every organization uses cloud computing
services for storing information and accessing it from anywhere and at any time only with the
help of the internet.
In this article, we will learn more about the internal architecture of cloud computing.

Table of Content

[Link] is Cloud Computing?

[Link] Computing Architecture
[Link] of Cloud Computing Architecture
[Link] of Cloud Computing Architecture

[Link] is Cloud Computing?

Cloud Computing refers to the delivery of computing services such as servers, storage,
databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence over the internet with pay-as-you-go
pricing. It's also called Internet-based computing, where users get resources and services
through the internet. This offers benefits like faster innovation, flexible resources, and cost
savings. The data that is stored can be files, images, documents, or any other storable
document. Rather then buying, owning, and maintaining physical data centers and servers,
Users can access technology services, such as computing power, storage, and databases, on
an as-needed basis from a cloud provider like AWS, GCP etc.

[Link] Computing Architecture

Architecture of cloud computing is the combination of both SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)
and EDA (Event Driven Architecture). Client infrastructure, application, service, runtime cloud,
storage, infrastructure, management and security all these are the components of cloud
computing architecture.

The cloud architecture is divided into 2 parts, i.e.

[Link]
[Link]
The below figure represents an internal architectural view of cloud computing.
Architecture of Cloud Computing

1. Frontend
Frontend of the cloud architecture refers to the client side of cloud computing system. Means it
contains all the user interfaces and applications which are used by the client to access the cloud
computing services/resources. For example, use of a web browser to access the cloud platform.

2. Backend
Backend refers to the cloud itself which is used by the service provider. It contains the resources
as well as manages the resources and provides security mechanisms. Along with this, it
includes huge storage, virtual applications, virtual machines, traffic control mechanisms,
deployment models, etc.
[Link] of Cloud Computing Architecture
Following are the components of Cloud Computing Architecture

Client Infrastructure:
Client Infrastructure is a part of the frontend component. It contains the applications and user
interfaces which are required to access the cloud platform. In other words, it provides a GUI(
Graphical User Interface ) to interact with the cloud.
Application :
Application is a part of backend component that refers to a software or platform to which client
accesses. Means it provides the service in backend as per the client requirement.
Service:
Service in backend refers to the major three types of cloud based services like SaaS, PaaS and
IaaS. Also manages which type of service the user accesses.
Runtime Cloud: Runtime cloud in backend provides the execution and Runtime
platform/environment to the Virtual machine.
Storage:
Storage in backend provides flexible and scalable storage service and management of stored
data.
Infrastructure:
Cloud Infrastructure in backend refers to the hardware and software components of cloud like it
includes servers, storage, network devices, virtualization software etc.
Management:
Management in backend refers to management of backend components like application,
service, runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure, and other security mechanisms etc.
Security:
Security in backend refers to implementation of different security mechanisms in the backend for
secure cloud resources, systems, files, and infrastructure to end-users.
Internet:
Internet connection acts as the medium or a bridge between frontend and backend and
establishes the interaction and communication between frontend and backend.
Database:
Database in backend refers to provide database for storing structured data, such as SQL and
NOSQL databases. Example of Databases services include Amazon RDS, Microsoft Azure SQL
database and Google CLoud SQL.
Networking:
Networking in backend services that provide networking infrastructure for application in the
cloud, such as load balancing, DNS and virtual private networks.
Analytics:
Analytics in backend service that provides analytics capabilities for data in the cloud, such as
warehousing, business intelligence and machine learning.
Cloud Computing Architecture Example
The following applications uses cloud computing architecture :
1. Online Learning App (GeeksforGeeks Classroom)
Students are using GeeksforGeeks application for watching tutorials for learning purpose, they
solve different coding problems and take quizzes also for testing their skills. They can use this
anywhere by using their mobile phones, tablets or personal laptop. For storing videos and study
materials Geeksforgeeks are using cloud services like Amazon S3. It also uses AWS Lambda to
run small backend tasks like checking quiz answers or updating progress. For managing users
and logins securely, services like AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) are used. All of
this helps the application work smoothly, keeps your data safe, and makes sure your learning
experience is always available and fast.

2. Online Store (E-Commerce Website)

Everyone is using online websites like Amazon or Flipkart for online shopping. It uses cloud
computing to run its website and manage orders. When you browse and buy products, you’re
using the front end. In the background, cloud services keep track of what’s in your cart, handle
payments, and update stock. Developers use platforms like AWS Elastic Beanstalk to run the
website easily. The product photos are saved in cloud storage like Amazon S3, and customer
details are stored in databases. Cloud tools also watch over the site to keep it secure and
running fast.

3. Mobile App Backend (Food Delivery App)

Think of a food delivery app like Zomato or Swiggy. You use the app to order food, and
everything works smoothly just because of cloud computing. The app you see on your phone is
the front layer. When you order something, cloud services handle the process in the background
like telling the restaurant, tracking your order, and handling payments. Platforms like Firebase
help with storing user info and sending notifications. The servers that run the app live in cloud
data centers like Google Cloud or AWS, and all your data is kept safe using secure login
systems.

Benefits of Cloud Computing Architecture

The following are the benefits of cloud computing architecture:

Makes overall cloud computing system simpler.

Improves data processing requirements.
Helps in providing high security.
Makes it more modularized.
Results in better disaster recovery.
Gives good user accessibility.
Reduces IT operating costs.
Provides high level reliability.
Scalability.

Conclusion
Cloud Computing architecture provides a structural framework for designing, implementing and
managing cloud-based solutions. Cloud Computing Architecture provides benefits like
scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. It also solve related to security, reliability, and
performance.

Characteristics of Cloud Computing

There are many characteristics of Cloud Computing here are few of them :
On-demand self-services:

The Cloud computing services does not require any human

administrators, user themselves are able to provision, monitor and
manage computing resources as needed.

Broad network access: The Computing services are generally

provided over standard networks and heterogeneous devices.

Rapid elasticity: The Computing services should have IT

resources that are able to scale out and in quickly and on a need
basis. Whenever the user require services it is provided to him
and it is scale out as soon as its requirement gets over.

Resource pooling: The IT resource (e.g., networks, servers,

storage, applications, and services) present are shared across
multiple applications and occupant in an uncommitted manner.
Multiple clients are provided service from a same physical
resource.

Measured service: The resource utilization is tracked for each

application and occupant, it will provide both the user and the
resource provider with an account of what has been used. This is
done for various reasons like monitoring billing and effective use
of resource.

Multi-tenancy: Cloud computing providers can support multiple

tenants (users or organizations) on a single set of shared
resources.
Virtualization: Cloud computing providers use virtualization
technology to abstract underlying hardware resources and
present them as logical resources to users.

Resilient computing: Cloud computing services are typically

designed with redundancy and fault tolerance in mind, which
ensures high availability and reliability.

Flexible pricing models: Cloud providers offer a variety of

pricing models, including pay-per-use, subscription-based, and
spot pricing, allowing users to choose the option that best suits
their needs.

Security: Cloud providers invest heavily in security measures to

protect their users' data and ensure the privacy of sensitive
information.

Automation: Cloud computing services are often highly

automated, allowing users to deploy and manage resources with
minimal manual intervention.

Sustainability: Cloud providers are increasingly focused on

sustainable practices, such as energy-efficient data centers and
the use of renewable energy sources, to reduce their
environmental impact.
Fig - characteristics of cloud computing

Evolution of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing allows users to access a wide range of services stored in the cloud or on the
Internet. Cloud Computing services include computer resources, data storage, apps, servers,
development tools, and networking protocols. They are most commonly used by IT companies
and for business purposes.

Evolution of Cloud Computing

The phrase "Cloud Computing" was first introduced in the 1950s to describe internet-related
services, and it evolved from distributed computing to the modern technology known as cloud
computing. Cloud services include those provided by Amazon, Google, and Microsoft. Cloud
computing allows users to access a wide range of services stored in the cloud or on the
Internet. Cloud computing services include computer resources, data storage, apps, servers,
development tools, and networking protocols.
1. Mainframe Computing(1950-1970)
Mainframes which first came into existence in 1951 are highly powerful and reliable computing
machines. These are responsible for handling large data such as massive input-output
operations. Even today these are used for bulk processing tasks such as online transactions
etc. These systems have almost no downtime with high fault tolerance. After distributed
computing, these increased the processing capabilities of the system. But these were very
expensive. To reduce this cost, cluster computing came as an alternative to mainframe
technology.

2. Distributed Systems(1970-1980)
Distributed System is a composition of multiple independent systems but all of them are
depicted as a single entity to the users. The purpose of distributed systems is to share
resources and also use them effectively and efficiently. Distributed systems possess
characteristics such as scalability, concurrency, continuous availability, heterogeneity, and
independence in failures. But the main problem with this system was that all the systems were
required to be present at the same geographical location. Thus to solve this problem, distributed
computing led to three more types of computing and they were-Mainframe computing, cluster
computing, and grid computing.
3. Cluster Computing(1980-1990)
In 1980s, cluster computing came as an alternative to mainframe computing. Each machine in
the cluster was connected to each other by a network with high bandwidth. These were way
cheaper than those mainframe systems. These were equally capable of high computations.
Also, new nodes could easily be added to the cluster if it was required. Thus, the problem of the
cost was solved to some extent but the problem related to geographical restrictions still
pertained. To solve this, the concept of grid computing was introduced.

4. Grid Computing(1990-2000)
In 1990s, the concept of grid computing was introduced. It means that different systems were
placed at entirely different geographical locations and these all were connected via the internet.
These systems belonged to different organizations and thus the grid consisted of
heterogeneous nodes. Although it solved some problems but new problems emerged as the
distance between the nodes increased. The main problem which was encountered was the low
availability of high bandwidth connectivity and with it other network associated issues. Thus.
cloud computing is often referred to as "Successor of grid computing".

5. Utility Computing(Late 1990-2000)

Utility Computing is a computing model that defines service provisioning techniques for services
such as compute services along with other major services such as storage, infrastructure, etc
which are provisioned on a pay-per-use basis.

6. Virtualization(1980-Present)
Virtualization was introduced nearly 40 years back. It refers to the process of creating a virtual
layer over the hardware which allows the user to run multiple instances simultaneously on the
hardware. It is a key technology used in cloud computing. It is the base on which major cloud
computing services such as Amazon EC2, VMware vCloud, etc work on. Hardware virtualization
is still one of the most common types of virtualization.

7. Web 2.0
Web 2.0 is the interface through which the cloud computing services interact with the clients. It
is because of Web 2.0 that we have interactive and dynamic web pages. It also increases
flexibility among web pages. Popular examples of web 2.0 include Google Maps, Facebook,
Twitter, etc. Needless to say, social media is possible because of this technology only. It gained
major popularity in 2004.
8. Service Orientation
A service orientation acts as a reference model for cloud computing. It supports low-cost,
flexible, and evolvable applications. Two important concepts were introduced in this computing
model. These were Quality of Service (QoS) which also includes the SLA (Service Level
Agreement) and Software as a Service (SaaS).

Cloud Management
As more businesses shift to cloud platforms, managing cloud services has become crucial.
Cloud management involves monitoring and controlling cloud resources like storage, computing
power, and applications, across public, private, or hybrid environments. It ensures everything
runs smoothly, securely, and efficiently while meeting the growing demands of modern
organizations.

In this article, we’ll explore what cloud management is, why it’s important, and the tools and
tasks involved. We’ll also cover the benefits, key features of a good cloud management
platform, security and compliance practices, and more—all explained in a simple and
easy-to-understand manner.

What is Cloud Management

Cloud computing management is maintaining and controlling the cloud services and resources
be it public, private or hybrid. Some of its aspects include load balancing, performance, storage,
backups, capacity, deployment etc. To do so a cloud managing personnel needs full access to
all the functionality of resources in the cloud. Different software products and technologies are
combined to provide a cohesive cloud management strategy and process.

As we know Private cloud infrastructure is operated only for a single organization, so that can
be managed by the organization or by a third party. Public cloud services are delivered over a
network that is open and available for public use. In this model, the IT infrastructure is owned by
a private company and members of the public can purchase or lease data storage or computing
capacity as needed. Hybrid cloud environments are a combination of public and private cloud
services from different providers. Most organizations store data on private cloud servers for
privacy concerns, while leveraging public cloud applications at a lower price point for less
sensitive information. The combination of both the public and private cloud are known as Hybrid
cloud servers.
Why Cloud Management
Cloud is nowadays preferred by huge organizations as their primary data storage. A small
downtime or an error can cause a great deal of loss and inconvenience for the organizations. So
as to design, handle and maintain a cloud computing service specific members are responsible
who make sure things work out as supposed and all arising issues are addressed.

Prerequisite : Cloud Computing

Cloud Management Platform

A cloud management platform is a software solution that has a robust and extensive set of APIs
that allow it to pull data from every corner of the IT infrastructure. A CMP allows an IT
organization to establish a structured approach to security and IT governance that can be
implemented across the organization's entire cloud environment.

Cloud Management Tasks

The below figure represents different cloud management tasks :
Auditing System Backups -
It is required to audit the backups from time to time to ensure restoration of randomly selected
files of different users. This might be done by the organization or by the cloud provider.
Flow of data in the system -
The managers are responsible for designing a data flow diagram that shows how the data is
supposed to flow throughout the organization.

Vendor Lock-In -
The managers should know how to move their data from a server to another in case the
organization decides to switch providers.

Knowing provider’s security procedures -

The managers should know the security plans of the provider, especially Multitenant use,
E-commerce processing, Employee screening and Encryption policy.

Monitoring the Capacity, Planning and Scaling abilities -

The manager should know if their current cloud provider is going to meet their organization’s
demand in the future and also their scaling capabilities.

Monitoring audit log -

In order to identify errors in the system, logs are audited by the managers on a regular basis.

Solution Testing and Validation -

It is necessary to test the cloud services and verify the results and for error-free solutions.
Benefits of Effective Cloud Management

Advantages of Cloud Computing

In today's digital age, cloud computing has become a game-changer for businesses of all sizes.
Cloud-based computing has numerous benefits, making it a popular choice for companies
looking to streamline operations and reduce costs. From cost efficiency and scalability to
enhanced security and improved collaboration, the advantages of cloud computing are clear.
If you are considering a hybrid cloud computing solution or a fully cloud-based approach,
understanding the benefits of cloud computing for business can help you make informed
decisions. In this article, we'll explore the key advantages of cloud computing and how it can
transform your business operations for the better.

Benefits of Cloud Computing for Businesses

1. Cost Savings for Startups

Example: Startups like Dropbox and Airbnb leveraged cloud computing to avoid significant
upfront costs on hardware and software. By using cloud services, these companies managed
their operations cost-effectively while scaling quickly as their user base grew.

2. Enhanced Collaboration for Remote Teams

Example: Companies like Slack and Zoom use cloud-based platforms to facilitate seamless
collaboration among remote teams. These tools allow employees to work together in real-time,
regardless of their location, improving productivity and communication.

3. Scalability for Retail Giants

Example: Amazon, one of the largest e-commerce platforms, uses its own AWS (Amazon Web
Services) to handle massive traffic spikes during events like Black Friday. The scalability of
cloud computing ensures that their systems can handle increased demand without crashing.
4. Disaster Recovery for Financial Institutions
Example: Banks like Capital One use cloud services to ensure robust disaster recovery
solutions. By storing data in the cloud, they can quickly recover critical information and continue
operations in the event of a data center failure or natural disaster.

5. Improved Customer Service for Healthcare Providers

Example: Healthcare providers like Mayo Clinic utilize cloud computing to store and access
patient records securely. This enables doctors to access up-to-date information from anywhere,
improving patient care and response times.

Benefits of Cloud-Based Computing

Here are some advantages of cloud computing, along with real-life examples:

1. Scalability
One of the best advantages of cloud computing is scalability. Maintaining a business,
organization, or another element is trying in ideal circumstances. Especially amid the stresses of
downturn, expansion, pandemic, war, work putting together, and store network disturbances.
Cloud Computing provides the opportunity to scale at your own speed. Organizations are savvy
to have their significant developments plotted out three to five years ahead of time, however, the
world can be unpredictable. Whether you need to develop forcefully or carefully or downsize
decisively during seasons of unrest, cloud computing is a business resource you pay for just as
and when you want it.

2. Security
According to certain reports, small private companies are multiple times more likely to suffer a
cyberattack than large organizations. That most likely shocks numerous owners of companies.
The reasons are obvious, but — only 33% of organizations with four or fewer representatives
register hacks as a danger. The year 2021 reported 52,974 cybercrime, whereas the year 2020
reported 50,035 cases in India. Migrating business to the cloud implies approaching
industry-standard information data protection/assurance, firewalls, and robotized all-day,
everyday network observing. Few out of every odd organization can bear to hold that sort of IT
ability and foundation in-house.
3. Accessible to modern technology
Cloud computing is far more than an internet-based storage service for data. Organizations
worldwide currently use cutting-edge technologies they need to get done with their
responsibilities and run their business over the web utilizing the cloud. Some technology
available on a cloud platform includes Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Data
Analytics, Data Visualization, Containerization, etc. The Public Cloud Market Set to Surpass US
$500 BN by 2023. The opportunity to build powerful AI applications and machine learning
models without buying actual physical servers is a strong motivation.

4. Cheaper
The cloud computing model is based on the 'pay-as-you-go' principle and offers a possibly less
expensive way for organizations to remain coordinated and online. Albeit the costs for hard
drives, strong state drives, servers, and other fundamental things have fallen lately, cloud
computing proves to be the best regarding cost expenses. It’s still more affordable much of the
time to pay a continuous membership expense for cloud computing access than to buy and
afterward keep an in-house data-processing or warehousing contraption. Organizations don’t
have to look at, search for, and buy actual physical infrastructure when they have a dependable
cloud computing partner.

5. Mobility
One of the main advantages of cloud computing is mobility. Employees have the option to
compute heavy tasks from anywhere. Work-life balance and working from home on everyone’s
brains nowadays, information and workflow through the cloud introduces itself as a sensible
investment.

6. Easy Collaboration
A benefit of distributed computing firmly connected with mobility is simple collaboration. It’s one
thing to take your platform, administration and information mobile. It’s one more challenge to
gather all the data gathered by your company’s agents, organize it and ensure there are no
errors or duplicates. Cloud services mean less complex and less mistake-inclined coordination
between organizations, departments, clients, customers etc. There’s less time expected to
exchange information and reach a significant conclusion from it and everyone works from a
similar single source of truth.

7. Prediction ability
Data analytics deserves more consideration. Cloud computing has accomplished more powerful
predictive analytics than other technologies. In any event, when you don’t have he machines
you reallly want under your rooftop, someone on the oppoite side of the globe has a processing
limit accessible for

Issues in Cloud Computing

Cloud Computing is a new name for an old concept. The delivery of computing services from a
remote location. Cloud Computing is Internet-based computing, where shared resources,
software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand.

These are major issues in Cloud Computing:

1. Privacy: The user data can be accessed by the host company

with or without permission. The service provider may access the
data that is on the cloud at any point in time. They could
accidentally or deliberately alter or even delete information.

2. Compliance: There are many regulations in places related to

data and hosting. To comply with regulations (Federal Information
Security Management Act, Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act, etc.) the user may have to adopt deployment
modes that are expensive.

3. Security: Cloud-based services involve third-party for storage

and security. Can one assume that a cloud-based company will
protect and secure one's data if one is using their services at a
very low or for free? They may share users' information with
others. Security presents a real threat to the cloud.
4. Sustainability: This issue refers to minimizing the effect of
cloud computing on the environment. Citing the server's effects on
the environmental effects of cloud computing, in areas where
climate favors natural cooling and renewable electricity is readily
available, the countries with favorable conditions, such as
Finland, Sweden, and Switzerland are trying to attract cloud
computing data centers. But other than nature's favors, would
these countries have enough technical infrastructure to sustain
the high-end clouds?
5. Abuse: While providing cloud services, it should be
ascertained that the client is not purchasing the services of cloud
computing for a nefarious purpose. In 2009, a banking Trojan
illegally used the popular Amazon service as a command and
control channel that issued software updates and malicious
instructions to PCs that were infected by the malware So the
hosting companies and the servers should have proper measures
to address these issues.

6, Higher Cost: If you want to use cloud services uninterruptedly

then you need to have a powerful network with higher bandwidth
than ordinary internet networks, and also if your organization is
broad and large so ordinary cloud service subscription won't suit
your organization. Otherwise, you might face hassle in utilizing an
ordinary cloud service while working on complex projects and
applications. This is a major problem before small organizations,
that restricts them from diving into cloud technology for their
business.
7. Recovery of lost data in contingency: Before subscribing
any cloud service provider goes through all norms and
documentations and check whether their services match your
requirements and sufficient well-maintained resource
infrastructure with proper upkeeping. Once you subscribed to the
service you almost hand over your data into the hands of a third
party. If you are able to choose proper cloud service then in the
future you don't need to worry about the recovery of lost data in
any contingency.

8. Upkeeping(management) of Cloud: Maintaining a cloud is a

herculin task because a cloud architecture contains a large
resources infrastructure and other challenges and risks as well,
user satisfaction, etc. As users usually pay for how much they
have consumed the resources. So, sometimes it becomes hard to
decide how much should be charged in case the user wants
scalability and extend the services.
9. Lack of resources/skilled expertise: One of the major issues
that companies and enterprises are going through today is the
lack of resources and skilled employees. Every second
organization is seeming interested or has already been moved to
cloud services. That's why the workload in the cloud is increasing
so the cloud service hosting companies need continuous rapid
advancement. Due to these factors, organizations are having a
tough time keeping up to date with the tools. As new tools and
technologies are emerging every day so more skilled/trained
employees need to grow. These challenges can only be
minimized through additional training of IT and development staff.

10. Pay-per-use service charges: Cloud computing services are

on-demand services a user can extend or compress the volume
of the resource as per needs. so you paid for how much you have
consumed the resources. It is difficult to define a certain
pre-defined cost for a particular quantity of services. Such types
of ups and downs and price variations make the implementation
of cloud computing very difficult and intricate. It is not easy for a
firm's owner to study consistent demand and fluctuations with the
seasons and various events. So it is hard to build a budget for a
service that could consume several months of the budget in a few
days of heavy use.

Cloud Computing Security

Security In Cloud Computing :

Cloud computing which is one of the most demanding technology of the current time, starting
from small to large organizations have started using cloud computing services. Where there are
different types of cloud deployment models are available and cloud services are provided as per
requirement like that internally and externally security is maintained to keep the cloud system
safe. Cloud security is an important concern which refers to the act of protecting cloud
environments, data, information and applications against unauthorized access, DDOS attacks,
malwares, hackers and other similar attacks. Community Cloud : These allow to a limited set of
organizations or employees to access a shared cloud computing service envir

Types of Cloud Security Controls :

There are 4 types of cloud computing security controls i.e.

[Link] Controls :

Deterrent controls are designed to block nefarious attacks on a

cloud system. These come in handy when there are insider
attackers.

[Link] Controls :

Preventive controls make the system resilient to attacks by

eliminating vulnerabilities in it.

[Link] Controls :

It identifies and reacts to security threats and control. Some

examples of detective control software are Intrusion detection
software and network security monitoring tools.

[Link] Controls :

In the event of a security attack these controls are activated. They

limit the damage caused by the attack.

Importance of cloud security :

For the organizations making their transition to cloud, cloud security is an essential factor while
choosing a cloud provider. The attacks are getting stronger day by day and so the security
needs to keep up with it. For this purpose it is essential to pick a cloud provider who offers the
best security and is customized with the organization’s infrastructure. Cloud security has a lot of
benefits -
Centralized security : Centralized security results in centralizing
protection. As managing all the devices and endpoints is not an
easy task cloud security helps in doing so. This results in
enhancing traffic analysis and web filtering which means less
policy and software updates.

Reduced costs : Investing in cloud computing and cloud security

results in less expenditure in hardware and also less manpower in
administration

Reduced Administration : It makes it easier to administer the

organization and does not have manual security configuration and
constant security updates. These are very reliable and the cloud
can be accessed from anywhere with any device with proper
authorization.

When we are thinking about cloud security it includes various

types of security like access control for authorized access,
network segmentation for maintaining isolated data, encryption for
encoded data transfer, vulnerability check for patching vulnerable
areas, security monitoring for keeping eye on various security
attacks and disaster recovery for backup and recovery during
data loss.
There are different types of security techniques which are
implemented to make the cloud computing system more secure
such as SSL (Secure Socket Layer) Encryption, Multi Tenancy
based Access Control, Intrusion Detection System, firewalls,
penetration testing, tokenization, VPN (Virtual Private Networks),
and avoiding public internet connections and many more
techniques.

But the thing is not so simple how we think, even implementation

of number of security techniques there is always security issues
are involved for the cloud system. As cloud system is managed
and accessed over internet so a lot of challenges arises during
maintaining a secure cloud