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 AutoCAD® 2018
3D Drawing & Modeling

Student Guide
Mixed Units - 1st Edition
Cover Page

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 ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge®
AutoCAD® 2018
3D Drawing & Modeling
Mixed Units - 1st Edition
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AS-ACD1801-3DM1MU-SG // IS-ACD1801-3DM1MU-SG
 C o n t e n ts
Preface ............................................................................................................ ix

In this Guide ................................................................................................... xi

Practice Files ................................................................................................. xv

Chapter 1: 3D Foundations.......................................................................... 1-1

1.1 Why Use 3D? ................................................................................... 1-2
Types of 3D Models .......................................................................... 1-2
1.2 Introduction to the 3D Modeling Workspace ................................ 1-4
3D Ribbon Panels ............................................................................. 1-4
1.3 Basic 3D Viewing Tools.................................................................. 1-7
Preset 3D Views................................................................................ 1-7
Orbiting in 3D .................................................................................... 1-7
Using Visual Styles ........................................................................... 1-9
1.4 3D Navigation Tools...................................................................... 1-10
ViewCube........................................................................................ 1-10
SteeringWheel................................................................................. 1-13
Practice 1a 3D Navigation Tools......................................................... 1-16
1.5 Introduction to the User Coordinate System (UCS)................... 1-19
Dynamic UCS.................................................................................. 1-20
Practice 1b Introduction to the User Coordinate System................. 1-22
Chapter Review Questions................................................................... 1-24
Command Summary ............................................................................. 1-25

Chapter 2: Simple Solids ............................................................................. 2-1

2.1 Working with Solid Primitives........................................................ 2-2
Drawing Solid Primitives ................................................................... 2-2
Editing Solid Primitives...................................................................... 2-3

© 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge® i

AutoCAD 2018: 3D Drawing & Modeling

2.2 Solid Primitive Types...................................................................... 2-5

Creating Boxes and Wedges ............................................................ 2-5
Creating Pyramids............................................................................. 2-7
Creating Cylinders and Cones .......................................................... 2-9
Creating Spheres and Tori .............................................................. 2-11
Creating Wall-like Solids with Polysolid .......................................... 2-13
Practice 2a Working with Solid Primitives - Architectural ............... 2-15
Practice 2b Working with Solid Primitives - Mechanical .................. 2-16
2.3 Working with Composite Solids .................................................. 2-18
Creating Composite Solids.............................................................. 2-18
Modifying Composite Solids............................................................ 2-21
Practice 2c Working with Composite Solids ..................................... 2-23
Practice 2d Mechanical Project - Machine Part ................................. 2-24
Practice 2e Architectural Project - Facade Puzzle ............................ 2-26
2.4 Working with Mesh Models .......................................................... 2-28
Creating Mesh Primitives ................................................................ 2-28
Creating Mesh Models from Objects............................................... 2-30
Editing Mesh Models....................................................................... 2-30
Convert From Mesh Models............................................................ 2-35
Practice 2f Mesh Model........................................................................ 2-36
Chapter Review Questions................................................................... 2-40
Command Summary ............................................................................. 2-42

Chapter 3: Working with the User Coordinate System ............................. 3-1

3.1 UCS Basics ...................................................................................... 3-2
UCS Icon........................................................................................... 3-3
Moving the UCS Origin ..................................................................... 3-5
Moving the UCS to a Face ................................................................ 3-6
Moving the UCS Using 3 Points........................................................ 3-6
Practice 3a Using the UCS .................................................................... 3-8
3.2 UCS X, Y, and Z Commands......................................................... 3-11
Practice 3b X, Y, and Z Commands .................................................... 3-13
3.3 UCS Multi-functional Grips .......................................................... 3-16
3.4 Saving a UCS by Name................................................................. 3-17
Practice 3c Working with Named UCSs ............................................. 3-20
Chapter Review Questions................................................................... 3-21
Command Summary ............................................................................. 3-22

ii © 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge®

 Contents

Chapter 4: Creating Solids & Surfaces from 2D Objects .......................... 4-1

4.1 Complex 3D Geometry.................................................................... 4-2
Creating Surfaces and Solids............................................................ 4-2
4.2 Extruded Solids and Surfaces ....................................................... 4-3
Presspull ........................................................................................... 4-4
Modifying Extrusions ......................................................................... 4-6
Practice 4a Creating an Extruded Solid ............................................... 4-7
Practice 4b Extruding Along a Path ..................................................... 4-8
4.3 Swept Solids and Surfaces ............................................................ 4-9
Modifying Sweeps ........................................................................... 4-10
3D Paths ......................................................................................... 4-11
Practice 4c Creating a Swept Solid .................................................... 4-13
Practice 4d Sweeping Along a Helix................................................... 4-15
Practice 4e Sweeping Along a 3D Polyline ........................................ 4-16
4.4 Revolved Solids and Surfaces..................................................... 4-18
Modifying Revolves ......................................................................... 4-19
Practice 4f Creating Revolved Solids................................................. 4-20
4.5 Lofted Solids and Surfaces.......................................................... 4-22
Modifying Lofts ................................................................................ 4-25
Practice 4g Creating a Lofted Solid.................................................... 4-26
Practice 4h Basic Solid and Surface Editing ..................................... 4-27
4.6 NURBS Surfaces ........................................................................... 4-29
Creating NURBS Surfaces.............................................................. 4-29
Edit NURBS Surfaces ..................................................................... 4-30
Practice 4i Create and Edit a NURBS Surface ................................... 4-37
Chapter Review Questions................................................................... 4-41
Command Summary ............................................................................. 4-42

Chapter 5: Modifying in 3D Space............................................................... 5-1

5.1 3D Gizmo Tools ............................................................................... 5-2
Practice 5a 3D Gizmo Tools .................................................................. 5-5
5.2 Aligning Objects in 3D Space ........................................................ 5-8
Align Command................................................................................. 5-8
3D Align Command ......................................................................... 5-10
Practice 5b Aligning Objects in 3D..................................................... 5-12
5.3 3D Modify Commands .................................................................. 5-13
3D Move and 3D Rotate.................................................................. 5-13

© 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge® iii

AutoCAD 2018: 3D Drawing & Modeling

3D Scale.......................................................................................... 5-14
Mirroring Objects in 3D ................................................................... 5-14
Arraying Objects in 3D .................................................................... 5-15
Practice 5c Working with 3D Modify Commands .............................. 5-17
Practice 5d Architectural Project - Gallery ........................................ 5-19
Chapter Review Questions................................................................... 5-21
Command Summary ............................................................................. 5-23

Chapter 6: Advanced Solid Editing............................................................. 6-1

6.1 Editing Components of Solids....................................................... 6-2
Editing Faces .................................................................................... 6-5
Editing Edges .................................................................................... 6-5
Editing Vertices ................................................................................. 6-6
Modification Options.......................................................................... 6-6
Practice 6a Editing Components of Solids .......................................... 6-7
6.2 Editing Faces of Solids................................................................... 6-8
Extruding Faces ................................................................................ 6-9
Offsetting Faces and Edges............................................................ 6-10
Moving Faces.................................................................................. 6-11
Rotating Faces ................................................................................ 6-12
Tapering Faces ............................................................................... 6-13
Removing Faces ............................................................................. 6-14
Copying Faces ................................................................................ 6-15
Practice 6b Editing Faces of Solids.................................................... 6-16
6.3 Fillets and Chamfers on Solids.................................................... 6-18
Practice 6c Fillets and Chamfers on Solids....................................... 6-21
Practice 6d Mechanical Project: Bracket ........................................... 6-24
Chapter Review Questions................................................................... 6-25
Command Summary ............................................................................. 6-27

Chapter 7: Additional Editing Tools............................................................ 7-1

7.1 Creating a Shell ............................................................................... 7-2
Practice 7a Creating a Shell .................................................................. 7-3
7.2 Imprinting Edges of Solids............................................................. 7-5
Practice 7b Imprinting Edges on a Solid.............................................. 7-7
7.3 Slicing a Solid along a Plane ......................................................... 7-8
Practice 7c Slicing a Solid................................................................... 7-10
7.4 Interference Checking .................................................................. 7-12

iv © 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge®

 Contents

Practice 7d Interference Checking ..................................................... 7-16

7.5 Converting Objects to Surfaces .................................................. 7-18
Creating Planar Surfaces from 2D Objects ..................................... 7-18
Converting 2D Objects to Surfaces................................................. 7-18
Converting Solids to Surfaces......................................................... 7-20
7.6 Converting Objects to Solids....................................................... 7-21
Converting 2D Objects to Solids ..................................................... 7-21
Converting Surfaces to Solids......................................................... 7-22
Converting Solids or Surfaces to Wireframe ................................... 7-23
Practice 7e Converting Objects to Surfaces and Solids .................. 7-24
Practice 7f Mechanical Project - Connector ...................................... 7-27
Chapter Review Questions................................................................... 7-28
Command Summary ............................................................................. 7-29

Chapter 8: Refining the View ....................................................................... 8-1

8.1 Working with Sections.................................................................... 8-2
Working With Sections ...................................................................... 8-2
Setting the Section Plane.................................................................. 8-3
Working with Live Sections ............................................................... 8-5
Generating Sections from Section Planes ........................................ 8-7
Practice 8a Working with Sections....................................................... 8-9
8.2 Working with Cameras ................................................................. 8-11
Adjusting a Camera......................................................................... 8-13
Clipping Camera Views................................................................... 8-14
Practice 8b Working with Cameras .................................................... 8-16
8.3 Managing Views in 3D .................................................................. 8-18
Modifying Views .............................................................................. 8-22
Practice 8c Managing Views in 3D...................................................... 8-24
8.4 Animating with ShowMotion ........................................................ 8-27
8.5 Creating ShowMotion Shots ........................................................ 8-29
Practice 8d Animating with ShowMotion ........................................... 8-32
8.6 Creating Animations ..................................................................... 8-34
Using Walk and Fly ......................................................................... 8-35
Animating a Walkthough ................................................................. 8-38
Animation Motion Paths .................................................................. 8-40
Practice 8e Walking and Flying Through Models.............................. 8-42
Chapter Review Questions................................................................... 8-44
Command Summary ............................................................................. 8-46

© 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge® v

AutoCAD 2018: 3D Drawing & Modeling

Chapter 9: Point Clouds............................................................................... 9-1

9.1 Point Clouds .................................................................................... 9-2
Attach Point Cloud ............................................................................ 9-3
Point Cloud Contextual Tab .............................................................. 9-5
Object Snap .................................................................................... 9-13
Dynamic UCS.................................................................................. 9-14
Practice 9a Attach a Point Cloud ........................................................ 9-15
Practice 9b Working with Sections..................................................... 9-17
Chapter Review Questions................................................................... 9-21
Command Summary ............................................................................. 9-22

Chapter 10: Visualization ........................................................................... 10-1

10.1 Creating Visual Styles .................................................................. 10-2
Visual Style Settings ....................................................................... 10-5
Practice 10a Creating Visual Styles.................................................. 10-12
10.2 Working with Materials ............................................................... 10-13
Using the Materials Browser ......................................................... 10-14
Libraries ........................................................................................ 10-15
Adding Materials ........................................................................... 10-16
Attaching Materials by Layer......................................................... 10-20
Material Editor ............................................................................... 10-21
Texture Editor................................................................................ 10-24
Practice 10b Working with Materials ................................................ 10-25
10.3 Specifying Light Sources ........................................................... 10-29
Default Lighting ............................................................................. 10-29
Sunlight ......................................................................................... 10-30
User-Defined Lights ...................................................................... 10-36
Modifying Lights ............................................................................ 10-39
Practice 10c Creating a Sun Study ................................................... 10-41
Practice 10d Placing Lights in a Model ............................................ 10-43
10.4 Rendering Concepts ................................................................... 10-45
Adjusting the Exposure ................................................................. 10-48
Render Presets Manager .............................................................. 10-48
Practice 10e Rendering Concepts .................................................... 10-50
Chapter Review Questions................................................................. 10-53
Command Summary ........................................................................... 10-55

vi © 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge®

 Contents

Chapter 11: Working Drawings from 3D Models ..................................... 11-1

11.1 Creating Multiple Viewports......................................................... 11-2
Practice 11a Creating Multiple Viewports .......................................... 11-5
11.2 2D Views from 3D Solids .............................................................. 11-8
Creating Hidden Line Views............................................................ 11-9
Creating Profiles from Solids......................................................... 11-11
Practice 11b 2D Views from 3D Solids ............................................. 11-13
11.3 Creating Technical Drawings with Flatshot.............................. 11-17
Practice 11c Creating Technical Drawings with Flatshot............... 11-20
Practice 11d Mechanical Project - Saddle........................................ 11-22
11.4 3D Model Import .......................................................................... 11-23
11.5 Automatic Model Documentation .............................................. 11-24
Adding Base Views ....................................................................... 11-25
Adding Projected Views ................................................................ 11-27
Editing Drawing Views .................................................................. 11-30
Practice 11e Creating Automatic Model Documentation................ 11-32
11.6 3D Printing ................................................................................... 11-37
Print Studio.................................................................................... 11-37
3D Print Service ............................................................................ 11-40
Practice 11f Send a 3D Model to Print.............................................. 11-41
Chapter Review Questions................................................................. 11-43
Command Summary ........................................................................... 11-45

Appendix A: Skills Assessment ..................................................................A-1

Index ...................................................................................................... Index-1

© 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge® vii

AutoCAD 2018: 3D Drawing & Modeling

viii © 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge®

 Preface
The AutoCAD® 2018: 3D Drawing and Modeling student guide introduces users
who are proficient with the 2D commands in the AutoCAD® software to the
concepts and methods of 3D modeling. The student guide provides a thorough
grounding in the fundamentals of 3D and explores the main features of the
advanced 3D Modeling workspace in the AutoCAD software.

Topics Covered:

• 3D viewing techniques

• Working with simple and composite solids

• Creating complex solids and surfaces

• Modifying objects in 3D space

• Editing solids

• Creating sections, camera perspectives, and animations

• Working with point clouds

• Converting 3D objects

• Setting up a rendering with materials and lights

• Creating 2D drawings from 3D models

• Working with the User Coordinate System

• Set up a drawing for 3D Prints

Note on Software Setup

This student guide assumes a standard installation of the software using the
default preferences during installation. Lectures and practices use the standard
software templates and default options for the Content Libraries.

© 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge® ix

AutoCAD 2018: 3D Drawing & Modeling

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Michelle began her career in the Air Force working in the Civil Engineering unit as
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Michelle holds a Bachelor’s of Science degree from the University of Utah along
with a Master’s of Business Administration from Kaplan University.

Michelle is an Autodesk Certified Instructor (ACI) as well as an Autodesk Certified

Evaluator, teaching and evaluating other Autodesk Instructors for the ACI
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x © 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge®

 In th is Gu id e
The following images highlight some of the features that can be found in this
Student Guide.

Practice Files
The Practice Files page tells
you how to download and install
the practice files that are
provided with this student guide.

FTP link for practice files

Chapters
Each chapter begins with a brief
introduction and a list of the
chapter’s Learning Objectives.
Learning Objectives for
the chapter

© 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge® xi

AutoCAD 2018: 3D Drawing & Modeling

Instructional Content
Each chapter is split into a
series of sections of
instructional content on specific
topics. These lectures include
the descriptions, step-by-step
Side notes procedures, figures, hints, and
Side notes are hints or information you need to achieve
additional information for the chapter's Learning
the current topic. Objectives.

Practice Objectives
Practices
Practices enable you to use the
software to perform a hands-on
review of a topic.
Some practices require you to
use prepared practice files,
which can be downloaded from
the link found on the Practice
Files page.

Chapter Review Questions

Chapter review questions,
located at the end of each
chapter, enable you to review
the key concepts and learning
objectives of the chapter.

xii © 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge®

 In this Guide

Command Summary
The Command Summary is
located at the end of each
chapter. It contains a list of the
software commands that are
used throughout the chapter,
and provides information on
where the command is found in
the software.

Autodesk Certification Exam

Appendix
This appendix includes a list of
the topics and objectives for the
Autodesk Certification exams,
and the chapter and section in
which the relevant content can
be found.

Icons in this Student Guide

The following icons are used to help you quickly and easily find helpful
information.

Indicates items that are new in the AutoCAD 2018 software.

2018

Indicates items that have been enhanced in the AutoCAD 2018 software.
2018

© 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge® xiii

AutoCAD 2018: 3D Drawing & Modeling

xiv © 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge®

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AutoCAD 2018: 3D Drawing & Modeling

xvi © 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge®

 Chapter

3D Foundations
In this chapter you learn how to identify 3D models, use the 3D workspace, view a
3D model from different angles, shade the model using visual styles, and
understand the user coordinate system (UCS).

Learning Objectives in this Chapter

• Describe the differences between 2D drawings and 3D models.
• Access the 3D drawing and viewing tools using the ribbon through 3D-specific workspaces.
• View objects from all directions using preset 3D views and 3D orbiting tools.
• Control how elements display in a view using the visual styles.
• Navigate 3D drawings with additional tools, including the ViewCube and the SteeringWheel.
• Move the UCS to a face on a 3D object using the Dynamic UCS.

© 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge® 1–1

AutoCAD 2018: 3D Drawing & Modeling

1.1 Why Use 3D?

2D plans and schematics are diagrams that represent an object
by reducing it to a simpler form. For example, two parallel lines
are easily recognized as the symbol for a wall, although they are
not actually a wall. However, a 3D model is a complete object in
all its dimensions. A complete 3D model of a wall can include all
interior framing, the drywall, baseboards, etc. At the very least, it
would display the height, length, and width of the wall.

Likewise, a three-view 2D mechanical drawing is a symbolic

representation of an object from various directions. If you want to
view the object from another angle, you must draw another 2D
view. However, a 3D mechanical model is a single object that
can be viewed from many directions as shown in Figure 1–1.

Figure 1–1
A 3D model:

• Can be viewed from any direction.

• Can be used to generate 2D views as required.

• Can be rendered to create photo-realistic images of the

finished model.

Types of You can create four types of 3D models with the AutoCAD®
software: wireframe, surface, mesh, and solid, as shown in
3D Models Figure 1–2.

1–2 © 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge®

 3D Foundations

Wireframe Surface Mesh Solid

Figure 1–2
Wireframe models: Represent the 3D object by indicating its
edges. There are no surfaces between the edges. Therefore,
you can see through the object. For example, you can use a
wireframe drawing to display a plumbing riser diagram. You can
also use wireframe objects as paths or frameworks for other 3D
objects.

Surface models: Consist of infinitely thin surfaces that

represent the shell of an object. Since the surfaces are opaque,
the edges behind them can be hidden. However, the model
cannot be used for mechanical or thermal analysis because the
thin surfaces do not have a mass. You can use surfaces to
create contour maps or other complex geometry, such as a car
body or cell phone design. You can also use surfaces to cut
solids and apply complex geometry to them.

Mesh models: Consist of polygons that form edges, faces, and

vertices. They do not have mass and can be used to create
complex shapes that can be creased, split, and deformed as
required. They can be shaded and rendered without having a
mass and can be a useful alternative to solids.

Solid models: Can look like surface models, but are solid blocks
of material, rather than hollow. A solid model has mass and can
be used for mechanical and thermal analysis, and renderings.
Solids can be used to create anything from a doorknob, to a
large machine, or to a massing study for a new high-rise.

Hint: Advanced 3D modeling

The 3D tools in the AutoCAD software are primarily for
conceptual design, but can be used to create objects and then
to create working drawings from them. Autodesk supplies
vertical software, such as Autodesk® Inventor® for mechanical
design, Autodesk® Revit® Architecture for architectural design,
and AutoCAD® Civil 3D® and Autodesk InfraWorks 360 for civil
design, each of which are more powerful in their specific
disciplines. For advanced rendering and animations, you would
use the Autodesk® 3ds Max® software.

© 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge® 1–3

AutoCAD 2018: 3D Drawing & Modeling

1.2 Introduction to the 3D

Modeling Workspace
When you are ready to begin working in 3D, you need special
tools and visual clues to help you move from the flat 2D world
into the full-featured world of the third dimension. The AutoCAD
software includes a 3D modeling workspace with easy access to
3D drawing and viewing tools, as shown in Figure 1–3.

Figure 1–3
• To open the 3D Modeling workspace, expand the Drafting &
Annotation drop-down list in the Quick Access Toolbar and
select 3D Modeling.

• You can also use the 3D Basics workspace, which contains

many commonly used commands.

• Use the ribbon tabs and panels to access the 3D tools.

• Toggle the Tool Palettes off or set them to Auto-Hide to save

space in the drawing window. They are primarily used for
lights and other visualization commands.

3D Ribbon The 3D Modeling workspace includes ribbon tabs and panels

that contain commonly used 3D tools. The tabs are: Home,
Panels Solid, Surface, Mesh, Visualize, Parametric, Insert, Annotate,
View, Manage, and Output.

1–4 © 2017, ASCENT - Center for Technical Knowledge®

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