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02.
Set, Relation and Function
Formula Symmetric relation: A relation R on a set A is said
Laws of Algebra of sets (Properties of sets): to be a symmetric relation
Commutative law: (A ∪ B) = B ∪ A ; A ∩ B = B iff (a, b) ∈ R ⇒ (b, a) ∈R for all a, b ∈ A. i.e. a R b
∩A ⇒ b R a for all a, b ∈ A.
Associative law: (A ∪ B) ∪ C = A ∪ (B ∪ C) ; (A Transitive relation: Let A be any set. A relation R
∩ B) ∩ C = A ∩ (B ∩ C) on A is said to be a transitive relation
Distributive law: iff (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R ⇒ (a, c) ∈ R for all a, b,
A ∩ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩(A ∪ C); A∩ (B ∪ C) = c∈A
(A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C) i.e. a R b and b R c ⇒ a R c for all a, b, c ∈ A
De-morgan law: (A ∪ B)' = A' ∩ B' ; (A ∩ B)' = A' Equivalence relation: A relation R on a set A is
∪ B' said to be an equivalence relation on A iff
Identity law: A ∩ U = A ; A ∪ φ = A it is reflexive i.e. (a, a) ∈ R for all a ∈A
Complement law: A ∪ A' = U, A ∩ A' = φ, (A')' = it is symmetric i.e. (a, b) ∈ R ⇒ (b, a) ∈ R for
A
all a, b ∈ A
Idempotent law: A ∩ A = A, A ∪ A = A
it is transitive i.e. (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R ⇒ (a,
Some Important results on number of elements in
sets: c) ∈ R for all a, b and c ∈ A
If A, B C are finite sets and U be the finite universal
set then Set, Operation on Set and Venn
Type I
n(A ∪ B) = n(A) + n(B) –n(A ∩ B) Diagram
n(A – B) = n(A) – n(A ∩ B)
n(A ∪ B ∪ C) = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) – n(A ∩ B) – 1. The number of elements in the set
n(B ∩ C) – n(A ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) S {(x,y,z) : x,y,z Z,x 2y 3z 42,x,y,z 0}
Number of elements in exactly two of the sets A, B, equals________ .
C = n(A ∩ B) + n(B ∩ C) + n(C ∩ A) –3n(A ∩ B ∩
C)
JEE Mains 01/02/2024 Shift-I
Number of elements in exactly one of the sets A, B,
Ans.(169) : We have,
C = n(A) + n(B) + n(C) –2n(A ∩ B) –2n(B ∩ C) –
2n(A ∩ C) + 3n(A ∩ B ∩ C) x + 2y + 3z = 42, x, y, z ≥ 0
Types of relations: ⇒ x+ 2y = 42 – 3z
In this section we intend to define various types of There are following cases-
relations on a given set A. 1) z = 0 x + 2y = 42 → 22 case
Void relation: Let A be a set. Then φ ⊆ A × A and 2) z = 1 x + 2y = 39 → 20 case
so it is a relation on A. This relation is called the 3) z = 2 x + 2y = 36 → 19 case
void or empty relation on A. 4) z = 3 x + 2y = 33 → 17 case
Universal relation: Let A be a set. Then A × A ⊆ A 5) z = 4 x + 2y = 30 → 16 case
× A and so it is a relation on A. This relation is
called the universal relation on A. 6) z = 5 x + 2y = 27 → 14 case
Identity relation: Let A be a set. Then the relation 7) z = 6 x + 2y = 24 → 13 case
IA = {(a, a): a ∈ A} on A is called the identity 8) z = 7 x + 2y = 21 → 11 case
relation on A. In other words, a relation IA. on A is 9) z = 8 x + 2y = 18 → 10 case
called the identity relation if every element of A is 10) z = 9x + 2y = 15 → 8 case
related to itself only. 11) z = 10 x + 2y = 12 → 7 case
Reflexive relation: A relation R on a set A is said to
12) z = 11 x + 2y = 9 → 5 case
be reflexive if every element of A is related to itself.
Thus, R on a set A is not reflexive if there exists an 13) z = 12 x + 2y = 6 → 4 case
element a ∈A such that (a, a) ∉R. 14) z = 13 x + 2y = 3 → 2 case
Note: Every identity relation is reflexive but every 15) z = 14 x + 2y = 0 → 1 case
reflexive relation in not identity. Therefore the number of elements in the set = 169.
14 YCT
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2. A group of 40 students appeared in an 4. Let S be the set of positive integral values of a
examination of 3 subjects – Mathematics, ax 2 + 2(a + 1)x + 9a + 4
Physics and Chemistry. It was found that all for which < 0, ∀x ∈ ℝ .
x 2 – 8x + 32
students passed in atleast one of the subjects,
Then, the number of elements in S is:
20 students passed in Mathematics, 25 students
passed in Physics, 16 students passed in (a) ∞ (b) 3
Chemistry, atmost 11 students passed in both (c) 0 (d) 1
Mathematics and Physics, atmost 15 students JEE Mains 31/01/2024 Shift-I
passed in both Physics and Chemistry, atmost Ans. (c) : We have,
15 students passed in both Mathematics and ax 2 +2(a + 1)x + 9a + 4
Chemistry. The maximum number of students <0
x 2 – 8x + 32
passed in all the three subjects is _______.
D = 64 – 4 × 32 < 0
JEE Mains 30/01/2024 Shift-I
&a=1>0
Ans.(10) : According to question,
∴ x 2 – 8x + 32 > 0 ∀ x ∈ R
n(M) = 20, n(P) =25, n(C) = 16
ax 2 + 2(a + 1)x + 9a + 4 < 0 ∀ x ∈ R
Only possible when,
a<0&D<0
But we need positive integral value of a.
So,
S =0
5. Let A and B be two finite sets with m and n
11 x 0 15–x ≥ 0 elements respectively. The total number of
x 11 x ≤15 subsets of the set A is 56 more than the total
x = number of student pass in all 3 subjects. number of subsets of B. Then the distance of
Max(x) = 11 it is not possible −2,−
the point P (m,n ) from the point Q (− −3) is.
Max (x) = 10 (a) 10 (b) 6
(c) 4 (d) 8
3. Let the set S = {2, 4, 8, 16, .....,512} be partitioned
into 3 sets A, B, C with equal number of elements JEE Mains 27/01/2024 Shift-II
such that A ∪ B ∪ C = S and A ∩ B = B ∩ C = Ans. (a) : A and B be two finite sets with m and n
A ∩ C = φ. The maximum number of such elements.
possible partitions of S is equal to: Given, 2m = 2n+56
(a) 1680 (b) 1520 2m–2n = 56
(c) 1710 (d) 1640 2 (2 –1) = 56 = 23×7
n m–n

JEE Mains 05/04/2024 Shift-II n = 3 2m–n = 8

Ans. (a) : According to question, m=6
∴ P(m, n) = P(6, 3) and Q(–2, –3)
Distance between P and Q are-
PQ = 64 + 36 = 10
6. If S = {a ∈ R : |2a – 1| = 3[a] + 2 {a}}, where [t]
denotes the greatest integer less than or equal
to t and {t} represent the fractional part of t,
then 72∑ a is equal to ________.
S = {2,2 2 , 23.........29 } a∈S

n (S) = 9 JEE Mains 05/04/2024 Shift-I

Maximum number of possible partition of S Ans. (18) : Given,
= 9C3 × 6C3 × 3C3 S = {a ∈ R : |2a – 1| = 3[a] + 2 {a}}
9! 6! |2a – 1| = 3[a] + 2{a}
= × ×1
3! 6! 3! 3! |2a – 1| = [a] + 2a
9×8× 7 6× 5× 4 Case-1: a >
1
= × ×1
3× 2 3× 2 2
= 84×20 2a – 1 = [a] + 2a
=1680 [a] = –1 ∴a ∈ [–1, 0) Reject
15 YCT
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1 ⇒ n = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} ... (ii)
Case -2 a < From (i) ∩ (ii)
2
–2a + 1 = [a] + 2a N = {2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8}
– 2a + 1 = 0 + 2a So, Number of elements in the set = 6
4a = 1 9. The number of elements in the set {n ∈ N : 10 ≤
Hence, a =
1 n ≤ 100 and 3n – 3 is a multiple of 7} is _____
4
1 JEE Mains 15/04/2023 Shift-I
Therefore, 72∑ a = 72 × = 18
a∈S 4 Ans. (15) :
7. In a survey of 220 students of a higher n ∈ [10, 100]
secondary school, it was found that at least 125 3n – 3 is multiple of 7
and at most 130 students studied Mathematics; 3n = 7λ + 3
at least 85 and at most 95 studied Physics; at n = 1, 7, 13, 20, …..97
least 75 and at most 90 studied Chemistry; 30
Number of possible values of n = 15
studied both Physics and Chemistry; 50 studied
both Chemistry and Mathematics; 40 studied 10. Let A = {x ∈ ℝ : [x + 3] + [x + 4] ≤ 3},
both Mathematics and Physics and 10 studied  x–3

 ∞ 3 
none of these subjects. Let m and n respectively B =  x ∈ ℝ : 3x  ∑ r  < 3 –3x  , where [t]
be the least and the most number of students   r=1 10  
who studied all the three subjects. Then m + n denotes greatest integer function. Then,
is equal to _____
(a) A ⊂ B, A ≠ B
JEE Mains 04/04/2024 Shift-I (b) A ∩ B = φ
Ans. 45 (c) A = B
(d) B ⊂ C, A ≠ B
JEE Mains 06/04/2023 Shift-I
Ans. (c) :
A = {x ∈ ℝ : [x + 3] + [x + 4] ≤ 3},
[x] + 3 + [x] + 4 ≤ 3
2[x]+ 7 ≤ 3
2[x]≤ – 4
[x]≤ – 1
n(M∪P∪C) = 220 –10 = 210 A ⇒ x∈ (–∞, –1)
n(M) ∈ [125, 130]   ∞ 3 
x –3

n(P) ∈ [85, 95] B =  x ∈ R : 3x  ∑ r  < 3–3x 
n (C) ∈ [75, 90]   r=1 10  
125 ≤ m + 90 – x ≤ 130 ...(i)
x –3
 ∞ 3 
85 ≤ P + 70 – x ≤ 95 ...(ii) 3x  ∑ r  < 3–3x ...(i)
 r=1 10 
75 ≤ C + 80 – x ≤ 90 ...(iii) ∞
3 3 3 3 3
Also, m + P + C + 120 – 2x = 210 ∑r =1 10
r
= + 2 + 3 + ....... + ∞
10 10 10 10
15 ≤ x ≤ 45 & 30 – x ≥ 0
15 ≤ x ≤ 30 3 1 1 
= 1 + + 2 + ...... 
30 + 15 = 45 10  10 10 
8. The number of elements in the set {n ∈ Z:| n2 –  
10n + 19|< 6} is ______. 3  1  3 10 1
JEE Mains 10/04/2023 Shift-I =  = × =
10  1 − 1  10 9 3
Ans. (6) : We have,
 10 
–6 < n2 –10n + 19 < 6
⇒ n – 10n + 25 > 0
2 From equation (i)
x −3
⇒ (n – 5) > 0
2
 ∞
3 
3x  ∑ r  < 3−3x
⇒ n ∈ Z – {5} ... (i)  r =1 10 
and n2 –10n + 13 < 0 x −3
1
⇒5–2 3 <n<5+2 3 3x   < 3−3x
⇒ 1.6 < n < 8.4  3 

16 YCT
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13. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and B = {3, 6, 7, 9}.
( 3)
x − x +3
< 3−3x
Then the number of elements in the set {C ⊆ A
33 < 3–3x : C ∩ B ≠ φ} is _______.
3< – 3x JEE Main-26.07.2022, Shift-II
x<–1 Ans. (112) : Given,
B ⇒ x < –1 A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and B = {3, 6, 7, 9}.
Hence, A = B ∵ The number of subset = 2n
11. An organization awarded 48 medals in event Then, number of subset A = 27
'A', 25 in event 'B' and 18 in event 'C'. If these = 128
medals went to total 60 men and only five men C ∩ B = φ when set C contains the elements
got medals in all the three events, then how C = {1, 2, 4, 5}
many received medals in exactly two of three S = {C ⊆ A ; C∩ B ≠ φ}
events? = Total – (C ∩ B = φ)
(a) 15 (b) 9 = 128 – 24 = 128 – 16 = 112
(c) 21 (d) 10 14. The number of elements in the set
JEE Mains 11/04/2023 Shift-I { }
n ∈ Z : n 2 – 10n + 19 < 6 ` is ________.
Ans. (c) : Given,
JEE Main-10.04.2023, Shift-I
n (A) = 48
Ans. (6) : Given,
n (B) = 25
n∈Z: | n 2 − 10n + 19 |< 6
n (C) = 18
⇒ ( n − 5) − 6 < 6
2
n(A∪B∪C) = 60 [Total]
n(A∩B∩C) = 5
⇒ –6 < (n –5)2 –6 < 6
0 <(n –5)2 < 12
⇒ (n –5)2 = 1,4,9
⇒ n –5 = ±1, ±2, ±3
So, the number of elements in the set is 6.
15. A survey shows that 63% of the Indians like tea
whereas 76% like coffee. If x% of the Indians
like both tea and coffee, then
n (A ∪ B∪C) = n (A) +n(B) + n(C) –n (A ∩ B) – n(B ∩ (a) x = 39 (b) x = 63
C)–n(A ∩ C) + n(A ∩ B ∩ C) (c) 39 ≤ x ≤ 63 (d) none of these
60 = 48 + 25+18 – (x +5) – (z + 5) – (y+5) +5 JEE Main 04.09.2020 Shift-I
x + y + z = 21 Ans. (c) : Given, number of the Indians like tea –
n(T) = 63
12. Let S= {1, 2,3,5, 7,10,11} . The number of non- Number of the Indians like coffee
empty subsets of S that have the sum of all n(C) = 76
elements a multiple of 3, is _____. And number of the Indians like both tea and coffee
n(T ∩ C) = x
JEE Mains 25/01/2023 Shift-I Then, n(T ∪ C) = n(T) + n (C) – n (T ∩ C)
Ans. (43) : Elements of the type 3k = 3 100 = 63 + 76 –x
Elements of the type 3k + 1 = 1, 7, 9 x = 139 –100
Element of the type 3k + 2 = 2, 5, 11 x = 39
Subsets containing one element S1 = 1 Also, n (T ∩ C) ≤ n(T)
Subsets containing two elements x ≤ 63
S2 = 3C1 × 3C1 = 9 So, 39 ≤ x ≤ 63
Subsets containing three elements 16. Let A = {n ∈ N : H.C.F. (n, 45) = 1} and
3 3
S3 = C1 × C1 + 1 + 1 = 11 Let B = {2k : k ∈{1, 2,....,100}}. Then the sum of
Subsets containing four elements all the elements of A ∩ B is_____.
S4 = 3C3 + 3C3 + 3C2 × 3C2 = 11 JEE Main-26.06.2022, Shift-I
Subsets containing five elements Ans. (5264) : Given, A = {n∈N : H. C. F. (n, 45) = 1}
S5 = 3C2 × 3C2 × 1 = 9 And, B = {2k : k∈ {1, 2, 3 …….100}
Subsets containing six elements S6 = 1 Since, 45 = 32 × 5
Subsets containing seven elements S7 = 1 Then, A must be a set that does not consist of either 3
⇒ sum = 43 multiples or 5 multiples.
17 YCT
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⇒ A = {1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 13 ……} S= 1× 3 + 2 × 5 + 3 × 7 + ... + 10 × 21
And, B = {2, 4, 6, …….200} 10
So, A ∩ B = {1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, ……} ∩ = ∑ r ( 2r + 1)
r =1
{2, 4, 6, 8,.…….,200}
⇒ A ∩ B = {2, 4, 8, 14, ……,200} 10 10

Since, find the sum of the element in A ∩ B. = 2 ∑r +∑r

r =1
2

r =1
Then,
⇒ [ 2 + 4 + 8 + 14 + ………+ 200] 2 ×10 × 11 × 21 10 ×11
= +
⇒ 2 [1 + 2 + 4 + 7+ ……….+ 100] 6 2
⇒ 2 [sum of the natural number up to 100 – sum of = 770 + 55
multiples (3, 5)] = 825
100 × 101 3 ( 33 × 34 ) 5× 20 × 21 15 × 6 × 7  19. Let the number of elements in sets A and B be
⇒ 2 − − +  five and two respectively. Then the number of
 2 2 2 2  subsets of A × B each having at least 3 and at
⇒ 2[ 5050 – 3 (561) – 5(210) + 15 × 21] most 6 elements is:
(a) 752 (b) 772
⇒ 2 [5050 – 1683 – 1050 + 315]
(c) 782 (d) 792
⇒ 2 × 2632 = 5264.
JEE Mains 08/04/2023 Shift-I
Ans. (d) : Given,
Type II Cartesian Product of Sets Number of elements in set A, n (A)= 5
For set n(B) = 2
17. Let the set C = {( x, y ) x 2 – 2y = 2023,x, y ∈ N } . n(A × B) = 10
Then ∑ (x + y) is equal to _____. No of ways of selection of r things out of n things
(x,y)∈C = n Cr
JEE Mains 29/01/2024 Shift-II 10 10 10
= C3 + C4 + C5 + C6 = 792 10

Ans. : (46) We have- 20. Let the number of elements in sets A and B five
x 2 2 y 2023 and two respectively. Then the number of
Let, x = 45 and y = 1,which is satisfying the given subsets of A × B each having at least 3 and at
equation. most 6 element is:
452 = 2025 (a) 792 (b) 752 (c) 782 (d) 772
452 –21=2023 JEE Main-08.04.2023, Shift-I
⇒ x = 45, y = 1 Ans. (a) : Number of element in set A = 5
So, And no. of element in set B = 2
The no. of element in ordered pair A × B = 2 × 5 = 10
(x y) 46. n (A + B) = 10
( x, y) C Then, The number of subsets of A × B each having at
18. Let [α] denote the greatest integer least 3 and at most 6 elements is-
≤ α.Then  1  +  2  +  3  + ...  120  is = 10 C3 + 10 C 4 + 10 C5 + 10 C6
       
We know that,
equal to _____.
JEE Mains 13/04/2023 Shift-II n n!
cr =
r!( n − r )!
Ans. (825) : S =  1  +  2  +  3  + .... +  120 
        10! 10! 10! 10!
= + + +
 1  = [1] = 1 3! × 7! 4!× 6! 5!× 5! 6! × 4!
 
 2  = [1.414] = 1 10 × 9 × 8 × 7! 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6!
= +
  3× 2 ×1 × 7! 4 × 3 × 2 ×1 × 6!
 3  = [1.732] = 1 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 × 5! 10 × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6!
  + +
5 × 4 × 3 × 2 ×1 × 5! 4 × 3 × 2 × 1× 6!
 1  →  3  = 1× 3
    =120 + 210 + 252 + 210 = 792
 4  →  8 = 2×5 21. Let A = {2, 3, 4} and B = {8, 9, 12}. Then the
    number of elements in the relation R = {((a1,
 9  →  15  = 3 × 7 b 1), (a2, b2)) ∈ (A × B, A × B) : a1 divides b2 and
    a2 divides b1} is :
 100  →  120  = 10 × 21 (a) 36 (b) 12 (c) 18 (d) 24
    JEE Main-10.04.2023, Shift-II
18 YCT
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Ans. (a) : Let A = { 2, 3, 4} 24. Consider the relations R1 and R2 defined as
And, B = {8, 9, 12} aR 1b a 2 b 2 1 for all a, b ∈ R and
2 8 (a,b)R 2 (c,d) a d b c for all
3 9 (a, b),(c,d) N N. Then
4 12
(a) R1 and R2 both are equivalence relations
(b) Only R1 is an equivalence relation
a1 divides b2 and a2 divides b1 each element has 2 choice
(c) Only R2 is an equivalence relation
3 × 2 = 6 and 3 × 2 = 6
(d) Neither R1 nor R2 is an equivalence relation
Now total number of elements = 6 × 6 = 36 .
JEE Mains 01/02/2024 Shift-II
Ans. (c) :
Types of Relation and its a R1 b ⇔ a2 + b2 =1 a, b∈R
Type III
Counting For Reflexive-
a R1 b ⇔ a2 + a2 = 1
22. The number of symmetric relations defined on Which is not true ∀ a ∈ R.
the set {1, 2, 3, 4} which are not reflexive is Hence R1 is not reflexive.
______. Therefore, R1 is not equivalence relation.
JEE Mains 30/01/2024 Shift-II (a, b) R2 (c, d) ⇒ a + d = b + c
Ans. : (960) We know that, For reflexive:-
Total number of relation which reflexive and (a, b) R2 (a, b) = a + b = b + a
n2 – n It's true ∀ (a , b) ∈ N × N
2
symmetric both = 2 Hence, R2 is reflexive.
n2 + n
2 For symmetric-
Total number of relation which symmetric = 2
(a, b), (c, d) ∈ N × N
Number of relation which are not reflexive
(a, b) R2 (c, d) = a + d = b + c
n2 + n n2 –n
= 2 2
–2 2 (c, d) R2 (a, b) = c + d = d + a
∴ a+b=b+c
∴ n=4
16+ 4 16–4 (a, b) R2 (c, d) ⇒ (c, d) R2 (a, b) ∀ (a, b), (c, d) ∈N × N
= 2 2 –2 2 Hence R2 is symmetric.
= 210 – 26 For transitive:-
= 26 (16 –1) (a, b), (c, d), (e, f) ∈ N × N
= 64 ×15 = 960 (a, b) R2 (c, d) ⇒ a + d = b + c
23. Let A = {1,2,3,….,20}. Let R1 and R2 be the two (c, d) R2 (e, f) ⇒ c + f = d + e
relation on A such that ∴a+b+c+f=b+d+c+e
R 1 {(a,b) : b is divisible by a} a+f=b+c
(a, b) R2 (e, f)
R2 {(a,b) : a is an integral multiple of b}. Hence, R2 is transitive.
Then, number of elements in R1 – R2 is equal Therefore, R2 is equivalence relation.
to_______. 25. Let S = {1,2,3,…,10}. Suppose M is the
JEE Mains 01/02/2024 Shift-I set of all the subsets of S, then the relation
Ans. (46) : We have, R {(A, B) : A B ; A, B M}is:
A = {1, 2, 3,….20} (a) reflexive only
R1 = {(a, b) : b is divisible by a} (b) symmetric and reflexive only
R1 = {(1,1), (1,2)…(1, 20), (2,2), (2,4)…(2,20) (c) symmetric and transitive only
(3,3), (3,6) ….(3, 18), (4,4), (4,8)….(4,20) (d) symmetric only
(5,5), (5,10) (5,15), (5,20), (6,6), (6,12), (6,18) JEE Mains 27/01/2024 Shift-I
(7,7), (7,14), (8,8), (8,16), (9,9), (9,18), (10,10) Ans. (d) : Let S = {1, 2, 3, ..... 10}
(10, 20), (11, 11), (12, 12)……. (20, 20)}
R = {(A, B) : A ∩B ≠ φ; A, B ∈M}
n ( R1 ) = 20 + 10 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 + .... + 1 For reflexive-
n ( R1 ) = 66 m is subset of 'S'
So, φ ∈ m
∵ n ( R1 − R 2 ) = n ( R1 ) − n ( R1 ∩ R 2 )
for φ ∩ φ = φ
And n (R1 ∩ R2) = {(1,1), (2,2) (3,3) …. (20,20)}=20 but relation is A ∩ B ≠ φ
n(R1 – R2) = 66 – 20 = 46 So it is not reflexive.
19 YCT
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For symmetric, ⇒ 12 – 6 = 6, which is an even integer, satisfying
ARB = A ∩ B ≠ φ the above relation
= BRA = A ∩ B ≠ φ (6, 4) R (3, 1)
So it is symmetric ⇒ 6 – 12 = –6, which is an even integer, satisfying
For transitive the above relation
if A = {(1, 2) (2, 3)} but (3, 4) R (3, 1) does not satisfy relation
B = {(2, 3) (3, 4)} so it is not transitive.
C = {(3, 4) (5, 6)} 28. If R is the smallest equivalence relation on the
ARB and BRC but A does not relate to C so it not set {1, 2, 3, 4} such that {(1, 2),(1, 3)} ⊂ R, then
transitive. the number of elements in R is _____
26. Let the relations R1 and R2 on the set (a) 15 (b) 8
X = {1, 2, 3, ...., 20} be given by (c) 12 (d) 10
R1 = {(x, y) : 2x – 3y = 2} and JEE Mains 29/01/2024 Shift-II
R2 = {(x, y) : –5x + 4y = 0 }. If M and N be the Ans. (d) :Given,
minimum number of elements required to be set {1, 2, 3, 4}
added in R1 and R2, respectively, in order to Smallest equivalence relation ={(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4,
make the relations symmetric, then M + N 4), (3, 1),(2, 1), (2, 3),(3,2), (1, 2), (1, 3)}
equals
Thus, no. of elements = 10
(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 12 (d) 10
JEE Mains 06/04/2024 Shift-I 29. Let a relation R on N×N be defined as:
(x1, y1) R(x2, y2) if and only if x1 ≤ x2 or y1 ≤ y2
Ans. (d) : x = {1, 2, 3, .........20}
Consider the two statements:
R1 = {(x, y) : 2x – 3y = 2}
(I) R is reflexive but not symmetric.
R2 = {(x, y) : –5x + 4y = 0}
(II) R is transitive
R1 ={(4, 2), (7, 4), (10, 6), (13, 8), (16, 10), (19, 12)}
Then which one of the following is true?
For symmetry
(a) Only (II) is correct
={(2, 4), (4, 7), (6,10), (8, 13), (10, 16), (12, 19}
(b) Only (I) is correct
R2 ={(4, 5), (8, 10), (12, 15), (16, 20)}
(c) Both (I) and (II) are correct
For symmetry
(d) Neither (I) nor (II) is correct
R2 ={(5,4), (10, 8), (15,12), (20, 16)}
JEE Mains 04/04/2024 Shift-II
in R1 6 element needed i. e. M = 6
Ans. (b) : All ((x1, y1), (x1, y1)) are is R where
in R2 4 element needed i. e. N = 4
So, the value of M + N = 6 + 4 = 10 element x1, y1 ∈ N ∴ R is reflexive
((1, 1), (2, 3)) ∈ R but ((2, 3), (1, 1)) ∉ R
27. Let A = {2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11} and B = {1, 4, 5, 10,
15} Let R be a relation on A × B define by (a, b) ∴ R is not symmetric
R (c, d) if and only if 3ad – 7bc is an even ((2,4), (3,3))∈R and ((3,3), (1,3))∈R but ((2,4),
integer. Then the relation R is (1,3))∉R
(a) reflexive but not symmetric. ∴ R is not transitive
(b) transitive but not symmetric. 30. Let A = {1,2,3…….100}. Let R be a relation on
(c) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive. A defined by (x,y)∈ ∈R if and only if 2x = 3y. Let
(d) an equivalence relation. R1 be a symmetric relation on A such
JEE Mains 08/04/2024 Shift-II that R R 1 and the number of elements in R1 is
Ans. (c) : A = {2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 11) n. Then, the minimum value of n is_______.
B = {1, 4, 5, 10, 15} JEE Mains 31/01/2024 Shift-II
R is defined as (a, b) R (c, d) such that 3ad – 7bc Ans. :(66) Given,
is an even integer. A {1, 2,...100}
Reflexive : (a, b) R (a, b)
⇒ 3ab – 7ba = –4ab always even so it is reflexive. And R= {(x, y): 2x= 3y}
Symmetric : If 3ad – 7bc = Even ⇒ R {(3, 2), (6, 4), (9, 6)....(99,96)}
Case- I : odd no. odd no. ⇒ n(R) 33
Case-II : even no. even no.
(c, d) R (a, b) ⇒ 3bc – 3ab ∵ R R1 and R1 be a symmetric relation on A i.e
Case-I : odd no. odd no. R1 contains (y,x) such that 2y = 3x
Case-II : even no. even no. i.e, R1 {(3, 2), (6, 4), (9, 6).....(99, 66),
so it has symmetric relation on R (2,3), (4, 6), (6,9)......(66,99)}
Transitive :
(3, 1) R (6, 4) ⇒minimum number of elements in R1 = 66
20 YCT
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31. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Let R be a relation on A Ans. (c): For reflexive:
defined by xRy if and only if 4x ≤ 5y. Let m be (a, b) R (a, b)
the number of element in R and n be the ⇒ ab – ab = 0 is divisible by 5
minimum number of elements from A × A that So, (a, b) R (a,b) ∀ ab ∈ Z
are required to be added to R to make it a ∴ R is reflexive relation.
symmetric relation. Then m + n is equal to: For symmetric:
(a) 24 (b) 23 (a, b) R (b, c)
(c) 25 (d) 26 If ac – b2 is divisible by 5
JEE Mains 06/04/2024 Shift-II Then, –(b2–ac ) is also divisible by 5.
Ans. (c) : Given: 4x ≤ 5y ⇒ (b, c) R (a, b) ∀ a, b, c, d ∈ Z
if x = 1 ∴ R is symmetric relation on R.
So, 4 < 5y i.e (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4) ,(1, 5) For transitive:
x = 2, 8 < 5y i.e (2, 2), (2, 3),(2,4), (2, 5) If (a, b) R (c, d)
x = 3, 12 < 5y i.e. (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5) ⇒ ad – bc divisible by 5 and (c, d) R (e, f)
⇒ cf – de divisible by 5
x = 4, 16 < 5y i.e (4, 4), (4, 5)
ad – bc = 5k1 ∵ k1, k2 ∈Z
x = 5, 20 < 5y i.e (5, 4), (5, 5)
cf – de = 5k2
Then
∴ afd – bcf = 5k1 f
R = {(1,1) , (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4) ,(1, 5), (2, 2), (2, 3),(2,4)
bcf – bde = 5 k2b
(2, 5), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 4), (4, 5), (5, 4), (5, 5)} afd – bde = 5(k1 f + k2 b)
i.e. 16 elements. d ( af – be) = 5 (k1 f + k2 b)
i.e. m = 16 af – be is not divisible by 5 for every a. b, c, d, e, f ∈ Z.
Now to make R a symmetric relation add ∴ R is not transitive.
{(2, 1) (3, 2)(4, 3)(3, 1)(4, 2)(5, 3)(4, 1)(5,2)(5,1)} Thus R is reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
i.e. n = 9 Hence, option (c) is correct.
So m + n = 25 34. Let A = {2, 3, 6, 7} and B = {4, 5, 6, 8}. Let R be
32. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and R = {(1, 2)(2, 3)(1, 4)} be a relation defined on A × B by (a1, b1) R (a2, b2)
a relation on A. Let S be the equivalence such that a1 + a2 = b1 + b2. Then the number of
relation on A such the R ⊂ S and the number of element in R is _________.
elements in S is n. Then, the minimum value of JEE Mains 09/04/2024 Shift-I
n is ________. Ans. (25) : A = {2, 3, 6, 7}
JEE Mains 31/01/2024 Shift-I B = {4, 5, 6, 8}
(a1, b1) R (a2, b2)
Ans. (16) : Given,
a1 + a2 = b 1 + b 2
A = {1, 2, 3, 4} 1. (2, 4) R (6, 4) 2. (2, 4) R (7, 5)
R = {(1, 2)(2, 3)(1, 4)} 3. (2, 5) R (7, 4) 4. (3, 4) R (6, 5)
S is equivalence relation, relation must be reflexive, 5. (3, 5) R (6, 4) 6. (3, 5) R (7, 5)
symmetric & transitive. 7. (3, 6) R (7, 4) 8. (3, 4) R (7, 6) ×2
For Reflexive, 9. (6, 5) R (7, 8) 10. (6, 8) R (7, 5)
{(1, 1),(2, 2),(3, 3),(4 ,4)} 11. (7, 8) R (7, 6) 12. (6, 8) R (6, 4)
For Symmetric, 13. (6, 6) R (6, 6)
{(2, 1),(4, 1),(3, 2)} Total 24 + 1 = 25
For transitive, 35. Let R be a relation of ℝ, given by
{(1, 3),(3, 1),(4, 2),(2, 4)}
S = {(1, 1)(2, 2)(3, 3)(4, 4)(1, 2)(2, 1)(2, 3)(3, 2)(1, {
R = ( a,b ) : 3a - 3b + 7 isan irrational number . }
4)(4, 1)(1, 3)(3, 1)(2, 4)(4, 2)(4, 3)(3, 4)} Then R is
All elements are included, (a) reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
∴ The number of elements are 16 (b) an equivalence relation
33. Let R be a relation on Z × Z defined by (a, b) R (c) reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive
(c, d) if and only if ad–bc is divisible by 5. Then (d) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
R is : JEE Mains 01/02/2023 Shift-I
(a) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric Ans. (c) :
(b) Reflexive, symmetric and transitive {
R = ( a,b ) : 3a – 3b + 7 is an irrational number }
(c) Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
Reflexive - let (a, a)∈R
(d) Reflexive but neither symmetric not transitive
JEE Mains 29/01/2024 Shift-I ⇒ 3a − 3a + 7 = 7
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(a, a) : 7 ∈R is an irrational number and it is 37. Let A = {-4,-3,-2,0,1,3,4} and R =
Reflexive over R.
for symmetric-
{( a,b ) ∈A × A : b =| a |or b 2
}
= a + 1 be a relation
on A. Then the minimum number of elements,
 7  that must be added to relation R so that it
Let  ,0  ∈ R
 3  becomes reflexive and symmetric, is ______.
JEE Mains 13/04/2023 Shift-II
7
⇒ 3× − 3 × 0 + 7 = 2 7 ∈ Qc ,i.e. 2 7 is an Ans. (7) : A = {−4, −3, −2, 0,1,3, 4} and R =
3
irrational no. {( a, b ) ∈A × A : b =| a |or b 2
=a +1 }
 7 R = ( −4, 4 ) , ( −3,3) , ( 3, −2 ) , ( 0,1) , ( 0, 0 ) , (1,1) , ( 4, 4 ) , ( 3,3) 
but for  0, 
3
  For reflexive, add ⇒ ( −2, −2 ) , ( −4, −4 ) , ( − 3, −3)

3(0) − 3 ×
7
+ 7 = 0 ∉ Q C ,i.e. not an irrational no. For symmetric, add ⇒ ( 4, −4 ) , ( 3, −3) , ( −2,3) , (1, 0 )
3 Total = 3 + 4 = 7
 7 38. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and R be a relation on the
⇒  0, ∉R set A × A defined by R = {((a, b, (c, d):2a + 3b =
 3 
4c + 5d}. Then the number of elements in R is
∴ R is not symmetric. ______ JEE Mains 15/04/2023 Shift-I
For transitive - Ans. (6) : Given,
 7 A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
Let (0, 3) ∈ R and  3, ∈R R = {(a, b), (c, d)}
 3 
2a + 3b = 4c + 5d = α (let)
 7 2a = {2, 4, 6, 8} 4c = {4, 8, 12, 16}
but  0, ∉R
 3  3b = {3, 6, 9, 12} 5d = {5, 10, 15, 20}
So, R is not transitive .
36. Let A = {1, 3, 4, 6, 9} and B = {2, 4, 5, 8, 10}. 5,8,11,14  9,14,19,24 
7,10,13,16  13,18.... 
Let R be a relations defined on A×B such that    
R = {((a1, b1), (a2,b2)): a1≤b2 and b1≤a2}. Then 2a + 3b =   = 4c + 5d =  
 9,12,15,18   17, 22.... 
the number of elements in the set R is 11,14,17, 20  21, 26.... 
(a) 52 (b) 160
(c) 26 (d) 180 Possible value of α = 9, 13, 14, 14, 17, 18
JEE Mains 11/04/2023 Shift-II Pairs of {(a, b), (c, d)} = 6
Ans. (b) : 39. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, ….., 10} and B = {0, 1, 2, 3,
4}. The number of elements in the relation R =
{(a, b) ∈ A × A : 2 (a – b)2 + 3 (a – b) ∈ B} is
___. JEE Mains 06/04/2023 Shift-I
Ans. (18) : Given,
A = {1, 2, 3, 4,.............10}
and B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}

Total element = 5 ×5 = 25
Total Subset = 225
R = {(a, b) ∈ A × A : 2 (a – b)2 + 3(a – b) ∈ B}
= 5(4+3+2+1+0) = 5 ×10 = 50
= 4× 10 = 40 Now 2 (a – b)2 + 3 (a – b) = (a – b) (2 (a – b) + 3)
= 4 ×10 = 40 ⇒ a = b or a – b = –2∈ B
= 2× 10 = 20 When a = b ⇒ 10 order pairs
= 1×10 = 10 Number of order pair, a – b = – 2 ⇒ 8 order pairs
Total = 160 Number of total elements = 18

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40. The number of the relations, on the set {1, 2, 3} Ans. (d) : Given,
containing (1, 2) and (2, 3) which are reflexive
and transitive but not symmetric, is______.
JEE Mains 12/04/2023 Shift-I
Ans. (3) :
A = {1, 2, 3} For a1 divides b2, each elements has 2 choices
For Reflexive (1, 1) (2, 2) (3, 3) ∈R ⇒ 3×2=6
Also, for a2 divides b1, each elements has 2
For transitive : (1, 2) and (2, 3) ∈R ⇒ (1, 3) ∈R choices
Not symmetric : (2, 1) and (3, 2) ∉ R ⇒ 3×2=6
R1 = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3)} ∴ Number of elements in R = 6 × 6 = 36
R2 = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3), (2, 1)} 44. Among the relations
R3 = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3), (2, 1)} a
S = {( a,b ) : a,b ∈ R - {0}, 2 + > 0}
41. Let A = {0, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} and R be the b
relation defined on A such that R = {x, y) ∈ A × and T = {( a,b ) : a,b ∈ R, a2 – b 2 ∈ Z},
A : x – y is odd positive integer or x – y = 2}.
(a) Both S and T are symmetric
The minimum number of elements that must
(b) S is transitive but T is not
be added to the relation R, so that it is a
(c) Neither S nor T is transitive
symmetric relation, is equal to ____. (d) T is symmetric but S is not
JEE Mains 31/01/2023 Shift-II
JEE Mains 08/04/2023 Shift-I Ans. (d) : From 2nd relation T = a2 – b2 = – I a, b ∈R
Ans. (19) : Given, Then, (b, a) on relation T
A = {0, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} ⇒ b2 – a2 = – I b, a ∈R
R = {x–y = odd positive integer x –y = 2} ∴ T is symmetric
Here, 3,7,9, are odd number i.e. 3C1 Now, from equation first
 a 
0,4,6,8,10 are even number so 5C1 S = (a, b) :a, b ∈ R − {0}, 2 + > 0 
 b 
minimum order pair to be added must be = 15 + 4 = 19
a
R ={(6, 4),(8, 6),(9, 7),(10, 8),(3, 0), (7, 0), (9, 0), (4, 3), 2+ > 0
(6, 3), (8, 3), (10, 3), (7, 4), (9, 4), (7, 6), (9, 6), (8, 7), b
a
(10, 7), (9, 8), (10, 9)} ⇒ > −2,
Hence 19 element should be add in R for making its. b
b −1
42. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. Then the relation R ⇒ <
= {(x, y) ∈A × A : x + y = 7} is a 2
If (b, a) one relation S then
(a) Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive
b
(b) Transitive but neither symmetric nor reflexive 2 + not necessarily positive
a
(c) An equivalence relation ∴ S is not symmetric
(d) Reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive 45. Let R be a relation on N× ×N defined by (a, b) R (c,
JEE Mains 08/04/2023 Shift-II d) if and only if ad (b–c) = bc (a–d). Then R is
Ans. (a) : Sol. (a) transitive but neither reflexive nor symmetric
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} (b) symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive
R = {(x, y) ∈ A×A : x + y = 7} (c) symmetric and transitive but not reflexive
(d) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
y=7–x
JEE Mains 31/01/2023 Shift-I
R = {(1, 6) (2, 5) (3, 4) (4, 3) (5, 2) (6, 1)}
Ans. (b) : (a, b) R (c, d) ⇒ ad (b – c) = bc (a–d)
Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive
Symmetric :
R = {(1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 2), (6, 1)}
(c, d) R (a, b) ⇒ cb (d–a) = da (c– b)
43. Let A = {2, 3, 4} and B = {8, 9, 12}. Then the ⇒ bc = ( a − b ) = ad ( b − c )
number of elements in the relation R = {((a1,
Reflexive :
∈ (A × B, A × B) : a1 divides b2 and
b1), (a2, b2))∈
a2 divides b1} is (a, b) R (a, b) ⇒ ab (b – a) ≠ ba (a – b) ⇒
Not reflexive
(a) 18 (b) 24
Transitive : (2, 3) R (3, 2) and (3, 2) R (5, 30) but
(c) 12 (d) 36
((2, 3), (5, 30) ∉ R ⇒ Not transitive
JEE Mains 10/04/2023 Shift-II
23 YCT
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46. The minimum number of elements that must Subsets containing four elements
be added to the relation R = {(a, b), (b, c)} on S4 = 3C3 + 3C3 + 3C2 × 3C2 = 11
the set {a, b, c} so that it becomes symmetric Subsets containing five elements
and transitive is: S5 = 3C2 × 3C2 × 1 = 9
(a) 7 (b) 3 Subsets containing six elements S6 = 1
(c) 5 (d) 4 Subsets containing seven elements S7 = 1
JEE Mains 30/01/2023 Shift-I ⇒ sum = 43
Ans. (a) : Given relation R = {(a, b), (b, c)} 49. The minimum number of elements that must
For symmetric (a, b), (b, c) ∈R be added to the relation R = {(a, b), (b, c), (b,
⇒ (b, a), (c, b) ∈R d)} on the set {a, b, c, d} so that it is an
For transitive, (a, b), (b, c) ∈R equivalence relation, is _______.
(a, c) ∈R JEE Mains 24/01/2023 Shift-II
Now, For symmetric– ∵ (a, c) ∈R ⇒ (c, a) ∈R Ans. (13) : Set = {a, b, c, d}
R = {(a, b), (b, c), (b, d)}
And, For transitive– ∵ (a, b), (b, a) ∈R To make the given relation R as an equivalence
⇒ (a, a) ∈R relation-
And, (b, c), (c, b) ∈R Reflexive → (a, a), (b, b), (c, c), (d, d)
⇒ (b, b) & (c, c) ∈R Symmetric → (a, b) ∈R
Therefore, elements to be added ⇒ (b, a) ∈R
{(b, a), (c, b) (a, c) (c, a), (a, a) (b, b), (c, c)} ( a, b ) ( b, c ) ( b, d )
∴ Number of elements to be added = 7
47. Let R be a relation defined on ℕ as a R b if 2s +
( b, a ) ( c, b ) ( d, b )
3b is a multiple of 5, a, b ∈ N. Then R is Transitive→ (a, b) and (b, c) ∈ R
(a) transitive but not symmetric (a, c), (a, d), (c, d), (d, c), (d, a), (c, a)
(b) an equivalence relation n=4
set (A) = n2
(c) not reflexive
set (A) = 42
(d) symmetric but not transitive
set A = 16
JEE Mains 29/01/2023 Shift-II
So, 13 elements more to be added to make an
Ans. (b) : For (a,a) ⇒ 2a+3b equivalence relation.
= 2a+3a = 5a which is divisible by 5 50. The relation R = {(a, {( b)): gcd (a, b) = 1, 2a ≠ b,
So, (a,a) ∈ R , a ∈ N reflexive a, b ∈ Z } is :
Let (a,b) ∈ R ⇒ 2a + 3b = 5k1 (a) reflexive but not symmetric
and 5a + 5b = 5k2 (b) neither symmetric nor transitive
then, (c) symmetric but not transitive
5a + 5b –2a– 3b = 5 (k2–k1) (d) transitive but not reflexive
2b + 3a : 5k JEE Mains 24/01/2023 Shift-I
(b,a) ∈ R is symmetric Ans. (b) : Given that
Let (a,b) and (b, c) both ∈ R R = {(a,b) : gcd (a,b) = 1, 2a ≠ b, a b ∈ z }
2a +3b = 5k1
• For reflexive relation :
2b + 3c = 5k2
(a,a) ⇒ gcd (a,a) = 1
then , 2a + 3b + 3c = 5(k1+ k2)
Which is true for every a ∈ z.
2a + 3c = 5k – 5b
(a,c) ∈ R for transitive ⇒ For symmetric relation:
So, it is equivalence relation- Taking a = 2 , b = 1 ⇒ gcd (2,1) = 1
Also, 2a = 4 ≠b
48. Let S= {1, 2,3,5, 7,10,11} . The number of non- Now, when a = 1, b = 2⇒ gcd (1,2) = 1
empty subsets of S that have the sum of all Also, now 2a = 2 = b
elements a multiple of 3, is _____. Hence, a = 2b
JEE Mains 25/01/2023 Shift-I ⇒ R is not symmetric.
Ans. (43) : Elements of the type 3k = 3 • For transitive relation:
Elements of the type 3k + 1 = 1, 7, 9 Let a = 14, b = 19 , c = 21
Element of the type 3k + 2 = 2, 5, 11 gcd (a,b) = 1
Subsets containing one element S1 = 1 gcd (b,c) = 1
Subsets containing two elements gcd (a,c) = 7
3 3 Hence, R is not transitive.
S2 = C1 × C1 = 9
Subsets containing three elements Therefore, R is neither Symmetric nor transitive.
3 3
S3 = C1 × C1 + 1 + 1 = 11 Thus, option (b) is correct answer.

24 YCT
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51. Let P(S) denote the power set S = {1, 2, 3, ......, {1, 2, 3……50}
10} . Define the relations R1 and R2 on P(S) as And rest for all other two elements each
AR1 B if (A ∩ Bc)∪ (B ∩ Ac) = φ and AR2 B if n(R1) = 6 + 4 + 3 + 3 + (2 × 10) = 36
A ∪ Bc = Ac ∪ B, ∀A, B ∈ P(S). Then: Similarly for R2
(a) Only R1 is an equivalence relation (2, 20), (2, 21)
(b) Both R1 and R2 are not equivalence relations (47, 470), (47, 471)
(c) both R1 and R2 are equivalence relations ∴ n(R2) = 2 × 14 = 28
(d) only R2 is an equivalence relation ∴ n(R1) −n(R2) = 36 − 28 = 8
JEE Mains 01/02/2023 Shift-II 54. Let P(S) denote the power set of S = {1, 2,
Ans. (c) : Given, 3…..,10}. Define the relation R1 and R2 on P(S)
as AR1 B if (A ∩BC) ∪ (B ∩ AC) = φ and AR2B
S = {1, 2,3.........10} , n = 10
if A ∪ BC = B ∪ AC, ∀ A,B ∈ P(S). Then
Total number of element in P(S) = 210 (a) both R1 and R2 are not equivalence relations
AR 1Bis defined as : ( A ∩ Bc ) ∪ ( B ∩ A c ) = φ (b) only R2 is an equivalence relation
(c) only R1 is an equivalence relation
⇒ A ∩ Bc = φ and B ∩ A c = φ
(d) both R1 and R2 are equivalence relations
⇒ A = B. JEE Main-01.02.2023, Shift-II
Thus AR1B is an equivalence relation. Ans. (d) : P (S) = power set S
and AR2B is defined as A ∪ Bc = B ∪ A c∀A, B ∈ P ( S) S = {1, 2, 3, ….10}
c c
⇒ A = B. Given, AR1B ⇒ (A ∩ B ) ∪ (B ∩ A ) = φ
c c
Thus AR2B is an equivalence relation. ⇒ A ∩ B = φ and (B ∩ A ) = φ
So, both of them have an equivalence relation on S. ⇒A=B
52. Let R be a relation from the set {1, 2, ∴ AR1B is an equivalence relation.
c c
3..........,60} to itself such that R = {(a, b) : b = AR2B ⇒ A∪B = B∪A
pq, where p, q ≥ 3 are prime numbers}. Then ⇒ AB
the number of elements in R is : ∴ AR2B is an equivalence relation.
(a) 600 (b) 660 Hence, R1 and R2 are equivalence relation.
(c) 540 (d) 720 55. Let r be a relation from R (set of real numbers)
JEE Main-29.07.2022, Shift-I to R defined by r = {(a, b) | a, b ∈ R and a – b +
Ans. (b) : Given set,
3 is an irrational number}. The relation r is
A = {1, 2, 3, 4 ….60}
(a) an equivalence relation (b) reflexive only
And, function R = {(a, b) : b = pq}
(c) symmetric only (d) transitive only
1 ≤ pq ≥ 60
AMU-2009
Number of possible values of a = 60 for b = pq
JEE Main – 01.02.2023 Shift-1
If p = 3, q = 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19
Ans. (a) : Given,
If p = 5, q = 5, 7, 11
If p = 7, q = 7 r = {a, b | a, b ∈ R}
a = 60 b = 11 And , r ⇒ a – b + 3 is an irrational number.
a.b = 60 × 11 For reflexive relation –
So, the number of elements in R is = 660. Then, aRa = a – a + 3
53. Let R1 and R2 be relations on the set {1, 2, …, ⇒ aRa = 3
50} such that
R1 = {(p, pn) : p is a prime and n ≥ 0 is an And, bRb = b – b + 3 ⇒ bRb = 3
integer} and R2 = {(p, pn) : p is a prime and n = Therefore r is reflexive.
0 or 1}. Then, the number of elements in R1 − For symmetric relation –
R2 is ______. Let, a, b ∈ R
JEE Main-28.06.2022, Shift-I a − b + 3 = b − a + 3 is an irrational number
Ans. (8) : Here, {p, pn} ∈ {1, 2, ….50} b,a ∈ R
Possible choice of P are – Therefore r is symmetric.
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43 and 47. we For transitive relation –
can calculate no. of elements in R1 as (2, 20), (2, 21) .. Let (a, b) ∈ R and (b, c) ∈ R
(2, 25)
(3, 30), …,(3, 33) a − b + 3 = b − c + 3 is an irrational number
(5, 50), …,(5, 52) Now, a − c + 2 3 is an also irrational number
(7, 70), …,(7, 72) ∴ (a, c) ∈ R
(11, 110), …,(11, 111) Thus r is transitive relation
Every number of Pn should lie in the given set Hence, r is an equivalence relation.

25 YCT
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56. The minimum number of elements that must 2a + 5b + 3c = 5(α + β)
be added to the relation R = {(a, b), (b, c)} on 2a + 3c = 5(α + β – b)
the set {a, b, c} so that it becomes symmetric ⇒ aRc
and transitive is : So, 2a + 3c is divisible by 5
(a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 4 (d) 5 ⇒ (a, c) ∈R
JEE Main-30.01.2023, Shift-I Which is transitive.
Ans. (b) : Given relation, Hence, R is equivalence relation.
R = { (a, b) , (b, c)} on the set {a, b, c}
Now, required elements in sets for symmetrices and 59. Let R be a relation on N× ×N defined by (a, b) R (c,
transitive are – d) if and only if ad (b–c) = bc (a–d). Then R is
R = { (a, a), (b, b), (c, c), (b, a), (c, b), (a, c), (c, a) } (a) transitive but neither reflexive nor symmetric
R = { (a, b), (b, c)} (b) symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive
Then, total number is 9. (c) symmetric and transitive but not reflexive
So, minimum 7 elements must be added to becomes (d) reflexive and symmetric but not transitive
symmetric and transitive. JEE Main-31.01.2023, Shift-I
57. The minimum number of elements that must Ans. (b) : Let R be relation defined by (a, b) R (c, d) ⇔
be added to the relation R = {(a, b), (b, c), (b, ad (b – c) = bc (a – d)
d)} on the set {a, b, c, d} so that it is an For reflexive –
equivalence relation, is. (a, b) R (a, b) ⇒ ab (b – a) = ba (a – b)
JEE Main-24.01.2023, Shift-II ∴ It is not reflexive.
Ans. (13) : Given that, R = { (a, b), (b, c), (b, d)} For symmetric ⇒ (a, b) R (c, d) = ad (b – c) = bc
On the set {a, b, c, d} to become equivalence. (a – d) and
For symmetric (c, d) R (a, b) = cb (d – a) = da (c – b)
(b, a) (c, a) (c, d), (d, c) (a, d) (d, a) (a, c) It is true
For reflexive Which is symmetric.
(a, a) (b, b) (c, c) , (d, d) For transitive –
For transitive (a, b) R (c, d) = ad (b – c) = bc (a – d)
(c, b) (d, b) ( c, d) R (e, f) = cf (d – e) = de (c – f)
Total number of element to be added = 7 + 4 + 2 = 13 So,
58. Let R be a relation defined an N as a R b is 2a adcf ( b – c) (d – e) = bcde (c – d) (c – f)
+ 3b is a multiple of 5, a, b ∈ N. Then R is af ( b – c) (d – e) = be (a – d) (c – f)
(a) transitive but not symmetric It is not transitive .
(b) an equivalence relation 60. Among the relations
(c) symmetric but no transitive a
(d) not reflexive S = {(a, b) : a, b ∈ R – {0}, 2 + > 0} and T =
b
JEE Main-29.01.2023, Shift-II {(a, b) : a, b ∈ R, a2 – b2 ∈ Z}.
Ans. (b) : Given Relation, R = {(2a + 3b)} multiple of (a) S is transitive but T is not transitive
5, a, b ∈ N (b) both S and T are symmetric
Let (a, b) ∈R (c) neither S nor T is transitive
f (a, b) = 2a + 3b (d) T is symmetric but S is not symmetric
For reflexive – JEE Main-31.01.2023, Shift-II
f (a, a) = 2a + 3a = 5a Ans. (d) : Given relations
i.e. it is divisible by 5. a
⇒ (a, a) ∈R S = { (a, b) : a, b∈ R – {0} , 2 + > 0 }
For symmetric – b
f (a, b) = 2a + 3b = 5α And, T = { (a, b) : a, b ∈ R, a2 – b2 ∈ Z }.
f (b, a ) = 2b + 3a Now, T = a2 – b2 ∈ Z
Then (b, a) on Relation R
 5α − 3b  b2 – a2∈Z
= 2b +  ×3
 2  Hence T is symmetric.
15α 5 5 For,
= − b = ( 3α − b )
2 2 2  a 
S = ( a, b ) : a, b ∈ R − {0} , 2 + > 0 
5  
= ( 2a + 2b − 2α ) = 5 (a + b – α ) b
2 a a b −1
f (b, a) is divisible by 5 ⇒ ( b, a) ⇒ R 2 + > 0 ⇒ > −2 ⇒ <
For transitive – b b a 2
f (a, b) = 2a + 3b is divisible by 5 If (b, a) ∈ S then,
⇒ 2a + 3b = 5α b
2 + not necessarily positive.
f (b, c) = 2b + 3c, is divisible by 5 a
2b + 3c = 5β So, S is not symmetric.

26 YCT
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61. Let A = {1, 3, 4, 6, 9) and B = {2, 4, 5, 8, 10}. Let 64. Let R1 and R2 be two relations defined as
R be a relation defined on A × B such that R = follows
{((a1, b1 ), (a2, b2)) : a1 ≤ b2 and b1 ≤ a2}. ∈ R2 : a2 + b2 ∈ Q}
R1 = {(a, b)∈
Then the number of elements in the set R is ∈ R2 : a2 + b2 ∉ Q}
R2 = {(a, b)∈
(a) 26 (b) 160 (c) 180 (d) 52 where Q is the set of all rational numbers. Then
JEE Main-11.04.2023, Shift-II (a) R1 and R2 are both transitive
Ans. (b) : Given set, (b) Neither R1 nor R2 is transitive
A = {1, 3, 4, 6, 9) (c) R1 is transitive but R2 is not transitive
and B = {2, 4, 5, 8, 10} (d) R2 is transitive but R1 is not transitive
R = A × B ⇒ {(a1 b1) (a2 b2) : a1 ≤ b2 b1 ≤ a2} JEE Main 03.09. 2020 Shift-II
Let, Ans. (b) : Let R1 and R2 be two relations
a1 = 1 then b2 has 5 choices R1 = {(a, b) ∈ R2 : a2 + b2 ∈ Q}
a1 = 4 then b2 has 4 choices R2 = {(a, b) ∈ R2 : a2 + b2 ∉ Q}
a1 = 6 then b2 has 2 choices For R1 –
a1 = 9 then b2 has 1 choices Consider,
Now,
b1 = 2 then a2 has 4 choices a = 1 + 2 , bb = 1 − 2 and c = 81/4
b1 = 4 then a2 has 3 choices (a, b) ∈ R1 because,
( ) + (1 − 2 )
2 2
b1 = 5 then a2 has 2 a2 + b 2 = 1 + 2
b1 = 8 a2 has 1 choices
So, total number of element =1+2+ 2 2 +1+2– 2 2=6∈Q
R = 160 And (b, c) ∈ R1 because,
62. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. Then the relation R 2
 1
( )
2
= {(x, y) ∈ A × A : x + y = 7} is b + c = 1 − 2 +  84  = 1 + 2 − 2 2 + 2 2 = 3 ∈ Q
2 2

(a) transitive but neither symmetric nor reflexive  

(b) reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive But (a, c) ∉ R1 because,
(c) an equivalence relation
( ) + (8 )
2
1/ 4 2
(d) symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive a2 + c2 = 1 + 2 = 1+ 2 + 2 2 + 2 2
JEE Main-08.04.2023, Shift-II
= 3+ 4 2 ∉Q
Ans. (d) : A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. defined on the set
R = {(x, y) ∈ A × A : x + y = 7} Hence, R1 is not transitive.
R = {(1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 2), (6, 1)} Now, For R2 -
For symmetric:- xRy = yRx Consider, a = 1 + 3 , b = 3 , c = 1– 3
(1, 6) ∈ R, (6, 1) ∈ R and (5, 2) ∈ R, (2, 5) ∈ R (a, b) ∈ R2 because,
So R is symmetric
( ) + ( 3)
2 2

For Reflexive:- xRx a2 + b 2 = 1 + 3

(1, 1) ∉R (2, 2) ∉ R (3, 3) ∉ R and (5, 5) ∉ R = 1 + 3 + 2 3 +3 = 7 + 2 3 ∉ Q
So, R is not reflexive (b, c) ∈ R2 because,
For transitive
( 3 ) + (1 − 3 )
2 2
(1, 6) ∈ R and (6, 1) ∈ R but (1, 1) ∉ R and (2, 5) ∈ R b 2 + c2 =
(5, 2) ∈ R but (2, 2) ∉ R so R is not transitive.
= 3 + 1 +3 = 2 3 = 7 – 2 3 ∉ Q
63. Let A = {0, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} and R be the
But (a, c) ∉ R2 because,
relation defined on A such that R = {(x, y) ∈A ×
( ) ( )
2 2
A : x –y is odd positive integer or x – y = 2}. a2 + c2 = 1 + 3 + 1 − 3
The minimum number of elements that must
be added to the relation R, so that it is a = 1 +3 + 2 3 + 1 + 3 – 2 3 = 8 ∈ Q
symmetric relation, equal to_____ So, R2 is not transitive.
JEE Main-08.04.2023, Shift-I Hence, neither R1 nor R2 is transitive.
Ans. (19) : Given, 65. Let A = {2, 3, 4, 5, ..... 30} and '≃' be an
Set A = {0, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
equivalence relation on A×A, defined by (a, b)
Relation R defined in A.
≃ (c, d), if and only if ad = bc. Then, the
R = [{x, y}∈ A × A : x – y is odd positive
integer or x – y = 2] number of ordered pairs, which satisfy this
R = {(6, 4), (8, 6), (9, 7), (10, 8), (3, 0), (7, 0), equivalence relation with ordered pair (4, 3) is
(9, 0), (4, 3), (6, 3), (8, 3), (10, 3), (7, 9), (9, 4), equal to
(7, 6), (9, 6), (8, 7), (10, 7), (9, 8), (10, 9)} (a) 5 (b) 6
Hence, 19 element should be add in R for making it (c) 8 (d) 7
symmetric. JEE Main 16.03.2021 Shift-II
27 YCT
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Ans. (d) : Given, (2, 3) ∈ R ⇒ 0 <|2–3|≤ 1
Set A = {2, 3, 4, 5, ..... 30} where A×A is defined by ⇒ 0 <|1–1|≤ 1
(a, b) ≃ (c, d). Hence, (a, b) ≃ (c, d) implies that it But (1, 3) ∈ R ⇒ 0 <|1–3|≤ 1
reflexive, symmetric and transitive conditions. ⇒ 0 <|–2|≤ 1
Given, (a, b) ≃ (c, d) Hence, it is not transitive.
ad = bc 68. Define a relation R over a class of n × n real
Now ordered pair (4, 3) matrices A and B as "ARB, if there exists a non
-singular matrix P such that PAP–1 = B''. Then
(4, 3) ≃ (c, d)
which of the following is true?
4d = 3c (a) R is symmetric, transitive but not reflexive.
4 c (b) R is reflexive, symmetric but not transitive.
=
3 d (c) R is an equivalence relation.
(c, d) ∈{2, 3, 4, 5,….. 30} (d) R is reflexive, transitive but not symmetric.
c 4 JEE Main 18.03.2021, Shift-II
= Ans. (c) : A and B are matrices of n × n order and ARB
d 3
(c, d) = (4, 3) (8, 6) (12, 9) (16, 12) (20, 15) if there exists a non-singular matrix P(det (P) ≠ 0)
(24, 18) (28, 21) Such that PAP–1 = B
Hence, n. of order pair = 7. For reflexive –
66. Let R = {(P, Q)|, P and Q are at the same ARA ⇒ PAP–1 = A ….(i) must be true
distance from the origin} be a relation, then the For P = I, Equation (i) is true so ‘R’ is reflexive
equivalence class of (1, –1) is the set For symmetric –
(a) S = {(x, y)|x2 + y2 = 4} ARB ⇔ PAP–1 = B …..(i) is true
(b) S = {(x, y)|x2 + y2 = 1} For BRA if PBP–1 = A ……(ii) must be true
(c) S = {(x, y)|x2 + y2 = 2 } ∵ PAP–1 = B
(d) S = {(x, y)|x2 + y2 = 2} P–1 PAP–1 = P–1B
JEE Main 26.02.2021 Shift-I IAP–1P = P–1BP
Ans. (d) : Equivalence class of (1, –1) is a circle with A = P–1BP …..(iii)
centre. From equation (ii) and (iii) PBP–1 = P–1BP can be true
Radius of circle at (1, –1) from origin some P = P–1
(1 − 0 ) + ( −1 + 0 ) = ⇒ P2 = I (∵ det (P) ≠ 0)
2 2
r= 2
Equation of circle So, R is symmetric.
x2 + y2 = r2 For transitive –
ARB ⇔ PAP–1 = B
( 2)
2 ….is true
x2 + y2 =
BRC ⇔ PBP–1 = C is true
x2 + y2 = 2 Now, P PAP–1P–1 = C
Which is symmetric, reflexive and transitive. P2A (P2)–1 = C
So relation ⇒ ARC
S = {(x, y)| x2 + y2 = 2} So, ‘R’ is transitive relation
is equivalence relation. ⇒ Hence, R is equivalence.
67. Which of the following is not correct for
relation R on the set of real numbers? Properties of Function
Type IV
(a) (x, y)∈R ⇔ 0 < |x|– |y| ≤ 1 is neither and its Graph
transitive nor symmetric.
(b) (x, y)∈ R ⇔ 0 <|x–y|≤ 1 is symmetric and 69. Let f : R R and g : R R be defined
transitive. log e x , x 0 x , x 0
(c) (x, y)∈ R ⇔|x| –| y|≤ 1 is reflexive but not as f (x) x
and g(x) x
.
symmetric e , x 0 e , x 0
(d) (x, y) ∈ R ⇔ |x–y| ≤ 1is reflexive and Then, gof: R R is :
symmetric. (a) one-one but not onto
JEE Main 31.08.2021 Shift-I (b) neither one-one nor onto
Ans. (b) : (x, y)∈ R ⇒ 0 <|x–y|≤ 1 (c) onto but not one-one
(1, 2)∈ R ⇒ 0 <|1–2|≤ 1 (d) both one-one and onto
⇒ 0 <|–1|≤ 1 JEE Mains 01/02/2024 Shift-I
28 YCT
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f (x), f (x) 0 ∴ By observation
Ans. (b): g(f (x)) f (x) α = 1 + 22 + 24 +.... + 218
e , f (x) 0
a ( r n − 1)
ln x, x ≥1 formula
 ln x r −1
g(f (x)) = e , 0 < x < 1
a = 1, n = 10, r = 22
e− x , x≤0
  ( 22 )10 − 1 
 = 2 −1
20
α = 1 2
 2 −1  3
 
3α + 1 = 220 →3α + 1 = (210)2→ 3α + 1 = 210 = 1024
4x + 3 2
71. If f ( x ) = ,x ≠ and (fof) (x) = g(x),
6x – 4 3
2 2 
where g: ℝ –   → ℝ –  , then (gogog) (4) is
3 3 
e− x , x≤0 equal to
 (a) 4 (b) –4
g(f (x)) =  x, 0 < x < 1
lnx, 19 19
 x ≥1 (c) – (d)
20 20
Now graph of gof is JEE Mains 31/01/2024 Shift-I
Ans. (a) : Given that,
4x + 3
f (x) =
6x – 4
 4x + 3 
4f ( x ) + 3
4 +3
= 
6x – 4 
g ( x ) = f {f ( x )} = =x
∵ Range = [0, ∞) ≠ R ⇒ onto function does not exists. 6f ( x ) – 4  4x + 3 
Also if horizontal line intersect the graph two or more 6  – 4
 6x – 4 
than two points then graph is many one and into
⇒ g(x) = x
⇒ gof is neither one-one nor onto. Now,
70. Consider the function f: R → R defined by
2x
{ }
g g {g ( x )} = x
f(x) = . If composition of
1 + 9x 2 g (g (g ( 4))) = 4
210 x Let f(x) = 2x – x2, x ∈ R. If m and n are
72.
f, ( f o f o f o....o f )( x ) = , then the value
1 + 9αx 2 respectively, the number of points at which the
10 times curves y = f(x) and y = f' (x) intersect the x-axis,
of 3α + 1 is equal to.... then the value of m + n is _____.
JEE Mains 29/01/2024 Shift-I
x 2
JEE Mains 04/04/2024 Shift-II Ans. (5) : y = 2 – x meet the x – axis
Ans. :(1024) y=0
⇒ 2x – x2 =0
2 ( 2x )
2x = x2
2f ( x ) 1 + 9x 2
f (f ( x )) =
1 + 9f 2 ( x )  2x 
2

1+ 9 
 1 + 9x 
2

4x
=
1 + 9x 2 + 9.22 x 2
22 x
= Number of point of intersection = 3
1 + 9x 2 + 9.22 x 2
m=3
23 x / 1 + 9x 2 23 x
( )
f f (f ( x )) = =
y = f'(x)
22 x 2 1 + 9x 2 (1 + 2 2 + 2 4 ) y = 2x ln 2 – 2x meet the x-axis at y = 0
1 + 9 (1 + 2 2 )
1 + 9x 2 2x ln 2 = 2x

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75. Let f(x) = x5 + 2ex/4 for all x ∈ R. Consider a
function g(x) such that (g of) (x) = x for all x ∈
R. Then the value of 8g'(2) is:
(a) 16 (b) 4
(c) 8 (d) 2
JEE Mains 04/04/2024 Shift-I
Ans. (a) : Given,
gof(x) = x
Number of point of intersection = 2 g(f (x)) = x
n=2 g'(f (x)) f '(x) = 1
so, m + n = 5 1
73. If a function f satisfies f (m + n) = f(m) + f(n) g' (f (x)) = --------- (i)
f '(x)
for all m, n ∈ N and f(1) = 1, then the largest
natural number λ such that f '(x) = x5 + 2ex/4
2022 1
f '(x) = 5x4 +2ex/4 ×
∑ f ( λ + k )≤ ( 2022 )
2
is equal to ______. 4
k =1
JEE Mains 09/04/2024 Shift-I 1
g'(f (x)) =
Ans. (1010) : f (m + n) = f(m) + f(n) ex / 4
5x +4

⇒ f(x) = kx 2
⇒ f(1) = 1 So, g'(2) means
⇒ k=1 f(x) = 2
f(x) = x So,
2022 f(x) = x5 + 2ex/4
∑ f ( λ + k ) ≤ ( 2022 )
2
Now 2 = x5 + 2ex/4
k=1
This eqn is satisfied
2022

∑ ( λ + k ) ≤ ( 2022 ) When x = 0
2
⇒
k=1 1
2022 × 2023 g'(2) =
⇒ ≤ (2022)2 1
2022λ + 0+
2 2
2023 Where x = 0
⇒ λ ≤ 2022 –
2 g'(2) = 2
⇒ λ ≤ 1010.5 So, 8g' (2) = 8+2 = 16
∴ Largest natural number λ is 1010.
( tan1º ) x + log e (123 ) , x > 0, then the
74. Let f(x) = x5 +2x3 +3x + 1, x ∈ R and g (x) be a 76. If f(x) =
function such that g(f(x)) = x for all x∈ ∈ R. xlog e ( 1234 ) − ( tan1º )

g (7)  4 
Then is equal to: least value of f(f(x)) + f     is:
g'(7)  x 
(a) 7 (b) 42 (c) 1 (d) 14 (a) 2 (b) 4
JEE Mains 05/04/2024 Shift-I (c) 8 (d) 0
Ans. (d) : Given, f(x) = x5 +2x3 +3x + 1 JEE Mains 10/04/2023 Shift-I
f ' ( x ) = 5x 4 + 6x 2 + 3 Ans. (b) : Given,
f ' (1) = 5 + 6 + 3 = 14
f(x) =
( tan1) x + log123
g'(f(x))f '(x) = 1 xlog1234 − tan1
For f(x) = 7 Let A = tan1, B = log123, C = log1234
⇒ x 5 + 2x 3 + 3x + 1 = 7 Ax + B
f (x) =
⇒ x(x4 + 2x2 + 3) – 6 = 0 xC − A
⇒ x=1  Ax + B 
1 1 A +B
g '(7)f '(1) = 1 ⇒ g ' ( 7 ) =  Cx − A 
∴ = f (f ( x )) =
f ' (1) 14  Ax + B 
Now, x = 1, f(x) = 7 ⇒ g(7) = 1
C −A
 Cx − A 
g (7) 1 A 2 x + AB + xBC − AB
= = 14 =
g ' ( 7 ) 1/14 ACx + BC − ACx + A 2

30 YCT
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x ( A 2 + BC ) 79. Consider a function f : IN → IR, satisfying
= =x f(1) + 2f(2) + 3f(3) + .... + xf(x) = x(x + 1)f(x); x
(A 2
+ BC ) ≥ 2 with f(1) = 1.
f (f ( x )) = x Then
1
+
1
is equal to
f ( 2022 ) f ( 2028 )
  4  4
f f   = (a) 8100 (b) 8200
  x  x (c) 8000 (d) 8400
  4 
f (f ( x )) + f  f    JEE Mains 29/01/2023 Shift-II
  x  Ans. (a) : Given that,
∵ AM ≥ GM f : N → R such that f(1) = 1
4 Now, f(1) + 2f(2) + 3f(3) + ........ +xf(x) = x(x + 1) f(x),
x+ ≥4 x≥2
x
Here, f(1) + 2f(2) = 2(2 + 1) f(2)
77. For x ∈R, Two real valued functions f(x) and
⇒ f(1) + 2f(2) = 6 f(2)
g(x) are such that, g(x) = x + 1 and fog(x) = x +
⇒ f(1) = 4f(2)
3 – x . Then f(0) is equal to
f (1)
(a) 5 (b) 0 (c) –3 (d) 1 ⇒f(2) =
JEE Mains 13/04/2023 Shift-I 4
Ans. (a) : Sol. 1
⇒ f(2) = , {∵ f(1) = 1}
g(x) = x +1 4
And f(1) + 2f(2) + 3f(3) = 3(3 + 1) f(3)
fog(x) = x + 3 – x
1
⇒ 1 + 2   + 3f(3) = 12 f(3)
f(g(x)) = ( x + 1) − 3 ( x + 1) + 5
2

4
= g2(x) – 3g(x) + 5 3
Replacing g(x) by x, ⇒ 9f(3) =
2
⇒ f(x) = x2 – 3x + 5
∴f(0) = 5 1
⇒ f(3) =
But, if we consider the domain of the composite 6
function fog(x) then in that case f(0) will be not defined Similarly, f(1) + 2f(2) + 3f(3) + 4f(4) = 4(4 + 1)f(4)
as g(x) cannot be equal to zero. 1 1 1 1
78. The number of points, where the cure y = x5 – ⇒ 16f (4) = 1 + 2 × 4 + 3 × 6 = = 1 + 2 + 2 = 2
20x3 + 50x + 2 crosses the x-axis it ___:
JEE Mains 06/04/2023 Shift-II ⇒ f(4) = 1
Ans. (5) : 8
1
Now, In general, f(x) = , if x = x then
2x
1 1
or f(n) = ⇒ 2n=
2n f (n)
1 1
Here, = 2 × 2022 and = 2 × 2028
y = x5 – 20x3 +50x +2 f ( 2022 ) f ( 2028 )
y ' = 5x4 – 60x2 + 50
1 1
y ' = 5 (x4 –12x2 + 10) = 0 = 4044 and = 4056
f ( 2022 ) f ( 2028 )
x4 – 12x2 + 10 = 0
(x − 6 ) + 10 − ( 6 ) = 0
1 1
2 2 2
now, + = 4044 + 4056 = 8100
f ( 2022 ) f ( 2028 )
(x − 6 ) + 10 − ( 6 ) = 0
2 2 2

80. Let f(x) be a function such that f(x + y) =

(x − 6 ) = 26 f(x).f(y) for all x, y ∈ N. If f(1) = 3 and
2 2

x 2 − 6 = ± 26 ∑ f ( k ) = 3279, then the value of n is

k =1
x 2 = 6 ± 26 (a) 8 (b) 7
x = ± 6 ± 26 (c) 9 (d) 6
The number of points where the curve cuts the x-axis = 5. JEE Mains 24/01/2023 Shift-II

31 YCT
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Ans. (b) : f(x + y) = f(x) . f(y) 7 7 9 9
f(2) = f(1). f(1) = 32 (a) (b) (c) (d)
3 4 2 4
f(3) = f(2) f(1) = 33 JEE Mains 01/02/2023 Shift-II
f (4) = 34 Ans. (d) : f : R – {0, 1} → R
f (n) = 3n
 1 
n
f (x) + f   = 1+ x
∑
k =1
f ( k ) = 3279 1− x 
Put x = 2,
f (1) +f (2) + f(3) +f(4) + ...... + f(n) = 3279 f(2) + f(–1) =3 ...(i)
⇒ 3 + 32 + 33 + ......... + 3n = 3279 Put x = –1,
3 ( 3n − 1) 1
= 3279 f(–1) + f   = 0 ...(ii)
( )
3 − 1 2
(3n –1) = 2(1093) Put x = 1/2
n
3 = 2186 + 1  
1 3
f   + f ( 2) = ...(iii)
3n = 2187 2 2
n 7
3 =3 Subtracting equation (i) and (ii), we get -
n=7
1
f(2) + f(–1) – f(–1) – f(–1) – f   = 3
22x  1   2  2
81. If f ( x ) = 2x , x ∈ R, then f  +f  
2 +2  2023   2023  1
f(2) – f   = 3 ...(iv)
 2022  2
+ ... + f   is equal to
 2023  On adding equation (iii) and (iv), we get-
(a) 2010 (b) 2011 1 1 3
(c) 1011 (d) 1010 f ( 2) − f   + f ( 2) + f   = 3 +
2 2 2
JEE Mains 24/01/2023 Shift-II
9
Ans. (c) : Given, 2f(2) =
x
2
4
f (x) = x 9
4 +2 f(2) =
1− x
4
4 83. If f(x) and g(x) are two polynomials such that
f (1–x) = 1− x
4 +2 the polynomial p(x) = f(x3) + xg(x3) is divisible
4x 41− x by x2 + x + 1, then p(1) is equal to .......
⇒ f(x) + f(1 – x) = 4 x + 2 + 41− x + 2 JEE Main 18.03.2021, Shift - II
Ans. (0) : Given, polynomial,
4x 4 p(x) = f(x3) + x g(x3)
= x +
4 + 2 4 + 2.4x Putting the value of x = 1, we get-
4x 2 4x + 2 p(1) = f(1) + g(1) …..(i)
= x + = x =1 According to question, p(x) is divisible by x2+ x + 1,
4 +2 2+4 x
4 +2 2
p(x) = Q(x) (x + x + 1)
 1   2   3   2022  ∴ p(ω) = 0 = p(ω2) where ω, ω2
⇒ f +
 f  + f  + .......... + f   Non-real cube roots of units,
 2023   2023   2023   2023 
Now, p(x) = f(x3) + x g(x3)
 1   2022  p(ω) = f(ω3) + ω g(ω3) = 0
∴ f +f   =1
 2023   2023  f(1) + ω g(1) = 2 ……(ii)
 2   2021  p(ω2) = f(ω6) + ω2 g (ω6) = 0
f +f   =1 f(1) + ω2 g(1) = 0 …. (iii)
 2023   2023 
⋮ On adding equation (ii) and (iii) we get-
⋮ 2f(1) + (ω + ω2)y (1) = 0
 1011   1012  2f(1) = g(1) ….(iv)
f +f   =1 On subtracting equation (ii) and (iii), we get–
 2023   2023  (ω – ω2) g(1) = 0
⇒ 1 + 1 + 1 + ....... (1011 times) = 1011 From equation (iv), g(1) = 0 = f(1)
82. Let f : R – {0, 1} → R be a function such that Putting the value in equation (i) we get-
 1  p(1) = f(1) + g(1)
f (x) + f   = 1 + x. Then f (2) is equal to
1– x p(1) = 0 + 0 = 0
32 YCT
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84. Consider a function f: N → R, satisfying  1   2   3   99 
f(1) + 2f (2) + 3f(3)+......+ xf(x) = x(x + 1) f(x) : x So, f  +f  +f   + ..... + f  
 100   100   100   100 
1 1
≥ 2 with f(1) = 1. Then + is   1   99     2   98  
f ( 2022 ) f ( 2028 ) = f  +f    + f  +f  
equal to   100   100     100   100  
(a) 8400 (b) 8100   49   51    1 
(c) 8200 (d) 8000 + ……+ f  +f   + f  
  100   100    2 
JEE Main-29.01.2023, Shift-II
2e
Ans. (b) : Given, a function f : N → R, satisfying – = {2 + 2 + 2 + .......49times} +
f(1) + 2f (2) + 3f(3) + ……+ xf(x) = x(x + 1)f (x) e+e
Replace x by x + 1, we get – = 98 + 1
x(x + 1) f(x) + (x + 1)f (x + 1) = (x + 1) (x + 2)f(x + 1) = 99.
x 1 ( x + 2) 86. Let f : N → R be a function such that f (x + y) =
+ = 2f (x) f (y) for natural numbers x and y. If f(1)
f (x + 1) f ( x ) f (x) = 2, then the value of α for which
1 10
xf(x) = (x + 1)f(x + 1) = , x ≥ 2
2 ∑ f (α + k ) =
3
( 2 – 1)
512 20
k =1
1 1
f(2) = , f ( 3) = holds, is
4 6 (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6
1 JEE Main-25.06.2022, Shift-I
Now, f (2022) =
4044 Ans. (c) : Given,
1 f : N → R, f (x + y) = 2 f (x) f (y) ….(i)
f (2028) = f (1) = 2
4056
10 10

So,
1
+
1
= 4044 + 4056 ∑ f ( α + k ) = 2f ( α ) ∑ f ( k )
f ( 2022 ) f ( 2028 ) k=1 k=1

= 8100. = 2f (α){f(1) + f (2) + …. + f(10)} ….(ii)

Form equation (i),
85. Let f : R → R be a function defined
f (2) = 2 f2(1) = 23
2e2x f (3) = 2 f(2) f(1) = 25
f (x) = 2x .
e +e ……………………..
Then ……………………..
 1   2   3   99  …………………….
f +f  +f   + ...... + f   is
 100   100   100   100  f (10) = 29 f10(1) = 219
equal to______. ∴ f (α) = 22α–1 ; α ∈ N
JEE Main-27.06.2022, Shift-I Form equation (ii)
Ans. (99) : Given, a function f : R → R is defined on – 10

2x ∑ f ( α + k ) = 2 ( 22 α –1 )( 2 + 23 + 25 + .... + 219 )
2e
f (x) = 2x …..(i) k=1
e +e  ( 220 – 1) 
Replace (x) by (1 – x), we get – 512 20
( 2 – 1) = 2 2 α  2.



2e ( ) 3 3
2 1− x
f(1 – x) = 2(1− x ) 22α+1 20
e +e 512 20
3
( 2 − 1) =
3
( 2 − 1)
2e 2− 2x
f(1 –x) = 2− 2x ….(ii) Comparing both side, we get–
e +e
On adding equation (i) and equation (ii), we get – 2 2 α+1 = 512
2e 2x 2e 2− 2x 22α+1 = 29
f(x) + f(1 – x) = 2 x + 2α + 1 = 9
e + e e 2− 2x + e
2e 2x
2e × e
2 −2 x 2α = 8
= 2x + 2 −2x Hence, α = 4
e +e e ×e + e
87. Let f(x) = ax2 + bx + c be such that f(1) = 3, f(–
 e 2x
e 2

= 2  2x + 2 2x +1  2) = λ and f(3) = 4. If f(0) + f(1) + f(–2) + f(3) =
 e + e e + e  14 then λ is equal to
 e2 x −1 1  13 23
= 2  2x −1 + 2x −1  (a) –4 (b) (c) (d) 4
e +1 1+ e  2 2
=2 JEE Main-28.07.2022, Shift-II
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Ans. (d): Given, f(x) = ax2 + bx + c (a) 330 (b) 165
Then, f(1) = a + b + c = 3 ….. (i) (c) 190 (d) 255
f(–2) = 4a – 2b + c = λ …… (ii) JEE Main 2017
f(3) = 9a + 3b + c = 4 ……. (iii) Ans. (a) : Given,
∵ f(0) + f(1) + f(–2) + f(3) = 14 f(x) = ax2 + bx + c
a, b, c ∈ R
∴ c + 3 + λ + 4 = 14 f(1) = a + b + c
c+λ=7 f(2) = f(1 + 1) = f(1) + f(1) + 1 = 2f(1) + 1
λ=7–c f(3) = f ( 2 + 1) = f(2) + f(1) + 2
Solving (i) and (ii):- = 2f(1) + 1 + f(1) + 2
2a + 2b + 2c = 6 f (3) = 3f (1) + 3
4a − 2b + c = λ f(4) = f( 3 + 1) = f(3) + f(1) + 3.1
3f(1) + 3 + f(1) + 3
6a + 3c = 6 + λ 4f(1) + 6
From (ii) and (iii):- f(5) = f(4 + 1) = f(4) + f(1) + 4.
12a − 6b + 3c = 3λ = 4f(1) + 6 + f(1) + 4
18a + 6b + 2c = 8 = 5 f(1) + 10
30a + 5c = 3λ + 8 10

Now, we have–
Now, ∑ f ( n ) = f (1) + f (2) + f (3) + f ( 4 )...f (10 )
n=1
6a + 3c = 6 + λ …..(iv) = f(1) + 2f(1) + 1+ 3f(1) + 3 + 4 f(1) + 6
30a + 5c = 3λ + 8 …..(v) + 5f(1) + 10 + 6f(1) + 15
Solving (iv) and (v), we get – = f(1) [1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + ........10 ]
30a + 15c = 30 + 5λ + (1 + 3 + 6 + 10 + 15 + 21 + 28 + 36 + 49)
30a + 5c = 8 + 3λ 10 ×11
= f (1) × + 165
10c = 22 + 2λ 2
22 λ = 3 × 55 + 165
∴ c= + = 165 + 165
10 5
22 λ = 330
Then, λ = 7 − − 90. Let f : R → R be a function which satisfies
10 5
6 70 − 22 48 f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), ∀ x, y ∈R. If f (1) = 2 and
Or λ= = ( n-1)
5 10 10 g(n) = ∑ f ( k ) ,n ∈ N, then the value of n, for
48 5 8
λ = × = =4
k =1
So, which g(n) = 20 is
10 6 2
(a) 5 (b) 20
88. Let A = {1, 2, 3, ...... 10} and f : A → A be
(c) 4 (d) 9
 x + 1, if x is odd JEE Main 2.09. 2020, Shift -II
defined as f(x) =  Then, the
 x, If x is even Ans. (a) : Given,
number of possible functions g : A → A, such f (x + y) = f(x) + f(y) and f(1) = 2
that gof = f is f(2) = f(1 + 1) = f(1) + f(1) = 2f(1)
(a) 105 (b) 10C5 f (3) = f(2 + 1) = f(2) + f(1) = 3f(1)
(c) 55 (d) 5 ! f(4) = f(3 + 1) = f(3) + f(1) = 4 f(1)
JEE Main 26.02. 2021, Shift -II f(n) = nf(1) = 2n
Ans. (a) : Given, Then,
set A = {1, 2, 3 ........10} n −1

∴ g : A → A such that g (n) = ∑f (n)

k =1
g(f(k)) = f (k)
n −1
If k is even then g (k) = k .....(i)
g(n) = ∑ 2n
If k is odd then g (k + 1) = k + 1 ......(ii) k =1
From equation (i) and (ii) n −1
g (k) = k, if k is even g(n) = 2∑ n
If k is odd then g(k) can take any value is set A k =1
So, the no. of g(k) = 105
n ( n − 1)
89. Let a, b, c ∈ R. If f(x) = ax2 + bx + c is such that 20 = 2
2
a + b + c = 3 and f (x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + xy, ∀ x,
10
n (n – 1) = 20
y ∈R, then ` ∑ f ( n ) is equal to n (n – 1) = 5 × 4 = 20
n =1 n=5
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91. For a suitable chosen real constant a, let a n

function f : R – {a} → R be defined by f(x) = And ∑ f ( i ) = 363

i =1
a–x f (1) = 3
. Further suppose that for any real
a+x f (2) = f(1 + 1) = f(1) f(1) = [f (1)]2 = 32
number x ≠ –a and f(x) ≠ –a, (fof)(x) = x. f(3) = f (2 + 1) = f(2) f(1) = [f(1)]3 = 33
 1 f(4) = f(3 + 1) = f(3) . f(1) = [f (1)]4 = 34
Then, f  –  is equal to
 2 f(n) = [f (1)]n
n
1 1
∑ f ( i ) = f (1) + ( f ( 2 ) ) + ( f ( 3))......( f ( n ))
n
(a) (b) −
3 3 i =1
(c) –3 (d) 3 363 = 3 + 32 + 33 + ........3n
3 ( 3n − 1)
JEE Main 06.09. 2020 Shift-II
Ans. (d) : We have, 363 =
a−x 3 −1
f(x) =  x ∈ R − {−a} 363 × 2
a+x n
3 –1=
fof (x) = x 3
3n – 1 = 242
f [f (x)] = x
3n = 243
a − f (x) 3n = 35
=x
a + f (x) n=5
a−x 1
a −  93. If a + α = 1, b + β = 2 and af(x) + αf   = bx +
a+x =x x
a−x β
a +  , x ≠0, then the value of expression
a+x x
(a 2
− a ) + x ( a + 1)
=x
1
f (x) + f  
 x  is ........ .
(a 2
+ a ) + x ( a − 1) 1
x+
(a2 – a) + x (a + 1) = (a2 + a) x + x2 (a – 1) x
x2(a – 1) + x (a2 + a – a – 1) – a2 + a = 0 JEE Main 24.02. 2021 Shift-II
x2 (a – 1) + x (a2 – 1) – (a2 – a) = 0 Ans. (2) : Given,
x2 + x (a + 1) – a = 0 1 β
af(x) + αf   = b(x) + . x ≠ 0 ….(i)
a=1  
x x
1− x a + α = 1 and b + β = 2
f(x) =
1+ x 1
Replace, x by then
 −1  x
1−  
 1
f −  =  
2 1 1
af   + αf ( x ) = b + βx ….(ii)
 2  1 +  −1   
x x
 
 2  Now adding (i) and (ii) we get -
3 1 1 β b
 1 2 af ( x ) + αf   + af   + αf ( x ) = bx + + + βx
f −  =  
x  
x x x
 2 1
1 1
2 a + α) f (x) + ( a + α) f   = ( b + β) x + (b + β)  
x x
 −1 
f =3  1  2
 2  1. f ( x ) + 1.f   = 2x +
x x
92. Suppose that a function f : R → R satisfies
f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) for all x, y ∈R and f(1) = 3. If   1   1
f  x + f    = 2 x + 
n
  x   x
∑ f ( i ) = 363 , then n is equal to
1
f (x) + f  
i =1

JEE Main 06.09. 2020 Shift-II x =2

Ans. (5) : Given function f : R → R x+
1
Satisfies f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) x

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y ' = ( 7 2 − 9 ) =9 C0 ( 7 2 ) −9 C1 ( 7 2 ) 91 +9 C 2 ( 7 2 ) ( 9 ) + ...
9 9 8 7
22x 2

94. If f (x) = , x ∈ R then

22x + 2
9
( ) ( ) 
8 6

 2022  y – y ' = 2  C1 7 2 ( 9 ) + C3 7 2 .( 9 ) + ...

1 9 3
 1   2   3 
f  + f +
  f  + ...... + f  
 2023   2023   2023   2023  y – y′ = even integer, hence [y] is even.
is equal to
(a) 1011 (b) 2010 1– x   2x 
96. If f(x) = loge   , |x| < 1, then f   is
(c) 1012 (d) 2011 1+ x   1 + x2 
JEE Main-24.01.2023, Shift-II equal to
Ans. (a) : Given, (a) 2f (x) (b) 2 f(x2)
2x 2
2 (c) (f(x)) (d) –2f(x)
f (x) = 2x
2 +2 JEE Main 08.04. 2019 Shift-I
Put, x → 1 – x then we get- Ans. (a) : Given that,
2(1− x )
2 1− x 
f(1 – x) = 2(1− x ) f ( x ) = log  
2 +2  1+ x 
1− x
4  2x 
⇒ 1− x
4 +2  2x   1− 1+ x2 
Then, adding we get- So, f  2 
= log  
x 1− x
 1+ x   1 + 2x 2 
f(x) + f(1 – x) = x
4
+
4  1+ x 
4 + 2 41− x + 2  1 + x − 2x 
2

4 = log  
 1 + x + 2x 
2
x
4 4 x
⇒ +
4x + 2 4 + 2  (1 + x )2 
x = log  2
 (1 − x ) 
4
4 x
2 
⇒ x
+ x  (1 + x ) 
4 +2 4 +2 = 2 log  
4 +2  (1 − x ) 
x
⇒ = 1
4x + 2 = 2f ( x )
Now,
 1   2   3   2022  97. A function f(x) is given by
f +f  +f   + ..... + f   5x
 2023   2023   2023   2023  f(x) = x , then the sum of the series
=(1 + 1 + 1 + 1 +……+1, 1011 times) 5 +5
=1011
 1   2   3   39 
f   + f   + f   + ......f   is equal to
( ) ( )
13 9
95. Let x = 8 3 + 13 and y = 7 2 + 9 . If [t]  20   20   20   20 
denotes the greatest integer ≤ t, then 29 49 39 19
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) [x] is even but [y] is odd 2 2 2 2
(b) [x] + [y] is even JEE Main 25.02. 2021 Shift-II
(c) [x] and [y] are both odd
5x
(d) [x] is odd but [y] is even Ans. (c) : Given that, f ( x ) = x
JEE Main-30.01.2023, Shift-II 5 +5
( 2− x )
Ans.(b): Given, 5
f (2 – x) = ( 2− x )
( )
( ) +5
13 9
x = 8 3 + 13 and y = 7 2 + 9 5
25
( ) ( ) ( )
13 13 12
x = 8 3 + 13 C 0 8 3 +13 C1 8 3 (13) + .......
1 x
= 5
25
( ) ( ) ( ) +5
13 13 12
x ' = 8 3 − 13 = 13C0 8 3 − 13 C1 8 3 (13) + .......
1
5x

( ) ( )
x – x ' = 2  13 C1. 8 3 (13) +13 C3 8 3 . (13) ......
25
12 1 10 3

  = 5x
'
Therefore, x – x is even integer, hence [x] is even. 25 + 5 × 5x
Now, 5x
y = ( 7 2 + 9 ) = C0 ( 7 2 ) + C1 ( 7 2 ) ( 9 ) + C2 ( 7 2 ) 9 .....
9 9 8 1 9 7
9 9 2
5
f (2 − x) =
5 + 5x

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Therefore, On taking log both side with base 8, we get –
5 x
5  y +1 
f (x) + f (2 − x) =  = log8 8
4x
+ =1 log8 
5x + 5 5 + 5x  1 − y 
Hence,  y +1
log8   = 4x log8 8
  1   39     19   21     20   1− y 
f  20  + f  20   + f  20  + f.  20   +  f  20  
              y +1
4x = log8  
= 1 + 1 + 1 +…..19 times +
1  1− y 
2 1  y +1
x= log8  
1 39 4  1− y 
= 19 × 1 + =
2 2 1 1+ x 
f −1 ( x ) =
log8  
2x –2x
4 1− x 
8 –8 1+ x 
1 
98. The inverse function of f(x) = 2x
8 + 8–2x
, f −1 ( x ) = ( log8 e )  log e 
4  1− x 
x ∈(–1, 1) is
99. Let f : R – {3} → R – {1} be defined by f(x) =
1 1− x 
(a) ( log8 e ) log e   x–2
4  1+ x  . Let g: R →R be given as g(x) = 2x – 3.
x–3
1  1− x  Then, the sum of all the values of x for which f–
(b) log e  
4 1+ x  1 13
(x) + g–1 (x) = is equal to
1  1+ x  2
(c) ( log8 e ) log e   (a) 7 (b) 2
4 1– x 
(c) 5 (d) 3
1 1+ x  JEE Main 18.03.2021, Shift - II
(d) log e  
4 1– x  Ans. (c) : Given that-
JEE Main 08.01.2020 Shift -I x−2
Ans. (c) : We have function, f(x) =
x −3
82x − 8−2x And, g(x) = 2x – 3
f(x) = 2x
8 + 8−2x x−2
Let, f ( x ) = y =
Let, x −3
f(x) = y yx – 3y = x – 2
⇒ x = f–1(y) (y – 1) x = 3y – 2
Now, 3y − 2
x=
82x − 8−2x y −1
y = 2x
8 + 8−2x 3x − 2
Applying componendo and dividendo rule- ∴ f −1 ( x ) =
x −1
a c  Now,
b = d  g(x) = y = 2x – 3
a + b c + d 
 =  y+3
a − b c − d  x=
2
So,
x+3
g (x) =
−1
y + 1 (8 − 8 ) + ( 8 + 8 )
2x −2x 2x −2x ∵
= 2
y − 1 ( 82x − 8−2 x ) − ( 82x + 8−2x ) 13
∴ f −1 ( x ) + g −1 ( x ) =
y +1 2×8 2x 2
= −2 x 3x − 2 x + 3 13
y − 1 −2 × 8 + =
x −1 2 2
y + 1 −82x
= = −8 ⋅ 8
2x 2x 2 ( 3x − 2 ) (
+ x + 3 )( x − 1) 13
y −1 1 =
8 2x ( x − 1) × 2 2

y + 1 4x 6x − 4 + x + 3x − x − 3 13
2

=8 =
1− y 2 ( x − 1) 2

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x 2 + 8x − 7 13 Ans. (a) : We have-
= we have-
2 ( x − 1) 2
g(x) = x2 + x – 1
2x2 + 16x – 14 = 13 × 2 (x – 1) (gof) (x) = 4x2 – 10x + 5
2x2 + 16x – 26x – 14 + 26 = 0 Now, g(f(x)) = (f(x))2 + f(x) – 1
2x2 – 10x + 12 = 0
g(f(x)) = 4x2 – 10x + 5
x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 2
x2 – (2 + 3) x + 6 = 0 5 5
g(f(5/4)) = 4   – 10   + 5
x2 – 2x – 3x + 6 = 0 4 4
x (x – 2) – 3 (x – 2) = 0 25 50
(x – 2) (x – 3 = 0 g(f(5/4)) = – +5
x = 2, 3 4 4
So, sum of all values of x = 2 + 3 = 5 5
g(f(5/4)) = –
 3 4
100. For x ∈  0,  let f(x) = x g ( x ) = tanx and   5    5 2
 2
1 – x2
So, g  f    = f
  4   4( )

5
+ f   –1
4
h(x) = . If φ(x) = ((hof)og) (x), then φ 2
1 + x2 5   5  5
– = f   + f   –1
π
  is equal to 4   4   4
3 2

π 11π   5  5 1
(a) tan (b) tan f  4   + f  4  + 4 = 0
12 12     
7π 5π
2
(c) tan (d) tan   5  1
12 12 f  4  + 2  = 0
   
JEE Main 12.04.2019 Shift -I
5 1
Ans. (b) : Given that, Hence, f   = –
 
4 2
1 – x2
f(x) = x , g(x) = tan x, h(x) = α 
1+ x 2 102. Let f : R –   → R be defined by f(x) =
Now, φ(x) = (hof)og) (x) = h(f(g)(x))) 6
= h(f(tanx)) = h ( tan x ) 5x + 3
6x – α
, Then, the value of α for which (fof) (x)

( )
2
1− tan x 1 − tan x α 
= = = x for all x ∈ R –   is
1+ ( tan x )
2
1 + tan x 6
(a) No such α exists (b) 5
π (c) 8 (d) 6
tan − tan x
Or, φ( x ) = 4 JEE Main 20.07.2021 Shift-II
π Ans. (b) : Function defined by-
1 + tan x tan
4 α  5x + 3
f : R   → R, f(x) =
 π  6  6x – α
φ(x) = tan  – x 
4  Now, (fof) (x) = x
 
π  π π   π π 5f(x) + 3
Hence, φ   = tan  –  = tan  –  = –tan f(f(x)) =
3 4 3  12  12 6f(x) – α
 5x + 3 
φ   = tan  π – 
π π
5 +3
 
3  
12 x=  6x – α 
π 11π  5x + 3 
φ   = tan 6 –α
3 12  6x – α 
101. If g(x) = x2 + x – 1 and (gof) (x) = 4x2 – 10x + 5, 25x +15
+3
5 x = 6x – α
then f   is equal to 30x +18
4 –α
6x – α
1 3 3 1
(a) − (b) (c) − (d) 25x +15  30x +18 
2 2 2 2 So, +3= x – α
JEE Main 07.01.2020 Shift - I 6x – α  6x – α 

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25x +15 +18x – 3α  30x +18 – 6αx + α 2  g (x) > 0 for x∈R
= x 
6x – α  6x – α 
⇒ 43x –3α + 15 = 30x2 + 18x – 6αx2 + α2x
30x2 +18x – 6α x2 + α2x – 43x + 3α – 15 = 0
(30 – 6α)x2 + (α2 – 25) x + 3α – 15 = 0
6(5 – α)x2 + (α + 5) (α – 5)x + 3 (α – 5) = 0 f ( −5 ) = 0
∴ 
– 6(α – 5)x2 + (α + 5) (α – 5)x + 3 (α – 5) = 0 f ( 3) = 0
(α – 5) [– 6x2 + (α + 5)x + 3] = 0 So, f (x) is many-one.
So, (α – 5) = 0 again,
α=5 yx2 – 4xy + 9y = x2 + 2x – 15
x2 (y – 1) – 2x(2y + 1) + (9y + 15) = 0
Types of Function and for ∀ x∈ R ⇒ D ≥ 0
Type V
Number of Functions D = 4 (2y + 1)2 – 4 (y – 1) (9y + 15) ≥ 0
5y2 + 2y – 16 ≤ 0
103. The function f:N – {1} → N; defined by f(n) = (5y – 8) (y + 2) ≤ 0
the highest prime factor of n, is:
(a) neither one-one nor onto
(b) one-one only
(c) both one-one and onto
(d) onto only  8
JEE Mains 27/01/2024 Shift-I y ∈  −2,  range
 5
Ans. (a) :
f : N – {1} → N Note: If function is defined from f: R → R then only
correct answer is option (c)
f (n) = the highest prime factor of n, n ∈ N-
105. Let A = {1, 2, 3, ......, 7} and let P(A) denote the
f (2) = 2 f (2) = f (4)(2 ≠ 4) power set of A. If the number of functions f : A
→ P (A) such that a ∈f (a), ∀ a∈ ∈A is mn, m and
⇒ Since, at n = 2 and n = 4 have a common n∈∈N and m is least, then m + n is equal to
f (3) = 3
image in the co- domain set. ________.
f(4) = 2 So,it is not a one -one function. JEE Mains 30/01/2024 Shift-I
Ans. (44): We know that,
Let A is a set
⇒ For y = 4 in the co- domain set, there is not n(A) = m
any such natural number in the domain set as per the
n(P(A)) = 2m
given function, also 4 is not a prime number , so, it has
not any pre - image in the domain set. So,
So, it is also not an onto function. f : A →P(A), a∈f(a)
i.e., a will contain with subset which contain element a.
⇒ Neither one – one nor onto
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,}
x 2 + 2x - 15 Total option for 1 = 26
104. The function f (x) = 2 , x∈
∈R is
x - 4x + 9 Similarly every other element have option = 26
(a) Both one-one and onto Total option = (26)7 = 242 = mn
(b) Onto but not one-one Then, m + n = 2 + 42 = 44
(c) Neither one-one nor onto  –a , if – a ≤ x ≤ 0
(d) One-one but not onto. 106. Let f(x) =  where a > 0 and
JEE Mains 06/04/2024 Shift-I  x + a, if 0 < x £a
g(x) = (f|x|) – |f(x)|/2.
x 2 + 2x -15 Then the function g : [–a, a] → [–a, a] is
Ans. (c) : Given, f (x) = 2 , x∈R
x - 4x + 9 (a) neither one-one nor onto.
( x + 5 )( x − 3) (b) both one-one and onto.
f (x) = 2
x − 4x + 9 (c) one-one.
Let g(x) = x2 – 4x + 9 (d) onto
D<0 JEE Mains 08/04/2024 Shift-II

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Ans. (a) : y = f (x) ⇒ f (−1) = e −1+ 3+1 = e3 = b
(a, b] = (0, e3 ]
∴ P(2e3 4, 2)

y = f |x|

2e3 4 e 3 (2) 4
d
1 (e 3 ) 2
2(e3 e 3)
d
e6 1
y = |f (x)|
e6
2
(1 e6 )
v e3
1 e6
e3
d 2 1 e6
f ( x ) − f (x) 108. Let f, g : R → R be defined as: f(x) = |x – 1| and
g(x) =
2 e x , x≥0
g(x) =  . Then the function f(g(x)) is
x + 1, x ≤ 0
(a) Neither one-one nor onto
(b) One-one but not onto
(c) Both one-one and onto
(d) Onto but not one-one.
JEE Mains 05/04/2024 Shift-II
107. If the function f : ( −∞ , −1) → (a, b] defined by Ans. (a) : Given,
3 f (x) = |x–1|
f (x) e x 3x 1 is one-one and onto, the distance
f ( x ) = { 1x−−x1 xx <>11
of the point P(2b 4, a 2) from the line
x e 3y 4 is :
6
(a) 1 e (b) 2 1 e 6
(c) 4 1 e 6 (d) 3 1 e6
JEE Mains 31/01/2024 Shift-II
Ans. (b) : Given,
f : ( , 1) (a, b]
3
Now, f(g(x)) = |g(x) –1|
f (x) ex 3x 1
| e x − 1 | x≥ 0
3 fog = 
ex | x + 1 − 1 | x ≤ 0
3x 1
f (x) (3x 2 3)
3
e x − 1 x ≥ 0
x 3x 1
f (x) e 3(x 1)(x 1)
fog = 
− x x≤0

( , 1] Fn
So x
⇒ f (x) = e−∞ = 0 = a
x 1 Hence, neither one- one nor onto function.

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109. Let A = {(x, y) : 2x + 3y = 23, x, y ∈ N} and B = Ans. (180): Sol.
{x : (x, y)∈∈A}. Then the number of one-one Total onto function
functions from A to B is equal to ________. 5
JEE Mains 09/04/2024 Shift-II × 4 = 240
32
Ans. (24) : 2x + 3y = 23
Now when f(a) = 1
x=1 y=7
4
x=4 y=5 4+ × 3 = 24 + 36 = 60
x=7 y=3 22
x = 10 y=1 So required fn = 240 – 60 = 180
So, A = {(1,7 ) , ( 4,5 ) , ( 7,3) , (10,1)} Or
If f(a) ≠ 1
B = {1,4,7,10} For a (remaining 4 to all 4 + remaining 4 to all 3)
The number of one-one functions from A to B is  4! 
= C1  4!+ 2!2!×3!
3
equal to 4!= 24
110. Let A={1,3,7,9,11} and B ={2,4,5,7,8,10,12}.
Then the total number of one-one maps = 3 ( 24 + 36 ) = 180
f:A→→B, such that f(1) + f(3) = 14, is:
(a) 180 (b) 120 113. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9}. Then the number of
(c) 480 (d) 240 possible functions f : A → A such that f(m.n) =
JEE Mains 05/04/2024 Shift-I f(m). f(n) for every m, n ∈ A with m.n ∈ A is
Ans. (d) : equal to _______.

JEE Mains 30/01/2023 Shift-II

Ans. (432) : Total number of function = 66
f (m.n) = f (m) f (n)
m= n= 1
f (1) = f (1). f (1)
f (1) = 1
A={1,3,7,9,11} m = 3, n= 3
B ={2,4,5,7,8,10,12} f (9) = f (3). f (3)
f(1) + f(3) = 14 f(3) = 1
Case – I f(1) = 2, f(3) = 12 f (9) = 1
f (1) = 12, f(3) = 2 or,
Total one-one function = 2 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 120 f (3) = 3
Case – II f(1) = 4, f(3) = 10 f (9) = 9
f(1) = 10, f(3) = 4 Similarly,
Total number of one-one function = 2× 5 × 4 × 3 =120
Hence, the total number of one-one function in case - I
and II = 120 + 120 = 240
111. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
Then the number of functions f:A→B satisfying
f(1) + f(2) = f(4)–1 is equal to ...........
JEE Mains 11/04/2023 Shift-II
Ans. (360) : f(1) +f(2) + 1 = f(4) ≤ 6
So, f (2) , f (5) and f (8)
f(1) + f(2) ≤ 5
1×6× 1× 6× 1×6 = 216
Case (i) f(1) = 1 ⇒ f(2) = 1, 2, 3, 4 ⇒ 4 mappings
Case (ii) f(1) = 2 ⇒ f(2) = 1, 2, 3 ⇒ 3 mappings
Case (iii) f(1) = 3 ⇒ f(2) = 1 , 2 ⇒ 2 mappings
Case (iv) f(1)4 ⇒ f(2) = 1 ⇒ 1 mapping
f(5) & f(6) both have 6 mappings each
Number of functions = (4 + 3 + 2 +1) × 6 × 6 = 360
112. Let R = {a, b, c, d, e} and S = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Total
number of onto functions f : R → S such that
1×6× 1× 6× 1×6 = 216
f(a) ≠ 1, is equal to ____.
Total possible function = 216 + 216 = 432
JEE Mains 08/04/2023 Shift-II
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114. Let S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Then the number of f(2) = any 2 element subset D of C i.e. 3 options.
one-one functions f : S → P(S), where P(S) f(1) = empty subset i.e. 1 option.
denote the power set of S, such that f(n) ⊂ f(m) Total functions = 360.
where n < m is _______. ∴ Number of such functions = 3240
JEE Mains 30/01/2023 Shift-I 115. Let f: R → R be a function such that
Ans. (3240) : Given,
x 2 + 2x + 1
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} f (x) = . Then
⇒ n(S) = 6 x2 + 1
(a) f(x) is one-one in (1, ∞) but not in (–∞, ∞)
P(S) = {φ, {1}, … {6}, {1, 2}, … {5, 6}, … {1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6}} (b) f(x) is one-one in (–∞, ∞)
Case–1 (c) f(x) is many-one in (–∞, –1)
f(6) = S i.e. 1 option. (d) f(x) is many-one in (1, ∞)
f(5) = any 5 elements subset A of S i.e. 6 options. JEE Mains 29/01/2023 Shift-I
f(4) = any 4 element subset B of A i.e. 5 options. Ans. (a) : Given,
f(3) = any 3 element subset C of B i.e. 4 options. x 2 + 2x + 1
f(2) = any 2 element subset D of C i.e. 3 options. f(x) = , where f : R → R
x2 +1
f(1) = any 1 element subset E of D or empty subset i.e 3
options.
f(x) =
(x 2
+ 1) + 2x
=
x2 + 1
+
2x
Total function = 1080. x2 +1 x2 + 1 x2 +1
Case-2 2x
f(6) = any 5 element subset A of S i.e. 6 options. = 1+ 2
x +1
f(5) = any 4 elements subset B of A i.e. 5 options. Differentiate
f(4) = any 3 element subset C of B i.e. 4 options.
f(3) = any 2 element subset D of C i.e. 3 options. 0 + ( x 2 + 1) 2 − 2x ( 2x )
f'(x) =
( x + 1)
2
f(2) = any 1 element subset E of D i.e. 2 options. 2

f(1) = empty subset i.e. 1 option.

Total functions = 720. 2 ( x + 1) − 4x
2 2
2x + 2 − 4x 2 2
f'(x) = =
Case-3
( x + 1) ( x + 1)
2 2 2 2

f(6) = S
f(5) = any 4 element subset A of S i.e. 15 options. 2 − 2x 2 2 (1 − x )(1 + x )
f(4) = any 3 elements subset B of A i.e. 4 options. f'(x) = =
(x + 1) (x + 1)
2 2 2 2

f(3) = any 2 element subset C of D i.e. 3 options.

f(2) = any 1 element subset D of C i.e. 2 options. Hence function f(x) is one-one are in [1, ∞] but not in
f(1) = empty subset i.e. 1 option. (∞, ∞)
Total functions = 360. 116. The number of functions
Case-4 ƒ: {1,2,3,4} → {a∈ ∈:Za≤ 8}
f(6) = S 1
f(5) = any 5 element A of S i.e. 6 options. satisfying ƒ(n) + ƒ(n+1) = 1, ∀ n∈ ∈{1,2,3} is
n
f(4) = any 3 elements subset B of A i.e. 10 options.
(a) 2
f(3) = any 2 element subset C of B i.e. 3 options.
(b) 3
f(2) = any 1 element subset D of C i.e. 2 options.
(c) 4
f(1) = empty subset i.e. 1 option.
(d) 1
Total functions = 360.
JEE Mains 25/01/2023 Shift-II
Case-5
f(6) = S Ans. (a) : Given,
1
f(5) = any 5 element A of S i.e. 6 options. f (n) + .f ( n + 1) = 1
f(4) = any 4 elements subset B of A i.e. 5 options. n
f(3) = any 2 element subset C of B i.e. 6 options. n. f (n) +f (n + 1) = n
f(2) = any 2 element subset D of C i.e. 2 options. If , n=1
f(1) = empty subset i.e. 1 option. f (1) +f (2) = 1 ....(i)
Total functions = 360. If , n=2
Case-6 2f (2) + f (3) = 2 ...(i)
f(6) = S If, n=3
f(5) = any 5 element A of S i.e. 6 options. 3.f(3) + f (4) = 3 ... (iii)
f(4) = any 4 elements subset B of A i.e. 5 options. From equation (i), we get-
f(3) = any 3 element subset C of B i.e. 4 options. 2 f (1) + 2f (2) = 2 ... (iv)

42 YCT
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On subtracting equation (iv) from (ii), we get- Ans. (2039) : Let fog (x) = h (x)
f (3) –2 f (1) = 0 1
 x − 7 3
f (3) = 2f (1) ... (v) ⇒ h (x) = 
–1

In equation (iii), we get  2 
3. (2f (1)) + f (4) = 3 ⇒ h(x) = fog(x) = 2x3 + 7
6 f(1) +f (4) = 3 fog(x) = a(xb + c) – 3
f (4) = 3– 6 f(1) ⇒ a = 2, b = 3, c = 5
Now, – 8 ≤ f (4) ≤ 8 ⇒ fog(ac) = fog(10) = 2007
– 8 ≤ 3 – 6 f (1) ≤ 8 g(f(x) = (2x – 3)3 + 5
−5 11 ⇒ gof(b) = gof(3) = 32
≤ f (1) ≤
6 6 ⇒ sum = 2039
∴ f(1) = 0, 1 119. The total number of functions, f : {1, 2, 3, 4} –
Case-I f (1) = 0 , f (2) = 1 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} such that f(1) + f(2) = f(3), is
f (3) = 0 , ⇒ f (4) = 3 equal to:
Case-II f (1) = 1 , f (2) = 0 (a) 60 (b) 90
f (3) = 2 , ⇒ f (4) = –1 (c) 108 (d) 126
The number of possible function is 2. JEE Main-25.07.2022, Shift-I
Ans. (b) : Given,
117. Let ƒ(x) = 2xn + λ, λ ∈R, m∈N, and ƒ(4) = 133,
A = {1, 2, 3, 4}
ƒ(5) = 255. Then the sum of all the positive
B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
integer divisors of (ƒ(3) - ƒ(2)) is
Here f(3) can be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
(a) 61
Then, f(3) = 2, (f(1), f(2)) → (1, 1) → 6 cases
(b) 58
f(3) = 3, (f(1), f(2)) → (1, 2), (2, 1)
(c) 59
→ 2 × 6 = 12 cases
(d) 60
f(3) = 4, (f(1), f(2)) → (1, 3), (3, 1), (2, 2)
JEE Mains 25/01/2023 Shift-II
→3
Ans. (d) : Given function, 6 = 18 cases
ƒ(x) = 2xn + λ, λ∈R f(3) = 5, (f(1), f(2)) → (1, 4), (4, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2)
ƒ(4) = 133 → 4 × 6 = 24 cases
ƒ(5) = 255 f(3) = 6, (f(1)) , f(2)) → (1, 5), (5, 1), (2, 4), (4, 2), (3,
133 = 2.4n + λ ……(i) 3)
255 = 2.5n +λ ……(ii) → 5 × 6 = 30 cases
On subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get– Total number of cases = 6 + 12 + 18 + 24 + 30 = 90
122 = 2(5n – 4n) 120. The number of functions f, from the set A = {x
61 = 5n – 4n ∈ N : x2 – 10x + 9 ≤ 0} to the set B = {n2 : n ∈
here, n = 3 N} such that f(x) ≤ (x – 3)2 + 1, for every x ∈ A,
From equation (i), we get– is _______.
133 = 2.43 + λ JEE Main-27.07.2022, Shift-II
= 2.64 + λ Ans. (1440) : Given,
133 = 128 + λ (x2 – 10x + 9) ≤ 0
⇒ λ=5 (x – 1) (x – 9) ≤ 0
ƒ(x) = 2×3 + 5 x ∈ [1, 9]
⇒ ƒ(3) = 2.33 + 5 = 2. 27 + 5 = 54 + 5= 59 A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
ƒ(2) = 2.23 + 5 = 2.8 +5 = 21 Now,
ƒ(3) – ƒ(2) = 59 – 21 = 38 f(x) ≤ (x – 2)2 + 1
= 2 × 19 x = 1 : f(1) ≤ 5 ⇒ 12, 22
Sum of all the positive integers x = 2 : f(2) ≤ 2 ⇒ 12
divisors = 2 + 19 + 38 + 1 x = 3 : f(3) ≤ 1 ⇒ 12
= 60 x = 4 : f(4) ≤ 2 ⇒ 12
a.b.c. ∈ N, letf ( x ) = ax − 3 and x = 5 : f(5) ≤ 5 ⇒ 1 , 2
2 2
118. For some
1 x = 6 : f(6) ≤ 10 ⇒ 1 , 22, 32
2

−1  x −7 3 x = 7 : f(7) ≤ 17 ⇒ 12, 22, 32, 42

g ( x ) = x b + c, x ∈ R. If ( fog ) ( x ) =   ,
 2  x = 8 : f(8) ≤ 26 ⇒ 12, 22, 32, 42, 52
then (fog) (ac)+(gof) (b) is equal to ______. x = 9 : f(9) ≤ 37 ⇒ 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62
JEE Mains 25/01/2023 Shift-I Total number of function = 2(6!) = 2(720) = 1440

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121. The number of functions f: {1, 2, 3, 4} → {a ∈ And f (5) and f(6) both have 6 and 6 mapping.
1 Hence, the number of function = (4 + 3 + 2 + 1) × 6 × 6
Z: a ≤ 8} satisfying f(n) + f ( n + 1) = 1, ∀ n ∈
n = 10 × 36
{1, 2, 3} is = 360
(a) 2 (b) 1 123. The number of functions f from {1, 2, 3, ..... 20}
(c) 4 (d) 3 onto {1, 2, 3, ...... 20}such that f(k) is a multiple
JEE Main-25.01.2023, Shift-II of 3, whenever k is a multiple of 4, is
Ans. (a) : Given, (a) (15)! × 6! (b) 56 × 15
1 (d) 65 × (15)!
f(n) + f ( n + 1) = 1 (c) 5! × 6!
n JEE Main 11.01.2019 Shift - II
n.f(n) + f (n + 1) = 1 Ans. (a) : Let, the multiple of 3 is f (k).
When n = 1 f(k) = (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18)
f(1) + f(2) = 1 …(i) for k = 4, 8, 12, 16, 20
When n = 2
For these k we have [Link].2 ways = 6!
2f(2) + f(3) = 2 …(ii)
For other numbers we have 15! ways.
When n = 3
So total = 15! 6!.
3f(3) + f(4) = 3 …(iii)
Now, multiple by 2 in equation (i), we get – 124. Let f(x) = 2xn + λ, λ ∈ R, n ∈ N, and f(4) = 133,
2f (1) + 2f (2) = 2 …(iv) f(5) = 255. Then the sum of all the positive
On subtracting equation (iv) from (ii), we get – integer divisors of {(f(3) − f(2)} is
f(3) – 2f (1) = 0 (a) 59 (b) 60
f(3) = 2f(1) …(iv) (c) 61 (d) 58
Now, putting the value in equation (iii), we get– JEE Main-25.01.2023, Shift-II
3[2f (1)] + f(4) = 3 Ans. (b) : Given,
6f(1) + f(4) = 3 f(x) = 2xn + λ, λ ∈ R and n ∈ N
f(4) = 3 – 6f (1)
f(4) = 133,
Therefore, – 8 ≤ f (4) ≤ 8
f(5) = 255.
– 8 ≤ 3 – 6 f (1) ≤ 8
– 11 ≤ – 6f (1) ≤ 5 f(4) = 133 = 2 × (4)n + λ ….(i)
5 11 f(5) = 255 = 2 × (5) + λ
n
….(ii)
− ≤ f (1) ≤ Now, subtracting the equation-
6 6
f (1) = 0, 1 2{(5)n – (4)n} = 255 – 133
Case – I : f (1) = 0, f(2) = 1 122
(5)n – (4)n =
f(3) = 0, f(4) = 3 2
Case – II: f(1) = 1, f(2) = 0 (5)n – (4)n = 61
f(3) = 2, f(4) = –3 (5)n – (4)n = (5)3 – (4)3
There can be 2 function such that like this. n=3
122. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. From equation (i) –
Then the number of function f : A → B 2 × (4)3 + λ = 133
satisfying f(1) + f(2) = f(4) – 1 is equal to ______
λ = 133 – 128
JEE Main-11.04.2023, Shift-II
λ=5
Ans. (360) : Given,
Now, f(3) – f(2)
A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
And, B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} ={2(3)3 + λ) – (2(2)3 + λ}
Now, =2(33 – 23) =2(27 – 8) =38
f(1) + f(2) + 1 = f (4) ≤ 6 The number of divisor is 1, 2, 19, 38
f (1) + f (2) ≤ 5 Sum of divisor 1 + 2 + 19 + 38 = 60
C–I 125. Let A = {x : x ∈ R ; x is not a positive integer}
f (1) = 1 ⇒ f(2) = 1, 2, 3, 4 ⇒ 4 mappings 2x
Define f : A → R as f (x) = , then f is
C–II x –1
f (1) = 2 ⇒ f (2) = 1, 2, 3, ⇒ 3 mappings (a) injective but not surjective
C. II (b) surjective but not injective
f (1) = 3 ⇒ f (2) = 1, 2 ⇒ 2 mapping (c) bijective
[Link] (d) neither injective nor surjective
f(1) = 4 ⇒ f(2) = 1 ⇒ 1 mapping Jee Mains- 09.01.2019, shift-II
44 YCT
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Ans. (a) : Given, Ans. (d): Given,
2x 
f (x) =
x −1  2n, n = 2, 4, 6, 8......

f '(x) =
( x − 1) 2 − 2x (1) f(n) =  n − 1, n = 3, 7, 11, 15......
( x − 1)
2  n +1
 , n = 1, 5, 9, 13.....
2x − 2 − 2x  2
f '(x) = If n = 2, 4, 6, 8, then 2n in multiple of 4.
( x − 1)
2

If n = 3, 7, 11, 15 then (n–1) is not multiple of 4.

−2  n +1 
f '(x) = , ∀ x ∈ A. If n = 1, 5, 9, 13, then 
( x − 1)
2
 is the odd number.
 2 
We see that f is decreasing in its domain Hence, Every numbers give exactly one value.
So, f is one-one (injective) So, f is one – one and onto.
Let, y = f(x) 128. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9}. Then the number of
2x possible functions f : A→ A such that f (m.n) =
y=
x −1 f(m). f(n) for every m, n ∈ A with m. n ∈ A is
xy – y = 2x equal to ______.
xy – 2x = y JEE Main-30.01.2023, Shift-II
x(y – 2) = y Ans. (432) : Given,
y A = {1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9}
x= f (mn) = f (m). f(n)
y−2
∴ Put m = n = 1
3
Consider y = 3, then x = =3>0 f(1) = f(1) f (1)
3−2 f (1) = 1
Since, x is not a positive integer. Put m = n = 3
So, f is not onto (Surjective). f (9) = f(3). f(3)
126. The function f : R → R defined by f (3) = 1 or 3
f(x) = (x – 1) (x – 2)(x – 3) is Total number of such function = 1 × 6 × 2 × 6 × 6 ×1
(a) one-one but not onto = 432
(b) onto but not one-one
129. Let S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Then the number of
(c) both one-one and onto
one-one functions f : S → P (S), where P(S)
(d) neither one-one nor onto
denote the power set of S, such that f(n) ⊂ f(m)
JEE Main-26.06.2022, Shift-II
where n < m is _______.
JEE Main-27.07.2022, Shift-I
JEE Main-30.01.2023, Shift-I
Ans. (b) : Given,
Ans. (3240) : Given,
f ( x ) = ( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3) S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
f (1) = f ( 2 ) = f ( 3) = 0 Case – I
∴ f(x) is not one-one. f(1) has only 1 element in {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {5}, {6}.
For each y ∈ R, there exists x ∈ R such that f(2) has 2 elements in which one is same as f(1) and so
on.
f(x) = y.
Therefore,
∴ f is onto.
If a continuous function has more than one roots, then
6
C1 . 5C1 . 4 C1 . 3C1 . 2 C1 ⋅1
the function is always many-one. 6! 5! 4! 3! 2!
= × × × × ×1
127. Let a function f : ℕ → ℕ be defined by 5! 4! 3! 2! 1!
 = 6!
 2n, n = 2,4,6,8,..... = 6×5×4×3×2×1
 = 720
f(n) =  n – 1, n = 3,7,11,15,..... then, f is
Case – II
 n + 1 n = 1,5,9,13,.......
 , f(1) = φ
 2 f(2) f(3) f(4) f(5) f(6)
(a) one-one but not onto 1 2 3 4 5
(b) onto but not one-one 6 . 5 . 4 . 3 . 2
(c) neither one-one nor onto : C1 C1 C1 C1 C1 = 720
(d) one-one and onto 1 2 3 4 6
JEE Main-28.06.2022, Shift-I : 6
C 1
. 5
C 1
. 4
C 1
. 3
C 1
. 1
C 1 = 360

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1 2 4 5 6 f is decreasing in its domain.
1 2 3 5 6 ∴ f is injective
1 3 4 5 6 Let, y = f(x)
2 3 4 5 6 2x
= 4 × 360 = 1440 y=
Hence, the total = 720 + 720 + 360 + 1440 = 3240 x −1
130. The number bijective functions f : {1, 3, 5, 7 y
x=
…..99} → {2, 4, 6, 8, ….100}, such that ƒ(3) ≥ y−2
ƒ(9) ≥ ƒ(15) ≥ ƒ(21) ≥ …≥ ƒ(99) is _____ 3
(a) 50P17 (b) 50P33 If, y = 3, then x = =1> 0
3−2
50!
(c) 33! × 17! (d) Since it is not positive integer
2
Hence, function is not surjective.
JEE Main-25.07.2022, Shift-II
Ans. (b) : One to one functions define that each element 133. Let N be the set of natural numbers and two
of one set, say set (A) is mapped with a unique element functions f and g be defined as f, g: N → N such
of another set (B), solution of question, that
As function is one-one and onto, out of 50 elements of n + 1
 2 if n is odd
domain set 17 elements are following restriction.
f(n) = 
f(3) ≥ f(a) ≥ f(15)……≥ f(99)
 n if n is even
So number of ways = 50C17 33!  2
= 50P33
and g(n) = n – (–1)n. Then fog is
131. Let R = {a, b, c, d, e} and S = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Total
(a) one-one but not onto
number of onto function f : R → S such that
f(a) ≠ 1, is equal to___ . (b) onto but not one-one
JEE Main-08.04.2023, Shift-II (c) both one-one and onto
Ans. (180) : Given, (d) neither one-one nor onto
R = {a, b, c, d, e} and S = {1, 2, 3, 4} JEE Main 10.01.2019 Shift - II
Now, AIEEE – 2003
5 Ans. (b) : : For g(x), find the case where n is odd not
Total number of onto function = ×4 even, fog is f(g(x)), Hence, prove that f(n) = fog(n).
3 2
Put n = 1, 2 even and odd in the expressing of fog(n),
5 × 4 × 3! × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 find if it’s one-one.
=
3! × 2 × 1 Then check if fog(n) is onto by taking f(n) in cases of
= 240 odd and even. Then prove that n is same as f(n).
Now, when f(a) = 1 One-one function.
4  n +1
4+ × 3 = 24 + 36 = 60  n is odd
2 2 f (n) =  2
n
So, required f n = 240 – 60 = 180  n is even
2
132. Let A = {x∈R : x is not a positive integer}.
Define a function f : A→R as f(x) =
2x
x –1
, then {
g ( n ) = n − ( −1)
n n + 1, n is odd

n − 1, n is even
f is n
 n is even
f (g ( x )) =  2
(a) Injective but not surjective.
(b) Not injective. n +1
 n is odd
(c) Surjective but not injective.  2
(d) Neither injective nor surjective. ∴ Onto but not one-one.
JEE Main 09.01.2019 Shift-II
134. Let a function f : (0, ∞) → (0, ∞) be defined by
Ans. (a) : Given,
1
2x f(x) = 1 – . Then, f is
f (x) = x
x −1
(a) injective only.
On differentiating of given function with respect to x
we get – (b) both injective as well as surjective.
−1 (c) not injective but it is surjective.
f '( x ) = < 0∀x ∈ A (d) neither injective nor surjective.
( x − 1)
2
JEE Main 11.01.2019 Shift - II
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Ans. (c): Given, (c) Neither one-one nor onto
1 (d) Both one-one and onto
f(x) = 1 – JEE Main 24.02.2021, Shift-I
x
Ans. (a) : : We have,
 1
1 − x x ∈ (1, ∞ )
f(x) = 2x – 1
f(x) =  1
x−
 1 − 1 x ∈ ( 0,1) g(x) = 2
 x x −1
 1 Now,
 x 2 x ∈ (1, ∞ ) f(g(x)) = 2g(x) – 1
f'(x) =   1
 − 1 x ∈ ( 0,1) x − 
= 2
 x 2 2
−1
This shows f(x) is not injective. ( x − 1)
Since range of the function is equal to codomain 2 ( 2x − 1) − 2 ( x − 1)
function is surjective. =
2 ( x − 1)
135. Let x denote the total number of one-one
functions from a set A with 3 elements to a set 4x − 2 − 2x + 2
B with 5 elements and y denote the total =
2x − 2
number of one-one functions from the set A to
2x x
the set A×B. Then, = =
(a) 2y = 91x (b) 2y = 273x 2x − 2 x − 1
(c) y = 91x (d) y = 273x So, the range of f(g(x)) is R – {1}
JEE Main 25.02.2021 Shift -II Co domain is R
Ans. (c) : Given, Hence, f(g(x)) is not onto as the range and co domain
are not same.
Total number of one-one function from a set A with 3
elements to a set B with 5 elements and y denoting total We know that, if the function is one-one, then the
function is always increasing or decreasing in its
number of one one function.
domain.
As we know that, no of one-one function q Cp × p!
x
x = 5 C3 × 3! f(g(x)) =
x −1
5! ( x − 1) − x (1)
x= × 3! f ' ( g )( x ) =
2! 3! ( x − 1)
2

5!
x= −1
2! =
( x − 1)
2

x = 5 × 4 × 3 = 60
The number of one-one function Therefore we can conclude that f'(g)(x) is always
decreasing as there is a negative sign.
y = 15 C 3 × 3! So, the function is one-one
15! Hence, f [g (x)] is one-one but not onto function.
y= × 3!
12! 3! 137. Let A = {a, b, c} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Then the
number of elements in the set C = {f : A → B |
15!
y= 2∈ f(A) and f is not one - one} is
12! JEE Main 05.09.2020 Shift-II
y = 15 × 14 × 13 = 2730 Ans. (19) : According to question,
Therefore, A B
x 60
=
y 2730
273 x = 6y
2y = 91x
=  3 C2 × 3 C1 × 1C1 × 1 C1  +  3 C 2 × 1C1 × 1 C1 × 3 C1 
136. Let f : R →R be defined as f(x) = 2x –1 and g :
1 3× 2   3× 2 
x– =  × 3 +  × 3
R – {1} → R be defined as g(x) = 2 Then,  1× 2   1 × 2 
x –1 = 9 + 9 = 18
the composition function f(g(x)) is
Therefore, the number elements in set C is –
(a) one-one but not onto
∴ n(C) = 18 + 1 = 19
(b) onto but not one-one
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138. Let f, g : N → N, such that f (n + 1) = f(n) + 2x + 3
f(1)∀ n∈N and g be any arbitrary function. >0
( 4x – 3)( x + 1)
Which of the following statements is not true?
3 3
(a) if fog is one-one, then g is one - one x = – , – 1,
2 4
(b) if f is onto, then f (n) = n, ∀n ∈N.
(c) f is one-one
(d) if g is onto, then fog is one-one
JEE Main 25.02.2021 Shift-I
Ans. (d) : Given,  3  3 
x ∈  – , –1 ∪  , ∞  .....(i)
f(n + 1) = f(n) + f(1)  2  4 
f(n + 1) – f(n) = f(1) 2x – 1
Since, Above terms are in A.P. with common difference and –1 ≤ ≤1
x+2
= f(1)
2x – 1 2x – 1
General term Tn = f(1) + (n – 1) f(1) = n f(1) ≥ –1 and ≤1
x+2 x+2
f(n) = nf(1)
3x + 1 2x – 1 – x – 2
For fog to be one-one, g must be one-one. ≥0 ≤0
For f to be onto, f(n) should take all the values of x+2 x+2
natural numbers.
f(n) = n x –3
If g is many one, then fog is many one. ≤0
x+2
So, if g is onto then fog is one-one is incorrect.
139. Let A = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}. Then the number 1
of bijective functions F : A →A such that f(1) + x ∈ (– ∞, –2) ∪ [– , ∞) ....(ii)
3
f(2) = 3 – f(3) is equal to .......
JEE Main 22.07.2021, Shift - II x ∈ (–2, 3] .....(iii)
Ans. (720) : Given, On intersection of (ii) & (iii), we get-
f(1) + f(2) = 3 – f(3)
 1 
f(1) + f(2) + f(3) = 3 x ∈  – , 3 .....(iv)
 3 
The only possibility is : 0 + 1 + 2 = 3
Again intersection of (i) & (iv), we get-
Elements, 1, 2, 3 in the domain can be mapped with 0,
1, 2 only. 3 
x ∈  , 3
So, number of bijective functions 4 
= 3! × 5! 3
∴ α= and β= 3
=3×2×1×5×4×3×2×1 4
= 6 × 120 = 720 Hence, 5β – 4α = 15 – 3 = 12
141. If the domain of the function
Domain, Co-domain and x 2 − 25
Type VI f (x) = + log10 (x 2 + 2x − 15)
Range of Function (4 − x 2 )
is ( −∞ , α ) ∪ [β , ∞ ), then α 2 + β 3 is equal to:
140. If the domain of the function f(x) = loge (a) 140 (b) 175
 2x + 3  –1  2x – 1  (c) 125 (d) 150
 2  + cos  x + 2  is (α, β ], then the JEE Mains 01/02/2024 Shift-II
 4x + x – 3   
value of 5β – 4α is equal to Ans. (d) : Given function,
(a) 10 (b) 12 x 2 − 25
(c) 11 (d) 9 f (x) = + log10 (x 2 + 2x − 15)
(4 − x 2 )
JEE Mains 30/01/2024 Shift-II
Define the function-
Ans. (b) : Given function,
x 2 25 0
 2x + 3  –1  2x – 1  (x − 5)(x + 5) ≥ 0
f(x) = loge  2  + cos  x + 2 
 4x + x – 3   
x ( , 5] [5, ) ...(i)
Now,
2
2x + 3 and 4 x 0
>0 x 2or 2 ...(ii)
4x + x – 3
2

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x 2 2x 15 0 Case (i) a+b>c
a + ax > bx (put b = ax, c = bx)
(x 5)(x 3) 0
a + ax > ax2 (put b = ax)
x ( , 5) (3, ) .....(iii) x2 – x – 1 < 0
Intersection of equation (i) ∩ (ii) ∩ (iii), we get- 1− 5 1+ 5
<x<
x ( , 5) [5, ) 2 2
On comparing general term, we get- Case (ii) b+c>a
5, 5 ax + bx > a (put b = ax, c = bx)
ax + ax2 > a (put b = ax)
Hence, α 2 + β3 = 25 + 125 = 150 x2 + x – 1 > 0
142. If the domain of the function f(x) = cos–1 −1 − 5 −1 + 5
x< or x >
2– x  2 2
 + {loge (3–x)} is [–α, β ) – {γ}, then Case (iii)
–1
 c+a>b
 4 
ax2 + a > ax
α + β + γ is equal to : x2 – x + 1 > 0
(a) 12 (b) 9 Always true x ∈ R
(c) 11 (d) 8 Combine (i), (ii) and (iii) –
JEE Mains 30/01/2024 Shift-I
 5 −1 5 +1 
Ans. (c) : x ∈  , 
 2 2 
2 x 1
f (x) cos 1
4 ln(3 x)
2− x 3− x ≠ 0
−1 ≤ ≤1
4 x≠3
−4 ≤ 2 − x ≤ 4 3− x > 0 1 5 1 5
−6 ≤ − x ≤ 2 x<3 2 2
2 2
x ≤6 x ∈ ( −∞, 3) 1 5 1 5
Now 12
2 2
x ∈ [−6,6] And, loge(3–x) ≠ 0
3–x≠1 36
x ≠2 144. Let [t] be the greatest integer less than or equal
to t. Let A be the set of all prime factors of 2310
and f : A → Z be the function f(x) =
  2  x3  
log 2  x +     The number of one-to-one
   5   
∴ x ∈ [–6, 3] –{2} functions from A to the range of f is :
(a) 20 (b) 120
Compare with [–α, β) – {γ }
(c) 25 (d) 24
α = 6, β = 3, γ = 2
JEE Mains 08/04/2024 Shift-I
Hence, α + β + γ = 6 +3 +2 = 11
Ans. (b) : f : A →B
143. Let a, b, c be the lengths of three sides of a n(A) = m, n (B) = n
triangle satisfying the
condition number of one - one function is n p m if n ≥ m
2 2 2 2
(a b )x 2b(a c)x (b c ) 0. If the 2 N = 2310 = 231 × 10
set of all possible values of x is the interval = 3 × 11 × 7 × 2 × 5
( , ), 12( 2 2
) is equal to_______. A = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11}
f:A→Z
JEE Mains 31/01/2024 Shift-II
Ans. :(36) Given that –    x3  
2 2 2 2 2 f(x) = log 2  x 2 +    
(a + b ) x – 2b (a + c ) x + b + c = 0    5   
a2x2 – 2bax + b2 + b2x2 – 2bcx + c2 = 0
f(2) = [log2 (5)] = 2
(ax – b)2 + (bx – c)2 = 0
f(3) = [log2 (14)] = 3
ax – b = 0 and (bx – c) = 0
f(5) = [log2 (25+25)] = 5
Now,
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f(7) = [log2 (117)] = 6 –7
f(11) = [log2 387] = 8 x= (Rejected)
4
Range of f : B = {2, 3, 5, 6, 8} (ii) x<0
5! –x + 1 –1
No. of one-one functions = P5 = = 5! = 120
5
=
0! 2x + 5 2
1 –2x+2= –2x –5
145. Let f(x) = be a function defined on R. 2= –5 (not possible)
7 - sin5x
⇒ Domain of f(g(x)) = domain of g(x).
Then the range of the function f(x) is equal to:
∴ Domain will be R − − 
5
1 1  1 1
(a)  ,  (b)  ,   2
8 5  7 6
1 1 1 1   2 + 2x, –1 ≤ x < 0
(c)  ,  (d)  ,  
147. If f(x) =  x 0≤ x≤3 ;
7 5 8 6  1 – 3 ,
JEE Mains 06/04/2024 Shift-II
Ans. (d) : Since, Range of sin x is [–1, 1] for all x.  –x, –3 ≤ x ≤ 0
g(x) =  ,then range of (fog) (x)
⇒ –1 ≤ sin 5x ≤ 1 x, 0 < x ≤ 1
We multiply by negative sign is :
So, 1 ≥ sin 5x ≥ –1 (a) [0, 3) (b) [0, 1]
Now, 8 ≥ 7– sin 5x ≥ 6
(c) [0, 1) (d) (0, 1]
1 1 1 JEE Mains 29/01/2024 Shift-I
≥ ≥
8 7 − sin 5x 6 Ans. (b) : Given,
1 1   –x, –3 ≤ x ≤ 0
Therefore, the range of f(x) =  ,  g(x) = 
8 6   x, 0 < x ≤1
 −1   −5 
146. Let f: R-   → R and g : R −   →R be
2 2 
2x + 3 x +1
defined as f(x)= and g(x) = then
2x + 1 2x + 5
the domain of the function fog is.
 5
(a) R − −  (b) R Now,
 2
 2 + 2g(x), –1 ≤ g(x) < 0
 7  5 7 
(c) R − −  (d) R − − , −  fog(x) =  g(x) 0 ≤ g(x) ≤ 3
 4  2 4 1 – 3 ,
JEE Mains 27/01/2024 Shift-II
 x –3 ≤ x ≤ 0
2x + 3 2 – 2x,; –1 ≤ x ≤ 0 1 + ;
Ans. (a) : f (x) = ,x ≠ −
1  3
= x 0 < x ≤1 =  x
2x + 1 2 1 – 3 ; 1 – ; 0 < x ≤ 1
x +1 5  3
g(x) = ,x ≠ −
2x + 5 2 Hence, range of g(x) = [0, 1]
Domain of f(g(x)) 148. If the domain of the function f(x) = sin–1
5 x +1 1  x –1 
x ≠ − and ≠−   is R – (α, β ) then 12 αβ is equal to :
2 2x + 5 2  2x + 3 
1 (a) 36 (b) 24
g(x) ≠ – (c) 40 (d) 32
2
x +1 1 JEE Mains 09/04/2024 Shift-I
≠– Ans. (d) : Given,
2x + 5 2
(i) x ≥0  x −1 
Domain of (x) = sin–1   is
x + 1 –1  2x + 3 
=
2x + 5 2 −3 x −1
2x+2 = –2x–5 2x + 3 ≠ 0 and x ≠ and ≤1
2 2x + 3
4x = –7
|x – 1| ≤ |2x + 3|

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On combining all the three results,

For |2x + 3| ≥ |x – 1|  41

x ∈  5, 
 2   5
x ∈ (–∞, –4] ∪  − , ∞ 
 3  3α + 10β = 97
2 Option (a) is the correct option
α = –4 and β = – 150. The domain of the function F(x) =
3
1
Hence, 12 αβ = 32 is (where [x] denotes the
 3x – 22  [ x ]2
– 3 [ x ] – 10
149. If the domain of the function sin –1   +
 2x – 19  greatest integer less than or equal to x)
 3x – 8x + 5 
2 (a) (–∞, –3]∪[6, ∞) (b) ( −∞, −2 ) ∪ (5, ∞)
loge  2  is (α, β ], then 3α + 10β is (c) (–∞, –3] ∪ (5, ∞) (d) ( −∞, −2 ) ∪ [6, ∞)
 x – 3x – 10 
equal to : JEE Mains 11/04/2023 Shift-II
(a) 97 (b) 100 1
Ans. (d) : F(x) =
(c) 95 (d) 98
JEE Mains 04/04/2024 Shift-I
[ x ] − 3[ x ] − 10
2

2
[x] – 3[x] – 10 > 0
3x − 22
Ans. (a) : −1 ≤ ≤1 [ x ]+2 − 5[ x ] + 2 [ x ] − 10 > 0
2x − 19
3x − 22 − 2x + 19
≤0
( ) (
[x] [x] − 5 + 2 [x]− 5 > 0 )
2x − 19
x −3
( )(
[x] − 5 [x] + 2 > 0 )
≤0 ...(i)
2x − 19

[x] < –2 or [x] > 5

x < –2 or x ≥ 6
3x − 22 + 2x − 19 x ∈ (–∞, –2)∪[6, ∞)
≥0
2x − 19 151. If the domain of the function f(x) = loge (4x2 +
5x − 41 10x + 6
≥0 ...(ii) 11x + 6) + sin–1 (4x + 3) + cos–1 is (α, β ],
2x − 19 3
then 36 |α + β | is equal to
(a) 72 (b) 63
(c) 45 (d) 54
JEE Mains 15/04/2023 Shift-I
Ans. (c) : Given function,
41  19  f(x) = ln(4x2 + 11x + 6) + sin–1(4x +
( − ∞, ],  , ∞ 
5  2   10x + 6 
3) + cos −1  
3x 2 − 8x + 5  3 
>0
x 2 − 3x − 10 For first term,
4x2 + 11x + 6 > 0
( 3x − 5)( x − 1) > 0 4x2 + 8x + 3x + 6 > 0
( x − 5 )( x + 2 ) (4x + 3) (x + 2) > 0
 3 
⇒ x ∈ ( −∞, − 2 ) ∪ 1,  ∪ ( 5, ∞ )
5
x ∈ (−∞, −2) ∪  − , ∞ 
 3  4 

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For second term,
4x + 3 ∈[–1, 1]
x ∈ [–1, –1/2]
For third term,
10x + 6
∈ [−1,1]
3
 9 3
x ∈ − , − 
 10 10  p + p + 1 – 3≥ 0
 3 1 2 p – 2≥ 0
x ∈ − ,− 
 4 2 p≥1 ... (i)
3 1 and p2 + (p + 1)2 ≤ 9
∴ α=− ,β=− 2p2 + 2p + 1≤ 9
4 2
5 2p2 + 2p ≤ 8
α+β = − p2 + p – 4 ≤ 0
4
Hence, 36 |α + β| = 45
p∈
(
 − 1 + 17
,
) 
17 − 1
152. Let the sets A and B denote the domain and  2 2 
range respectively of the function  
1 a=1
f(x) = , where [x] denotes the smallest
[x] – x 17 − 1
b=
integer greater than or equal to x. Then among 2
the statements: So, b (b + 1) –a2 = 0
(S1) : A ∩ B = (1, ∞) – N and
(S2) : A ∪ B = (1, ∞) ( )
17 − 1  17 − 1  2
(a) only (S1) is true 2  2 + 1 − 1 = 0
 
(b) neither (S1) nor (S2) is true 17 − 1
(c) only (S2) is true −1 = 4 −1 = 3
4
(d) both (S1) and (S2) are true
JEE Mains 06/04/2023 Shift-II 154. Let D be the domain of the functions f (x) =
Ans. (a) : Given,   6 + 2log 3 x  
sin -1  log 3x    . If the range of the
1   -5x 
f(x) = function g : D → R defined by g (x) = x –[x],
[x] – x
([x], is the greatest integer function), is (α, β),
[x] − x > 0 5
the α 2 + is equal to
[x] > x β
x ∉ I, so A = R – I (a) 46 (b) 135
Also, 0 < [x] – x <1 where x ∈ I (c) 136 (d) 45
So f(x) ∈(1, ∞) ⇒ B = (1, ∞) JEE Mains 12/04/2023 Shift-I
A∩B = (1, ∞) – N Ans. (b) : Given function,
A∪B = (1, ∞) ∪ [R – I]   6 + 2log 3 x  
f (x) = sin -1  log 3x  
Hence, S1 is true but S2 is false statement.   -5x 
153. Let the point (p, p + 1) lie inside the region 6 + 2 log 3 x 1
> 0&x > 0&x ≠
{ }
E = (x, y) : 3 – x ≤ y ≤ 9 – x 2 ,0 ≤ x ≤ 3 . If the −5x 3
set of all values of p is the interval (a, b), then  1 
This gives x ∈  0,  ... (i)
b2 + b – a2 is equal to _____.  3
 6 + 2 log3 x 
JEE Mains 06/04/2023 Shift-I −1 ≤ log 3x   ≤1
Ans. (3) :  −5x 
6 + 2 log 3 x 1
y ≤ 9 − x2 3x ≤ ≤
−5x 3x
x +y ≤9
2 2
... (i)
3− x ≤ y
x + y –3 ≥ 0 ...(ii)
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5 156. The range of the function f(x) =
15x 2 + 6 + 2 log 3 x ≥ 0 6 + 2 log 3 x + ≥0 3 - x + 2 + x is:
3
 1  −
23 (a)  2 2, 11  (b)  5, 13 
x ∈  0,  ...(ii) x≥3 6
...(iii)
 27  (c)  2, 7  (d)  5, 10 
Form (i), (ii) &(iii), we get -
JEE Mains 30/01/2023 Shift-II
 − 23 1 
x ∈ 3 6 ,  Ans. (d) : f(x) = 3 − x + 2 + x
 27 
differentiate both side
∴ α is small positive quantity −1 1
f '(x) = + =0
1 2 3− x 2 2+ x
& β=
27 ⇒ 3− x = 2+ x
5
Hence, α 2 + is just greater than 135 ⇒3–x=2+x
β 1
⇒ x=
155. If domain of the function 2
 6x 2 + 5x + 1   2x 2
– 3x + 4  3− x + 2+x
 is (α, β )
–1
loge   + cos 
 2x – 1   3x – 5  also, from f(x) = ↓ ↓
∪ [γ, δ], then, 18(α + β + γ + δ ) is equal to
2 2 2 2

JEE Mains 08/04/2023 Shift-II x ≤3 x ≥ −2

x ∈[–2, 3]
6x 2 + 5x + 1
Ans. (20) : Sol. >0 f(–2) = 5 = f(3)
2x − 1
( 3x + 1) ( 2x + 1) 1 5 5
>0 f = + = 10
2x − 1  
2 2 2
∴ Range of f(x) = ( 5, 10 )
157. Let f : R - {2, 6} → R be real valued function
x 2 + 2x + 1
 −1 −1   1  defined as f ( x ) = Then range of f is
A = x ∈ ,  ∪  ,∞  ….(i) x 2 – 8x + 12
 2 3  2 
 21 
2x 2 − 3x + 4 (a)  −∞, −  ∪ [1, ∞ )
and −1 ≤ ≤1  4
3x − 5
 21 
(b)  −∞, −  ∪ [ 0, ∞ )
2x 2 − 1 2x 2 − 6x + 9  4
≥0 and ≤0
3x − 5 3x − 5  21 
(c)  −∞, −  ∪ [ 0, ∞ )
 4
 21   21 
(d)  −∞, −  ∪  , ∞ 
 4 4 
 −1 1   5  JEE Mains 31/01/2023 Shift-II
B = x∈ ,  ∪  ,∞  …..(ii)
 2 2 3  x 2 + 2x + 1
Ans. (b) : Let y =
5 x 2 − 8x + 12
C= x< …..(iii) yx2–8xy + 12y – x2 – 2x–1 = 0
3
x2(y – 1) – x(8y + 2) + (12y –1) = 0
 −1 −1   1 1 
A ∩B∩C ≡  , ∪ , Case 1, y ≠ 1
 2 3   2 2  D≥0
–1 –1 1 1
(8y + 2 ) − 4 ( y − 1)(12y − 1) ≥ 0
2
α= , β= , γ= , δ= ⇒
2 3 2 2
64y + 32y + 4 – 4 (12y2 – 13y + 1) ≥ 0
2

1 1 1 1
So 18 ( α + β + γ + δ ) = 18  + + + 
2 2 2 2 16y2 + 84y ≥ 0
4 9 4 2 ⇒ 4y(4y + 21 ) ≥ 0
= 18 ( 9 + 4 + 9 + 18 ) –∞ +∞
36
18 ( 40 )
= = 20
36

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 −21  2
y ∈  −∞, ∪ [0, ∞ ) − {1} Ans. (b) : f(x) = x ∈ [2, 3)
 4  1+ x2
Case 2, y = 1 3
f(x) = x ∈ [3, 4)
x2 + 2x +1 = x2 – 8x +12 1+ x2
10x = 11 4
f(x) = x ∈ [4, 5)
x=
11
So, y can be 1 1+ x2
10 5
f(x) = x ∈ [5, 6)
 −21  1+ x2
Hence, y or f (x) ∈  −∞, ∪ [0, ∞ )
 4 

158. The absolute minimum value, of the function

f ( x ) = x 2 – x + 1 +  x 2 – x + 1 , where[t]
denotes the greatest integer function, in the
interval [–1,2], is:
3 3 5 1  5 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)  , 
4 2 4 4  37 5 
JEE Mains 31/01/2023 Shift-II log ( x+1) ( x – 2 )
Ans. (a) :Given, 160. The domain of f(x) = 2loge x , x ∈ R is
e – ( 2x + 3 )
f ( x ) = x − x + 1 +  x − x + 1
2 2
(a) R – {-1, 3} (b) (2, ∞) – {3}
Let, g ( x ) = x 2 − x + 1 (c) R – {3} (d) (–1, ∞) – {3}
2 JEE Mains 29/01/2023 Shift-I
 1 3
g(x) =  x −  + Ans. (b) :
 2 4
log ( x − 2 )
1 f ( x ) = 2log xx +1 , x∈R
so, x 2 − x + 1 have minimum value at x = e − ( 2x + 3)
2
case (i) x – 2 > 0 ⇒ x > 2
⇒ Minimum value of f(x) ....
case (ii) x + 1 > 0 ⇒ x > –1 and x ≠ –1
2
1 1  1  2 1  case (iii) x > 0
=   − + 1 +   − + 1
2 2  2  2  case (iv) x2 – 2x – 3 ≠ 0
⇒ (x – 3) (x + 1) ≠ 0
1 1 1 1 
= − + 1 +  − + 1 ⇒ x ≠ –1, 3
4 2 4 2  From case (i) ∩ (ii) ∩ (iii) ∩ (iv) i.e , x ∈ (2, ∞) – {3}
3 3 161. For some a, b, c ∈ N, let f(x) = ax – 3 and g(x)
= +
4  4  1
 x − 7 3
3 3 = x + c, x ∈ R. If (fog) (x) = 
b –1
 , then
= +0 =  2 
4 4 (fog) (ac) + (gof) (b) is equal to _____.
3 JEE Main-25.01.2023, Shift-I
=
4 Ans. (2039) : Given,
159. If the domain of the function for some a, b, c ∈ N
f (x) =
[ x]
, where [x] is greatest integer f(x) = ax–3 and g(x) = xb + c, x ∈ R
1+ x 2
∴ fog(x) = f(g(x)) = a (xb + c) – 3
≤ x,is [ 2, 6 ) , then its range is = axb + ac –3 = y (Let)
∴ axb = 3 + y – ac
 5 2  5 2
(a)  ,  (b)  ,  y + 3 − ac
 26 5   37 5  xb =
a
 5 2   9 27 18 9 
(c)  ,  −  , , ,   y + 3 − ac 
1/ b

 37 5   29 109 89 53  ∴ x=  
 a
 5 2   9 27 18 9 
(d)  ,  −  , , ,   x + 3 − ac 
1/ b
x −7
1/ 3
 x + 3 − 10 
1/ 3
 26 5   29 109 59 53  (fog)–1(x) =  = =
  
JEE Mains 31/01/2023 Shift-I  a   2   2 
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Comparing, we get b = 3, a = 2, c = 5 163. The domain of the function f(x) = sin–1[2x2 –3]
f(x) = 2x – 3, g(x) = x3 + 5  
So, (fog)(ac) + (gof) (b) + log2  log 1 ( x 2 – 5x + 5 )  , where [t] is the
= (fog) (10) + (gof) (3)  2 
= 2007 + 32 greatest integer function is :
= 2039  5 5– 5  5– 5 5+ 5 
(a)  – ,  (b)  , 
162. The domain of the function
 2 2   2 2 
 –1  1 
 2sin  4x 2 – 1    5– 5   5+ 5 
cos 
–1    is: (c) 1,  (d) 1, 
 π   2   2 
 
  JEE Main-27.07.2022, Shift-II
 1 1 Ans. (c) : Given,
(a) R − − , 
 2 2  
(
f(x) = sin–1[2x2 – 3] + log2  log 1 x 2 – 5x + 5  )
(b) (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞) ∪ {0}  2 
 1   1  P1 : –1 ≤ [2x – 3] < 1
2
(c)  −∞, −  ∪  , ∞  ∪{0}
 2 2  ⇒ –1 ≤ 2x2 – 3 < 2
 1   1  ⇒ 2 < 2x2 < 5
(d)  − ∞, − ∪ , ∞  ∪ {0}
2   2 
5
 ⇒ 1 < x2 <
2
JEE Main-29.06.2022, Shift-I
 5   5
Ans. (d) : Given, the function – ⇒ P1 : x ∈  – , –1 ∪ 1, 
 2   2 
 −1  1 
 2sin  4x 2 − 1   P2 : x2 – 5x + 5 > 0
cos −1     we have
 π    5 – 5    5 + 5 
  ⇒  x – 
  

x –    > 0
  2    2 
To find interval in which x lies. Here, the max value of
P3 : log 1 (x 2 – 5x + 5) > 0
sin θ is 1 and minimum value of sinθ = –1 2
1 ⇒ x2 – 5x – 5 < 1
∴ ≤ 1
4x 2 − 1 ⇒ x2 – 5x + 4 < 0
  1  −1  ⇒ P3 : x ∈ (1, 4)
⇒ ∵  2   ≥ (1) )
−1
( 4x2 – 1) ≥ 1
  4x − 1    5– 5
So, P1 ∩ P2 ∩ P3 =  1, 
 2 
⇒ 4x2 – 1 – 1 ≥ 0
⇒ 4x2 – 2 ≥ 0 164. The range of the function
⇒ 2x2 – 1 ≥ 0 f ( x ) = 3 – x + 2 + x is :

⇒ x2 ≥
1 (a)  2 2, 11 (b)  5, 10 
2
1 1 (c)  5, 13  (d)  2, 7 
⇒ x ≤− and x ≥
2 2 JEE Main-30.01.2023, Shift-II
∴ The required interval is Ans. (b) : We have to find the range of
−1   1 f(x) = 3 − x + 2 + x , The function is possible for
 
 −∞, ∪ ,∞ 3 – x ≥ 0 and 2 + x ≥ 0
 2   2 
or x ∈ [ −2, 3]
We also know x = 0
 1  Let y = 3− x + 2+ x
⇒ sin–1   = sin −1 ( −1) which is also possible.
 −1  ⇒ y2 = 3 – x + 2 + x + 2 ( 3 − x )( 2 + x )
∴ The required interval is – ⇒ y = 5 + 2.
2
( 3 − x )( 2 + x )
 −1   1 
 −∞,  ∪ , ∞  ∪ {0} y2 − 5
 2  2  ∴ = ( 3 − x )( 2 + x )
2

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⇒ = 6 – 2x + 3x – x2  5 2
(a)  , 
= 6 + x – x2  37 5 
2
 y2 − 5   5 2   9 27 18 9 
∴ x2 – x +   −6 =0 (b)  ,  −  , , , 
 2   26 5   29 109 89 53 
x is real ⇒ Discriminate, D, ≥ 0  5 2
(c)  , 
  y2 − 5  2   26 5 
∴ 1 − 4   − 6 ≥ 0  5 2   9 27 18 9 
  2   (d)  ,  −  , , , 
2  37 5   29 109 89 53 
 y2 − 5  JEE Main-31.01.2023, Shift-I
⇒ 25 ≥ 4   .
 2  Ans. (a) : Given,
2
 y 2 − 5  25 function f (x) =
[x]
⇒   ≤ 1+ x2
 2  4
domain of greatest integer function = [2, 6]
y2 − 5 5
∴ ≤ x ∈ [ 2,3) ,f ( x ) =
2
[∴[x] is greatest integer ≤
2 2 1+ x2
⇒ y ≤ 10
2
x]
y ≤ 10 2 2
or = f (x) = or f ( x ) =
1 + 32 1 + 22
Also, we know x ∈ [ −2, 3]
 2 2
∴ f ( −2 ) = 5 = f (x)∈ , 
 7 5
f ( 3) = 5 4
x ∈ [ 4, 5 ) f ( x ) =
1 + x2
∴ The range is 5, 10( ) 4 4
= f (x) = or f ( x ) =
165. Considering only the principal values of the 1 + 52 1 + 42
trigonometric functions, the domain of the
 4 4
= f (x)∈ , 
–1  x – 4x + 2 
2
function ƒ(x) = cos  2  is :  26 17 
 x +3  3
x ∈ [3, 4 ) , f ( x ) =
 1  1  1+ x2
(a)  −∞,  (b)  − , ∞ 
 4  4  3 3
f (x) = or f ( x ) =
 –1   1 1 + 4 2
1 + 32
(c)  , ∞  (d)  −∞,   3 3
 3   3 f (x)∈ , 
JEE Main-28.07.2022, Shift-I  17 10 
5
Ans. (b) : The domain of the function. x ∈ [ 5, 6 ) ,f ( x ) =
1 + x2
−1  x − 4x + 2 
2
f ( x ) = cos   5 5
 x +3 
2
f (x) = or f ( x ) =
1+ 6 2
1 + 52
x 2 − 4x + 2  5 5
∴ −1 ≤ ≤1 f (x)∈ , 
x2 + 3  37 26 
⇒ –x2 – 3 ≤ x2 – 4x + 2 and x2 – 4x + 2 ≤ x2 + 3
 5 2
⇒ – 2x2 + 4x – 5 ≤ 0 and –4x ≤ 1 ∴ Range is  , 
⇒ 2x – 4x + 5 ≥ 0
2
and 4x ≥ –1  37 5 
1 167. Let f : R – {2, 6} → R be real valued function
⇒x∈R x≥−
4 x 2 + 2x + 1
defined as f (x) = 2 . Then range of f
 1  x – 8x + 12
So, domain is  − , ∞  is
 4 
 21   21 
[x] (a)  −∞, −  ∪  , ∞ 
166. If the domain of the function f (x) = ,  4 4 
1 + x2
where [x] is greatest integer ≤ x, is [2, 6), then  21 
(b)  −∞, −  ∪ [0, ∞]
its range is  4

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 21  169. The domain of the function
(c)  −∞, −  ∪ (0, ∞)
 4   x 2 – 5x + 6 
cos –1  2 
 21   x – 9  is
(d)  −∞, −  ∪ (1, ∞) f(x) =
 4 log e (x 2 – 3x + 2)
JEE Main-31.01.2023, Shift-II (a) (–∞, 1) ∪ (2, ∞)
x + 2x + 1
2
(b) (2, ∞)
Ans. (b) : Let f ( x ) = 2 , ( x ≠ 2, x ≠ 6 )
x − 8x + 12  1 
(c)  – ,1 ∪ (2, ∞)
x + 2x + 1
2
 2 
y= 2
x − 8x + 12  1   3 + 5 3 – 5 
⇒ x2 y – 8xy + 12y = x2 + 2x + 1 (d)  – ,1 ∪ (2, ∞) –  , 
⇒ x2 (y – 1) – 2x (4y + 1) + (12y – 1) = 0  2   2 2 
On comparing ax2 + bx + c = 0, we get JEE Main-24.06.2022, Shift-I
a = (y – 1), b = –2 (4y + 1) , c = (12y – 1) Ans. (d) : The domain of the function,
but x ∈ R
x 2 − 5x + 6
So, b2 – 4ac ≥ 0 −1 ≤ ≤ 1
= (–2 (4y + 1))2 –4 (y – 1) (12y – 1) ≥ 0 x2 − 9
⇒ 16y2 + 1 + 8y – (12y2 – y – 12y + 1) ≥ 0 x 2 − 5x + 6 x 2 − 5x + 6
−1 ≤ 0 and +1 ≥ 0
⇒ 4y + 21y ≥ 0
2
x −9
2
x2 − 9
−21 ( x − 2 )( x − 3) − 1 ≤ 0 and ( x − 2 )( x − 3) + 1 ≥ 0
⇒y≥0 or y ≥ ⇒
4 ( x − 3)( x + 3) ( x − 3)( x + 3)
 −21 
y ∈  −∞, ∪ [ 0, ∞ ) x−2 ( x − 2) + 1 ≥ 0
 4  ⇒ −1 ≤ 0 and
x+3 x+3
168. Let f : R → R and g : R → R be two functions
defined by f (x) = loge(x2 + 1) – e–x + 1 and g(x) −5 2x + 1
≤0 and ≥ 0
1 – 2e 2x x + 3 x+3
= . Then, for which of the following
ex  1 
⇒ x > –3 and ( 2x + 1)   ≥0
range of α, the inequality  x +3
  ( α – 1) 2     5   1 
f g   > f  g  α –   holds? ⇒ x ∈ (–3, ∞) and x ∈ ( −∞, − 3) ∪  − , ∞ 
  3    3   2 
  
After taking intersection –
(a) (2, 3) (b) (–2, – 1)
(c) (1, 2) (d) (–1, 1)  1 
x ∈ − , ∞ 
JEE Main-25.06.2022, Shift-I  2 
Ans. (a) : Given, And, x2 – 3x + 2 > 0
f (x) = loge(x2 + 1) – e–x + 1 (x – 1) (x – 2) > 0
2x x > 1 or x > 2
⇒ f' (x) = 2 + e –x > 0 ∀ x ∈ R
x +1 x ∈ (1, ∞) ∪ (2, ∞)
⇒ f is strictly increasing x2 – 3x + 2 ≠ 1
1 – 2e 2x 3± 5
g(x) = = e − x − 2e x x≠
ex 2
g' (x) = –e–x – 2 ex After taking intersection of each solution –
⇒ g' (x) = – (2ex + e–x) < 0 ∀ x ∈ R
 −1   3 + 5 3 − 5 
⇒ g is decreasing  2 ,1 ∪ ( 2, ∞ ) −  2 , 2  .
  ( α – 1) 2    
  5 
Now f  g   > f gα –  170. The domain of the function
  3    3 
   1
f (x) = is (where [x] denotes
( α – 1) [ x ] – 3 [ x ] – 10
2 2
 5
⇒ g > gα – 
3  3 the greatest integer less than or equal to x)
⇒ α – 5α + 6 < 0
2
(a) (–∞, –2) ∪ (5, ∞) (b) (–∞, –3] ∪ [6, ∞)
⇒ (α – 2)(α – 3) < 0 (c) (–∞, –2) ∪ [6, ∞) (d) (–∞, –3] ∪ (5, ∞)
⇒ α ∈ (2, 3) JEE Main-11.04.2023, Shift-II
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Ans. (c) : Given that,  −1 1   5 
x∈ ,  ∪ ,∞ …(ii)
f (x) =
1  2 2 3 
[ x ] − 3[ x ] − 10
2
2x 2 − 3x + 4
≤1
Define the function f(x) - 3x − 5
[x]2 –3[x]–10 > 0 2x 2 − 6x + 9
≤0
([ x ] − 5 ) ( [ x ] + 2 ) > 0 3x − 5
3x – 5 < 0
5
x< ...(iii)
3
Hence, A ∩B ∩ C
[ x ] ∈ ( −∞, −2 ) ∪ ( 5, ∞ )  −1 1   1 1 
=  ,− ∪ , 
x ∈ ( −∞, −2 ) ∪ [ 6, ∞ )  2 3  2 2 
Domain of function f(x), So, 18( α2 + β 2 +x2 + δ2)
x ∈ ( –∞, –2)∪ [6, ∞) 1 1 1 1
= 18  + + + 
171. If domain of the function loge 4 9 4 2
 6x + 5x + 1 
2
–1  2x – 3x + 4 
2
 9 + 4 + 9 + 18 
  + cos   is (α, β ) ∪ = 18 ×  
 2x – 1   3x – 5   36 
(γ, δ], then 18(α2 + β 2 + γ2 + δ2) is equal to____ 40
= 18 ×
JEE Main-08.04.2023, Shift-II 36
Ans. (20) : Given that, = 20
 6x 2 + 5x + 1  −1  2x 2
− 3x + 4  172. Let the sets A and B denote the domain and
log e   + cos  
 2x − 1   3x − 5  range respectively of the function
1
Define the function, f (x) = where [x] denotes the smallest
6x + 5x + 1
2
[ ]–x
x
>0
2x − 1 integer greater than or equal to x. Then among
2x –1 ≠ 0 the statements
1 (S1) : A ∩ B = (1, ∞) – N and
x≠
2 (S 2) : A ∪ B = (1, ∞)

( 3x + 1)( 2x + 1) (a) only (S1) is true

>0 (b) both (S1) and (S2) are true
( 2x − 1) (c) neither (S1) nor (S2) is true
(d) only (S2) is true
JEE Main-06.04.2023, Shift-II
Ans. (a) : Given that,
 −1 −1   1  1
x ∈ ,  ∪ ,∞ …(i) f (x) =
 2 3  2  [x] − x
We know that range of cos x ∈ [ –1,1] –1
If x ∈ I [x] = [x] (greatest integer function )
2x 2 − 3x + 4 If x ∉ I [x] = [ x] + 1
−1 ≤ ≤1
3x − 5  1
 [x] − x , x∈I
2x 2 − 3x + 4 
≥ −1 f (x) = 
3x − 5  1
, x∉I
2x 2 − 1  [x] + 1 − x
≥0
3x − 5  1
 −{x} , x ∈ I

f (x) =  ( does not exist )
 1 , x ∉I
 1 − {x}


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Domain of function = R –I
1
Now, f ( x ) = ,x∉I
1 − { x}
x ∈ ( –1, 0) ∪ ( 1, ∞) ….(ii)
0 < {x} < 1 From equation (i) and (ii) we get
0 < 1 − {x} < 1 x∈( –1, 0) ∪ (1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞)
Hence, the domain of f(x) is (–1, 0) ∪ (1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞)
1
>1 x
1 − {x} 175. Let f: R→R be defined by f(x) = ,x∈R .
1 + x2
Range ∈ (1, ∞) Then the range of f is
A = R –I
 1 1
B = (1,∞) (a)  − ,  (b) (–1, 1) – {0}
 2 2
So, A ∩ B = (1,∞) –N
A ∪B ≠ (1, ∞)  1 1
(c) R–  − ,  (d) R–[–1, 1]
Hence, S1 is only correct.  2 2
173. The domain of the function JEE Main 11.01. 2019 Shift -I
 x – 3x + 2 
2 Ans. (a) : Given that,
f ( x ) = sin –1  2  is
 x + 2x + 7  x
f (x) =
(a) [1, ∞] (b) (–1, 2] 1 + x2
(c) [–1, ∞] (d) [–∞, 2] x
Let, y =
JEE Main-29.07.2022, Shift-II 1+ x2
yx2 + y = x
–1  x − 3x + 2 
2
Ans. (c) : Given, f(x) = sin  2  yx2 – x + y = 0
 x + 2x + 7 
For the real value,
Then, the domain is defined as -
D≥0
x 2 − 3x + 2 x 2 − 3x + 2
≥ −1and 2 ≤1 12 – 4y × y ≥ 0
x 2 + 2x + 7 x + 2x + 7
1– 4y2 ≥ 0
2x2 – x + 9 ≥ 0 and 5x ≥ –5 ⇒ x ≥ –1
(1 +2y)(1–2y) ≥ 0
x∈R
(2y –1)(2y +1) ≥ 0
Hence, domain x ∈ [–1, ∞]
174. Domain of definition of the function
3
f(x) = + log10 ( x 3 – x ) , is
4 – x2
(a) (1, 2)
 −1 1 
(b) (–1, 0) ∪ (1, 2) y ∈  ,  − {0}
 2 2
(c) (1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞)
(d) (–1, 0) ∪ (1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞) Because, y never be zero.
AIEEE-2003 For, x it will be zero.
JEE Main -09.04.2019 Shift-II Hence, range of function is  −1 , 1  .
 2 2 
Ans. (d) : Given that ,

f (x) =
3
( )
+ log10 x 3 − x 176. Let f : (1, 3) →R be a function defined by f(x) =
4 − x2 x [ x]
Define the function f(x) is, , where [x] denotes the greatest integer ≤
1 + x2
4 – x2 ≠ 0 x. Then the range of f is
x2 ≠ 4  2 3  3 4   2 4
x ≠± 2 ….(i) (a)  ,  ∪  ,  (b)  , 
 5 5  4 5   5 5
And,
x3 –x > 0 3 4  2 1   3 4
(c)  ,  (d)  ,  ∪  , 
2
x(x – 1) > 0 5 5  5 2   5 5
x(x +1)(x –1) > 0 JEE Main 08.01.2020 Shift - II

59 YCT
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Ans. (d) : Given that, And,
f : (1 , 3) → R  2x − 1 
sin −1  >0
x[x]  2 
And, f(x) =
1+ x2 2x − 1
>0
 x 2
 1 + x 2 .x ∈ (1, 2 ) 1
f (x) =  x>
 2x , x ∈ [ 2,3] 2
1 + x 2 1 
x ∈ ,∞  …(ii)
On differentiating w.r.t x, we get- 2 
 (1 + x 2 ) (1) − x ( 2x ) Form equation (i) and (ii), we get-
 , x ∈ (1, 2 ) 1 

 (1 + x )
2 2
x ∈  ,1
f '( x ) =  2 
 (1 + x ) ( 2 ) − 2x ( 2x )
2
1 3
 , x ∈ [ 2,3] Hence, α + β = + 1 =
(1 + x 2 )
2
 2 2
178. Let [x] denote the greatest integer ≤ x, where x
 1− x2 ∈ R. If the domain of the real valued function
 , x ∈ (1, 2 )
f '( x ) =  1 + x 2
2
[ x] – 2
1 − 2x , x ∈ [ 2,3] f (x) = is (–∞, a) ∪ [b, c) ∪ [4, ∞), a <
[ x] – 3
 1 + x 2
b < c, then the value of a + b + c is
Therefore, f(x) is decreasing function.
(a) 8 (b) 1
 2 1   3 4
Hence, range of f(x) is  ,  ∪  ,  (c) –2 (d) 2
 5 2   5 5 JEE Main 20.07. 2021 Shift-I
177. If the domain of the function Ans. (c) : Given function,

f (x) =
cos –1 x 2 – x + 1
is the interval (α, β ), [x] − 2
f (x) =
 2x – 1 
sin –1  
[x] − 3
 2  Define the function f(x) is ,
then α + β is equal to
[x] − 2
3 ≥0
(a) (b) 2 x −3
2
1 Case-I : when |[x]| –2 ≥ 0 and [x] –3 > 0
(c) (d) 1 x ∈ (–∞ , –3) ∪ [ 4, ∞)
2
JEE Main 22.07.2021 Shift-II Case-II : when |[x]| –2 ≤ 0 and |[x]| –3 > 0
Ans. (a) : Given that, x ∈ [–2,3)
From case – (I) and case – (II), we get -
cox −1 x 2 − x + 1
f (x) = Domain of function f(x)
 2x − 1  x ∈ ( – ∞, 3) ∪ [–2, 3) ∪ [4, ∞)
sin −1  
 2  Hence, a + b + c = –3 + (–2) + 3
Defined the function f(x) is = –5 + 3
0 ≤ x2 – x + 1 ≤ 1 = –2
Then, x2 –x + 1 ≤ 1 179. The real valued function
And, x2 – x + 1 ≥ 0 (it is not possible ) cosec –1 x
f (x) = , where [x] denotes the greatest
∴ x2 – x + 1 ≤ 1 x – [ x]
x2 – x ≤ 0 integer less than or equal to x, is defined for all
x(x –1) ≤ 0 x belonging to
(a) all reals except integers
(b) all non-integer except the interval [–1, 1]
(c) all integers except 0, –1,1
(d) all reals except the interval [–1, 1]
x ∈ [ 0, 1] …(i) JEE Main 18.03.2021 Shift-I
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Ans. (b) : Given that, 181. The domain of the function
−1
cosec x  3x 2 + x – 1  –1  x – 1 
f (x) = f ( x ) = sin –1   + cos   is
x − [x]  ( x – 1)   x +1
2

cosec −1 x  1 1 1
' f (x) = ∵ x –[x] = {x} (a) 0,  (b) [ −2, 0] ∪  , 
 4 4 2
{x}
1 1  1
Hence, Domain of f(x) is, (c)  ,  ∪ ( 0 ) (d) 0, 
x ∈ (– ∞, –1) ∪ (1, ∞) 4 2  2
We know that, JEE Main 31.08.2021 Shift-II
{x} ≠ 0 Ans. (c): Given function ,
So, x ≠ integers.  3x 2 + x − 1   x −1 
Hence, option (b) is correct. f ( x ) = sin −1   + cos −1  
 ( x − 1)2   x +1 
 
180. If the function are defined as f(x) = x and
We know,
g(x) = 1 – x , then what is the common
sin–1θ , cos–1θ
domain of the following functions?
Then, −1 ≤ θ ≥ 1
f + g, f – g, f/g, g/f, g – f, where (f ± g)(x) = f(x) ±
So,
f ( x)
g(x), (f / g)(x) = 3x 2 + x − 1
g (x) −1 ≤ ≤1
( x − 1)
2
(a) 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 (b) 0 ≤ x < 1
(c) 0 < x < 1 (d) 0 < x ≤ 1 − ( x − 1) ≤ 3x 2 + x − 1 ≥ ( x − 1)
2 2

JEE Main-19.03.2021 Shift-II

Now,
Ans. (c) : Given that, f ( x ) = x –( x –1)2 ≤ 3x2 + x –1
g (x ) = 1− x –(x2 + 1 – 2x) ≤ 3x2 + x – 1
Now, –x2 –1 + 2x ≤ 3x2 + x – 1
f + g = x + 1− x 4x2 –x ≥ 0
x( 4x– 1) ≥ 0
We know,
4x – 1≥0, x ≥ 0
x ≥ 0 and 1 − x ≥ 0
1
⇒ x ∈ [ 0,1] x ≥ 0, x ≥
4
And,
f –g = x − 1 − x
Hence,
x ≥ 0 and 1 – x ≥ 0
⇒ x ∈ [ 0,1] 1 
x ∈ (−∞, 0] ∪  , ∞ 
f x 4 
And, = And, 3x + x –1 ≤ (x – 1)2
2
g 1− x
x ≥ 0 and 1– x > 0 3x2 + x –1 ≤ x2 – 2x + 1
⇒ x ∈ [ 0, 1) 2x2 + 3x – 2 ≤ 0
2x2 + 4x – x – 2 ≤ 0
g 1− x
And, = 2x( x +2) –1( x+ 2) ≤ 0
f x
(x + 2) (2x – 1) ≤ 0
1 – x ≥ 0 and x > 0
1
⇒ x ∈ ( 0, 1) x ≤ , x ≤ −2
2
And,
g – f = 1− x − x ]
1– x ≥ 0 and x ≥ 0
x∈ [ 0, 1]
For all condition, we get -  1
x ∈  −2, 
x ∈ (0, 1)  2

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x −1 Then,
Now, −1 ≤ ≤1
x +1 –1 ± –12 – 4(1)(–4)
–(x + 1) ≤ x –1 ≤ x + 1 t=
2 ×1
− ( x + 1) ≤ x − 1
–1 ± 1 + 16
−x −1 ≤ x −1 b True for all values . t=
–2
2x ≥ 0
x≥0 1 + 17
t=
x ∈ [ 0, ∞ ) 2
1 1 1 + 17
Hence, x ∈ [ −2,0] ∪  ,  Then, a =
4 2 2
So, x ∈ {0} ∪  1 , 1  π π
4 2 184. If f'(x)= tan–1(secx + tanx), < x < , and f(0)
2 2
182. Let f:N → N be a function such that f( m + n) = = 0, then f(1) is equal to
f(m) + f(n) for every m, n∈N. If f(6) = 18, then
f(2). f(3) is equal to π +1 π+2
(a) (b)
(a) 6 (b) 54 4 4
(c) 18 (d) 36 1 π −1
JEE Main 31.08. 2021 Shift-II (c) (d)
4 4
Ans. (b) :Given, JEE Main 09.01.2020, Shift-I
f ( m + n) = f(m) + f(n)
Put, m = 1, n = 1 Ans. (a) : Given,
f(2) = 2f(1) π π
f '(x) = tan –1 (sec x + tan x), < x < and f(0) = 0
Again , put, m = 2, n = 1 2 2
f(3) = f(2) + f(1) = 3f(1)
 1 + sin x 
Put, m = 3, n = 3 = tan –1  
 cos x 
f(6) = 2f(3)
18 = 2 × f(3) (∵ f(6) = 18)  π 
 1 – cos  2 + x  
⇒ f(3) = 9 = tan –1   
So, f(1) = 3  sin  π + x  
   
f(2) = 6  2  
Hence, f(2).f(3) = 6 × 9 = 54
 π x 
 2sin 2  +  
−1  | x | +5 
183. The domain of the function f(x) = sin  2  = tan –1  4 2 
 x +1   2sin  π + π  cos  π + x  
is (–∞, –a]∪[a, ∞]. Then a is equal to     
 4 2  4 2
17 17 − 1
(a) +1 (b)   π π  π x
2 2 = tan –1  tan  +   = +
  4 2   4 2
1 + 17 17
(c) (d) Now, integrate the simplified equation –
2 2
JEE Main 02.09.2020, Shift-I π x
Ans. (c) : Given, ∫ f '(x)dx = ∫  4 + 2  dx
 | x | +5 
f (x) = sin –1  2  is (–∞, –a] ∪ [a, ∞] π x2
 x +1  f (x) = x + +C
4 4
Defined the above function as,
| x | +5 Put (x = 0) to find the value of –
≤1
x +1
2
π x2
f (0) = 0 ⇒ c = 0 ⇒ f (x) = x +
|x| + 5 ≤ x2 + 1 4 4
x2 – |x| – 4 ≥ 0
π +1
Let, |x| = t So, f (1) =
4
So, t –t–4≥0
2

62 YCT