Wy oF Ate Vear MINIS tte In wind» ty necologat wh the comnain harge. On yaginal examination, (id vent in the rector ag r He to brain the fluid through which of the Following route? > Ww . he uterine ‘which supplies bt he anatomy of the uterus. They explain th ‘osves over a specific structure as it travels fro sila ing 8 does the uterine artery € A. Ureter B. Round liga >. Vaginal canal E. Bladder 17 years old boy sutters daring» soccer match, the urologist notices tend ot errelling Of the boy's tan testicle that may be preduced by tLroaherwik hich ene ALeft internal pudendal vein Left renal vein C. Inferior veuncave D. Left inferior epigastric vein Left external pudendal vein ‘years old male visited (0 general surgcon with complaint of weight loss, low grade fever, feeting mas jominal region. After examination & investigation the case oF testicular earcinoma was diagmesed. ich of the following Iymph node drain the testy ‘&. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes B. Deep inguinal lymph nodes C. Internal iliac lymph nodes D. External iliac lymph nodes E. Para aontic lymiph nodes A.46 years old woman has a history of iafeciion in her perineal region. A comprehensive examination reveals a tear of sup: boundary of superficin! perineal space. Which of the following structure mente uikel to be injured A. Pelvic diaphragm B. Colle’s fascia CC. Superficial perineal fase B. Deep perineal fascia E. Perineal membrane 6. Ayoung female patient asks her healtheare provider what to expect during her first bimanual examinat ‘The provider takes the opportunity to explain the normal anatomical positioning of the uterus. Which o the following options best describes the typical anatomical position of the uterus? Retroflexed and retroveried B. Antisflexed and anteverted C. Anteverted and mildly reirofexed D. Mid-position and straight Lateral and tilted 5. A young person received a gunshot mound in the pelvic cavity resulting nerves. Which of the following nerve fibers » ould primarily be damaged: Posterior ganglionic parasympathetic fibers Posterior ganglionic sympathetic fibers Pre ganglionic sympathetic fibers lesion of saeral splanchnic A B c 45. Pre ganglionic parasympathetic fibers E. Posterior ganglionic sympathetic parasympathetic fibers Scanned with |CamScanner™stifles 4 taye dying w slide of she aitrenal glam) and Ide © histology students st This layer Is known for secreting miner arrangedt in svat clust aldosterone, What fs the name of this Layer? a 1B, Zona fasciew wa reticularis ). Adrenal mest E. Capsule ofthe adrenal glind >. While examining an adrenal gland under the uricroseape, the path y darker entoptaan, net are involved In the symthesis of andragens. Which layer of the adrenal cor awalyzed? A. Zona glomenil shogist notices cells that are sn Renal cortex 1 histological examination of the ureler, a student notes fa smooth muscle layer. W he museularis layer consists of tw at isthe main function 0. During istinet layers: an inner longitudinal and aw outer cireal these muscular layers in the ureter? ment membrane ima sib in, What specific part of the k ‘Scanned with @ camScannermenstrat Period, low bi ial i Examination re ‘uterus. Which of the following nerves conveys sensor) 1iners From the €€rvin af the C. Pelvic splar D. Sacral sp E invaded by cancerous coll? A. Internal ilise B,, Externat iliac Superficial inguinal D. Deep inguin E 7-year-old woman is admitted to the bos Je pain. Radiogs nigh tumor on the left ovary. Aw ovariectomy & prt! ored and the ava y esses jan vessels are ligated. Wiel © ce ligated? ig structures is most al risk af injury w hea Lhe avant B, Vaginal anery © Urs D. Internal pudendal ater E. Podendal nerve 12, A42-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital asian ‘veal urine Arelds- A sterine artery cmbutistt performed, Whigh of the following arterice wil Supply collateral supply to the uterus? ‘External iiae B. Inferior mesenteric © Ovarian D. ‘Internal pudendal . Superior mesenteric 13. a4 year-old woman i hos ‘cs painful abdomen. An ultrasound exam fs performed and the presence of 3: oneal eavity is confirmed. A needle is place {hough the posterior vaginal fornix to dain the fad \v hich ofthe following space must the needle cate to drain the Nui ‘A. Rectoiterine pouch 8. Paraectal fossa ,,Paravesical space BF Uterovesica pouch tie E. Superficial perineal pouch 14. A 68-year-old man was known case of cangerous jrusiate gland. Subsequently, he undergoes a rad prostatectomy. Postoperatively, he suffers from Usinary incontinence because of paralysis of the e: Urethral sphincter, Which of the following merye wa» injured during the operation? A Sacral splanchnic D. Superior gluteal E. Inferior gluteal Scanned with |\CamScannerjons could be responsible? A nemborm girl has ambiguows genitalia, Wick af the fatto 5. Androge . 1D. Congenital a erplasia © Downs syndrom Hormonal factors that do not stin A. Testosterone Spernimtogene ‘Thyroid stimulating hormone ollicle stimulating hor E/ Esiroger Hormone essen! A. FSH B LK C, Prolactin F Oxytoe! E. Estrogen Regarding ovarian cycle, which of the follow ine statement 8 Corre A. It lasts for about 10 B. Controlled by progesterone CC, No change occurs in ovum @ Quulation occurs on 14th day E. Estrogen plays no role init Which of the fotlowing hormone is required for carly division of sperm? ALUM a rs C. Growth Hormone D. ACTH E. PTH Among various Estrogen: A. Estradiol is the most potent & estriol i ih B._ Estradio! is the most potent & estrone i ic leas. CC. Estrone is the most potent & estriol st & Estriok is the most potent & estradiol {s ine leat. E, Estriol is the most potent & estrone is the [gas w mee Of the following is the main pathway for yynthesis of Estrogens in females? Granulosa cells produce androgens & supply them to cells of theca intema which convert them to estrogens, @ Cells of theca interna produce androgens & supply then to granulosa cells which convert them to estrogens C. Androgens are sy to estrogens The first step of cholesterol conversion (0 pregnenolone occurs in adipose tissue and remaining steps occur in ovarian cells E. All steps of estrogens’ synthesis can cur in both granule cells and cells Of theca i see interna inside ovaries. csized by adr vies nl we then transported to ovarian cells for their conversions D. 1 Scanned with | @camscannerfottowtng tye! A. Simple W Simple columnar C._ Stratified columnar D. Simple cuboidal epithelia E. Pscudostratified columnar epithelium 23. awitopathologst examining + Noosa si sho din a thie st with simple tubular glands embedde stewetyre is most likely being exa rain! Ov ; % Fa 0 ¢ DE is T gistingwishit he prostate gland (r wher structuce 2 Presence of corpora 25. Daring a hist identifying structure lined exel lined sotely by Sertoli cells? Sen us tubules Epididymis Vas ale represtuctive system specimen, 2 histopathologist fo iy Sertoli cells. Whieh of the follow al featarcs 0! various glands within the mate reproductive hat has hot sveudostratiied and transitional epithelia Lnown for contributing proteolytic cnry mses to semen. Which ofthe following gland is being described? ‘Ay Seminal vesicles © Prostate gland C. Bulbourethral glands D. Epididymis E, Testes 27. A.25-year-old woman has ‘A. Estrogen B, Progesterone Follicle-stimulatn D. Testosterone E PTH 28, A neyborn male is found to have undescended testes. hat s this condi A. Hypospa 8. Cryptorchidism C. Hydrocele D. Varicocele E. Deep venous thrombosis 29, A woman isin her second trimester of pregas uterine contractions ‘A. Oxytocin A Progesterone regular menstrual eYsles. Vy hieh hormone is most likely imbalanced? alled? 1€ maintains the pregnancy by iabil “Cc. Prolactin D. Estrogen E. Thyroid hormone Scanned with |CamScanner™A“ nh. Net © Ke the most likely cause mint iney disease presents with gwwetting it nis Fess Which ofthe fl © patient is found to have elevated bi trogen (BUN) he most likely explanation? Increased protein intake B. Decreased renal ble ©. Decreased ioe 11 creatinine levels. Which of the fo" J flaw D. Increased GER E) Increased Glucose intake 28. A person experiences 0 att acute drop ting a response to this chang A. proximal tubule of Henle al structure is primarily respom apparatus D. Collecting duc E_ Distal convoluted tubule 29. A.4s-year-old Woman presents with polvurs Jow urine osmolality, Which condition & ‘A. Diabetes mellitus B. Central diabetes insipidus s&Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 1D. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic lnormone (STADE) E. excess of Growth hormone Sa, Which of the following hormones increases souliui reabsorption tn the distal egavoluted tubule? ‘A, Antidiurctic hormone (ADH) ®Aldosterone CC. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1D, Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) E, Growth hormone si. A patient with chronic hypertension is started ow am ACE inhibitor. Which of the following chant expected in the renal physiology? A. Increased angiotensin 11 levels B._ Increased efferent arteriole constriction C, Decreased GER {27 Increased aldosterone secretion E. Increased PTH secretion 82. A 50-year-old male presents with hyperkalemia. Which renal mechanism is most likely impaired! A. Potassium reabsorption in the proximal tubule B-Pouassium secretion in the distal tubule CC. Sodium reabsorption in the loop of Ic 1D. Water reabsorption in the collecting su E. Glucose reabsorption in DCT ui collecting duct Scanned with |\CamScanner46, A $0-year oll ex-smoker male was ailiittest tis ab . 48 paper, Which type sriment of hospital with complaints of persistent vomiting for last 3 days. He had ge ramps. On eva sppeared dehydrated sma had shallow respira simple was analyed with the Fe ome 9 pHe7.8: NCOs — 35m pCO 50 mal Na’ 145 mEq/l Ki =2.9 mEq/l 1 type of A, Metabolic acidosis # Metabolic alkalosis « D. Jdl-base disorder | ‘his atient Respiratory acidosis Respiratory alkalosis E. Mixed acid. pital with history of chronic obstructive pulmo jon. he was found cyanosed and dyspneic. Blood sample whe disease for last several years. On exam: ‘lyzed, revealed the follow ing results: pit=7.32 pCO2= $8 mui MCO-3= 28 mEq/L Identify the type of disorder in the patient A, Metabolic alkalosis BC Respiratory alkalosis CC. Metabolic acidosis D._ Respiratory acidosis E, Mixed acid-base disorder Which of the following combinations of sigs: snl symptoms js most consistent with diagnosis of nephrotic 7 eraturi, hypertension and protein B._ Massive proteinuria, edema and bypettpitemia C__Ofiguria — hydronephrosis and absostallenemess D. Painful hematuria, flank pain and palpable absoninal mass E. Painless hematuria, polycythemia and increase skin pigmentation Urine analysis of a patient reveals red cells, cass, epithelial cells and albumin. The underlying ¢ A. Urinary tract infection B. Renal calculus C._ Interstitial nephritis B Nephrotic syndrome E. Glomerulonephritis Scanned with |\CamScannerical student of second year MBMS is lit system, Which of the followin the embryotogical development the wrogenital sinus? lopian t « wer part of Vag Upper part of Vag § medical student is s nent of the male reproductive system, He learns that remnants Of f specific duct in the ma al structure. Which of the following structures is formed from the remnants of the paramesonephric suct in the male? «. Epididymis B. Vas detere! C. Prostate g D. Appendix testis E Semi \9, During the class of embryology, the teacher is distussing about the development They discuss the differenti following factor is pri A. Fsirogen B. Luteinizing hormone (LI) C. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH D,_ Testosterone SRY protein 0. During embryonic development, the proces: of sevual differentiation begins around week 7 of gestat ‘The presence of a specific hormone is key to the regression of the Mallerian ducts in mates. Winieh of th following hormone is responsible for this process? A, Estrogen Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) CC. Luteinizing hormone (L D. Anti-Mallerian hormone E. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Hi. A pregnant woman undergoes a routine ultrssound. and the witrasonologist noted that the uterus apt to have a double cavity. This abnormality suz2ests a potential failure of fusion of the Mallerian duets. Which of the following developmental anomaly is consistent with this observation? A. Uterine didelphys B. Unicornuate uterus reproductive system in of the indifferent gonads into either testes oF ovaries. Which of the responsible for (he differentiation of indifferent gonads into testes? C,,Bicomnuate uterus 2 Seprate uterus E. Uterine agenesis Scanned with |\CamScanner‘One ki ‘Two Kidneys with 5. Congenit 16. A pediatrician whi = = 4 Allantois Mesonephric dict D. Cloaca E. Pronephros 17. An anatomi structures ae prance BB. Mesonephros woth kidneys. Winich « 1s, 4 patient is found to have a conge ie the Kidneys? following is the primary function of the A. Inducing the formation of renal cortex imulating the development « C. Forming the collecting system © D. Developing the renal arteries E. Creating the renal eapsule 19, Which of the following parts of nephron is Bowman's capsule B. Proximal convulated tubule CC. Thin segment of loop of Henle D. Thick segment of loop of Henle E. Collecting duets 20. Which of the following isan emergency indication of A. increased blood urea B. Increased serum creat €. Severe edema Uremic pericarditis Acidosis 21. Which of the following substance is used! to measure GHC? A. nul B. PAHA C, Creatinine D. Glucose E. Mannitol 22. Most of the absorpt 4 PCT B. DCT C. Loop of Henle D. Collecting tubules E. Collecting duct 23. The transport of glucose in the renal tubular cells occurs vit A, Facilitated Diffusion Q $6 Secondary active transport with sodium impermeable to water but allows reabsorption of [Link]. & § of renal tubules C. Simple diffusion B/ Concentration gradient E. When the plasma [Link] of glucose falls Scanned with |\CamScanner© 34. When one of the A. Liver © Kidney 38. The main cation of extracettutar fv 36. Main cai B Magnes Potassium E. Chloride 37. Parenteral adi {uid to tracellular fd leads AC Sodium B. Povassian b. Coppsr soo wing is the main buffer o( extracellular Nuid? ong the follo Bicarbonate buffer 1B Phosphate butter . Proven butter D. Hemoglobin butter £. Ammonia baffer 39. The buffering capacity of hemoglobin is main following amino act ‘A. Lysine B. Antinine . Leucine D. Isoleucine E. Histidine 440, ‘The normal range of physiologic pl is: A. 128-735 B__7.30-7.40 735-745 D. 740-750 E. 745-755 41, Which one among the following compartments is more acta A, Extracellular fuid @/ Intracellular Nuid C. Imersttial Nid D. Mitochondria E. Intermembrane mitochondrial space § 38, Whit de to te presence of large m otich one of the Fallowing toms From ext aber of which one of the Scanned with | |CamScanner™eM of ahem tater tn oR sexropin releasing Hernan y AO WH ating hormone (SIH) acts rhroagh os hiciv one af the Ft a C-Tyrosine Kinase 48° Cyclic Adenoxine Monophosphate (CAM E__ FSH hormone acts by binding is re 44a. [Link] okt male was admitted in mestcine wart os imation, be wats fon & vasculal Met Seen iver cere Teer of wich 8, Damcrotesosteone > Estrogens | Progestins Pee ¢ of plasma membrat NU These hormones act the sescnt on outer suPlace Of plasma mernt B. These hormones bind to their recep cleotide seque ns weds wucleus to form a complex which alters The receplors of estrogens are present isis lls and When activated they we embedded tmernbrane to bind with the hormone mutiny D. Estrogens bind to their receptors to form a complex whi activated Ue influx oF ealchury and st protein kinase ¢ enzymes. E. These hormones. act throu called estrogen response elemieits a is brought about by 44. iF fertilization oF ovum by sperm does not occur, the rewvession of corpus tute is brought about Jf which one among the following prostayanclins by the uterus? snes by binding to special sequences on P” A. PGI2a 8, PGE2a PGHI2a D. PGGa PGF2a ipl wadrogen 2 dndrostensione Pregnenolone E Ancretrons 46. The aes form of male sex hormone: BAndrostenedione C. Dityértetosterone D, Dehydoepiandrserone . Androsterne Scanned with | |CamScanner™>. SW vied of the following is # potass C. Nydrochlorothiazide D._ Mannitol &Spironolactone ‘So. Thiazide Diuretics acts on A. Proximal convoluted ruby B. Thick ascending limb of Distal convoluted tubule D. Cortical collec ibule E, Thin descending limb Scanned with |\CamScannerD. Renat pelvis Bladder neck " tie procedure tu assess bekghts, with real reason for this differcace in posit The presence of t sid The position of the epleen on the left side CC. Variations in the length of the nenal arte D. Asymmetry of the renal pelvis The size of the adrenal glands ‘A so-year-old male presents with gross hematuria. © 1 (Vinten of the following structures is most likely compre A. Renal artery B._Renal vein €7Ureter Lymphatic vessels E. Inferior vena cave Gc During surgery, 2 surgeon cHrefully avoids damaying the nerve Thers supplying Whe Kidney > al cord levels primarily contribute ( (he SsmpaAthevic INNETVation of the kids reveals a mass in front of the re; py the mass in this tocation? ed renal function and Urinary Fetention. Upon evalua 7. Apatient presented with deer a Which part of the lancrvation is primay ihat the pelvic splanchnic nerves are affected, A 6. Nervation te the kidney nnervation to the b Somatic innervation of the urethra inervation of the renal pelvis c innervation to the ureter c. D. 6.CC Anovulatory. 1D. Endometrial hyperplasia Endometriosis The most commonty feared complieatio Ractere Volvo vagin infertility oss of puberty (reduced growth: | 0. 12-year girl is diagnosed with primary hypos marty (epaaced hair, primary amenorrhea. short stature). A._ Progesterone Estrog C._ HRT (hormone replacement therapy >. Raloxifene E. Clomiphene Scanned with | |\CamScanner