Mathematics Form 2

Chapter 1: Patterns & Sequences

Class with Teacher Shafiqah
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

Welcome to class!
Learning Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, student should be able to:

1. Recognize and describe number patterns.
2. Identify and extend sequences using different rules.
3. Express patterns of sequences using numbers, words,
and algebraic expressions.
4. Solve real-life problems involving patterns and
sequences.
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

Can you find any patterns in these images?

MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

1.1 Patterns
What is a pattern?
A pattern is a repeating arrangement of
numbers, shapes, or objects.
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

Even and Odd Numbers

Even Numbers: Numbers that are divisible by 2 (e.g., 2, 4, 6, 8, …).

Odd Numbers: Numbers that are not divisible by 2 (e.g., 1, 3, 5, 7, …).
Pattern Rule:
a) Adding two even numbers → Result is always even
b) Adding two odd numbers → Result is always even
c) Adding an even and an odd number → Result is always odd
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

ACTIVITY 1: IDENTIFY THE PATTERN

Identify the pattern with even number or odd number:

10, 12, 14, 16 __ Even number 20, 22, 24, __, 28 Even number

9, 11, 13, 15, __ Odd number 30, 32, __, 36, 38 Even number

15, 17, __, 21, 23 Odd number 19, __, 23, 25, 27 Odd number
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

ACTIVITY 2: predict the next number

Find the next number in the sequence:

17, 19, 21, 23, 25

__ 58, 60, 62, 64, __
66

39, 41, 43, 45, __

47 29
21, 23, 25, 27, __

40, 42, 44, 46, __

48 84, 86, 88, 90, __
92
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

Pascal’s Triangle

Definition: A triangular array of numbers where each number is the

sum of the two numbers directly above it.
Mathematical application of Pascal’s Triangle:
1. Binomial expansion
2. Patterns in nature
3. Probability calculations.
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

Understanding Pascal’s Triangle Pattern

The first and last number of each row is always 1.
Each middle number is obtained by adding the two numbers
directly above it.

How the Numbers Are Generated

1. The first row starts with 1.
2. The second row consists of 1, 1.
3. From the third row onward, each number is calculated by adding
the two numbers above it:
Row 3: The number 2 is obtained by adding 1 + 1 (from Row 2).
Row 4: The number 3 is obtained by adding 1 + 2 (from Row 3).
Row 5: The number 6 is obtained by adding 3 + 3 (from Row 4).
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

Fibonacci Numbers

Definition: a series of numbers where each number is the sum of the

two numbers before it.
Steps of Fibonacci Numbers:
1. The sequence always starts with 1 and 1.
2. To find the next number, add the two previous numbers together.
The third number: 1 + 1 = 2
The fourth number: 1 + 2 = 3
The fifth number: 2 + 3 = 5
The sixth number: 3 + 5 = 8
The seventh number: 5 + 8 = 13
So the Fibonacci sequence is 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

1.2 Sequences
What is a sequence?
A sequence is a set of numbers arranged in a
specific order based on a rule.
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

1. Look at the differences between consecutive numbers.

Example: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, …
Pattern: Each number increases by 2.

2. Check for multiplication or division patterns.

Example: 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, …
Pattern: Each number is multiplied by 2.
How to Identify
a Pattern in a 3. Observe square numbers or special patterns.

Sequence? Example: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, …

Pattern: These are square numbers (1², 2², 3², ...).

4. Recognize the Fibonacci sequence.

Example: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, …
Pattern: Each number is the sum of the two previous numbers.
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

1.3 Patterns &

Sequences
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

Expressing Patterns Using Numbers

Numbers can be arranged in a sequence following a specific pattern.

For example:
👉 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, …
What do you notice?
✔️ Each number is increasing by 2.
✔️ This pattern is called a number pattern.
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

Expressing Patterns Using Words

Instead of just listing numbers, we can describe the pattern in words.

For the sequence 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, …, we can say:
"Start with 2. Then, add 2 to the previous number to get the next number."
Another example:
👉 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, …
"Start with 1. Then, add 2, then 3, then 4, and so on."
Writing patterns in words helps explain the logic behind the sequence.
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

Expressing Patterns Using

Algebraic Expressions
An algebraic expression is a way of writing a pattern using letters and numbers.
For example:
👉 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, … Tn = 2n
1st term = 2 × 1 = 2 T(1) = 2(1) = 2

2nd term = 2 × 2 = 4 T(2) = 2(2) = 4

3rd term = 2 × 3 = 6 T(3) = 2(3) = 6

4th term = 2 × 4 = 8 T(4) = 2(4) = 8

5th term = 2 × 5 = 10 T(5) = 2(5) = 10

The pattern follows Tn = 2n, where:

✔️ Tn = the value of the term in position n
✔️ n = the position of the number in the sequence
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

For example:
If n = 1, then T₁ = 2(1) = 2
If n = 2, then T₂ = 2(2) = 4
If n = 3, then T₃ = 2(3) = 6
… and so on.

This algebraic expression allows us to find any number in the sequence without
listing all the numbers one by one!
 MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

ACTIVITY 3: WRITE THE PATTERN

Write the pattern using Numbers, Words, and an Algebraic Expression:

Numbers: Increasing by 5 Numbers: Multiply by 2

Words: Start at 5, then add 5 to each previous number Words: Start at 2, then multiply by 2 to each previous
number
AE: T1 = 5(1) = 5
T2 = 5(2) = 10 Sequence: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, … Sequence: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, AE:
… T1 =2
T2 = 2(2) = 4
T3 = 5(3) = 15
T4 = 5(4) = 20 T3 = 4(2) = 8
T5 = 5(5) = 25 T4 = 8(2) = 16
T5 = 16(2) = 32
Tn = Answer for each term x 2

Sequence: 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, … Sequence: 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, …
Numbers: Increasing by 2
Numbers: Substract by 10
Words: Start at 4 then add 2 to each previous number
Words: Start at 100, then substract 10 to each previous
AE: T1 = 4(1) = 4 Numbers: Increasing by 2, 3, 4, and 5 number
T2 = 4(2) = 8
T3 = 4(3) = 12 Words: Start at 1, then add 2, add 3, add 4, add 5 and so on AE: T1 = 100 - (1-1) x 10 = 100
T4 = 4(4) = 16 T2 = 100 - (2 - 1) x 10 = 90
T5 = 4(5) = 20
Sequence: 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, … AE: T1 =1
T2 = 1 + 2 = 3
T3 = 100 - (3 - 1) x 10 = 80
T4 = 100 - (4 - 1) x 10 = 70
T3 = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 T5 = 100 - (5 - 1) x 10 = 60
T4 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10
T5 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15 Tn = 100 - (n - 1) x 10
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

Terms of a Sequence

A sequence is a set of numbers arranged in a particular order

following a pattern.
Each number in the sequence is called a term.
For example:
👉 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, …
1st term = 5 × 1 = 5
2nd term = 5 × 2 = 10
3rd term = 5 × 3 = 15
4th term = 5 × 4 = 20
5th term = 5 × 5 = 25, and so on.
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

ACTIVITY 4: identify the pattern

Look at each sequence below and determine the pattern. Then, write the next two terms:

+2 +2 +2 +3 +5 +7 +9 +11

__, 12
2, 4, 6, 8, 10 __ 26 37
2, 5, 10, 17, __, __

+2 +3
+4 +5 +6 +7 x2 x2
x2 x2 x2
1, 3, 6, 10, 15, __, 28
21 __ 3, 6, 12, 24, 48
__, 96
__

-10 -10 -10

100, 90, 80, 70, 60 50
__, __
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

ACTIVITY 5: FILL IN THE MISSING TERM

Each sequence below has a missing number. Identify the pattern and fill in the blank:

+3 +3 +3 +3 +3 +5 +7 +9 +11 Added by odd numbers

9 12, 15
3, 6, __, 16 25, 36
1, 4, 9, __, OR
1², 2², 3², 4², 5², 6² Squared for each term

-5 -5 -5 -5
40 35, 30
50, 45, __, 21, __, 13, 8, 5, 3, 2, 1
-13 -8 -5 -3 -2 -1 -1
34 21, 13, 8, 5, 3, 2, 1
__,
x2 x2
x2 x2 x2
2, 4, 8, 16
__, 32, 64
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

Solving Problems Involving Sequences

Real-World Applications of Sequences

Sequences appear in many real-life situations, such as:
✅ Savings Plan – Increasing savings over time using a fixed pattern.
✅ Seating Arrangements – Arranging seats in stadiums or auditoriums following a sequence.
✅ Construction & Architecture – Designing steps, tiles, or bricks in a specific pattern.
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

ACTIVITY 6: SOLVE THESE PROBLEMS

Look at each sequence below and determine the pattern. Then, write the next two terms:

A staircase has 3 steps in the first row, 5 steps in the second row, and 7 steps *Added by 2
21
9 11
in the third row. How many steps will there be in the 10th row? 3, 5, 7, __, __, 15
__, 13 __, 19
__, 17 ??
__,__
= 21 steps will be in the 10th row
A theater arranges seats in a pattern:
*Added by 4
Row 1 has 6 seats 34
__, 22
6, 10, 14, 18 __, 26 30 __
__, __, ??
Row 2 has 10 seats
= There will be 34 seats in Row 8
Row 3 has 14 seats

How many seats will there be in Row 8?

MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

ACTIVITY 6: SOLVE THESE PROBLEMS

Look at each sequence below and determine the pattern. Then, write the next two terms:

Ali saves money every week using a pattern: A warehouse stacks boxes in a pattern:

Week 1: RM10 Layer 1: 1 box *Added by odd numbers

*Added by 10

Week 2: RM20 __, 50

10, 20, 30, 40 60 Layer 2: 4 boxes
__, __ __, 25
1, 4, 9, 16 __
Week 3: RM30 = Ali will save RM 60 in Week 6 Layer 3: 9 boxes 1², 2². 3²
= There will be 25 boxes in Layer 5
How much will he save in Week 6? How many boxes will there be in Layer 5?
MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

5 + 5(0) = 5
5 + 5(1) = 10
5 + 5(2) = 15
........
KBAT Questions
5 + 5(19) =
Please answer all the questions:

A stadium arranges seats in a triangular pattern. The first row has 5 seats, the

second row has 10 seats, the third row has 15 seats, and so on. How many seats
*Added by 5 for each term
will be in the 20th row?
5, 10, 15, 20
__, __, 30 35
25 __, __, __, __, 50
40 45 __, __, 65 70
60 __,
55 __, 75 80
__, __, 85 __,
__, __, 95 100
90 __, __
= There will be 100 seats in the 20th row
Suppose the ticket price for each seat is RM50. If a section of the stadium

consists of 25 rows following the same seating pattern, calculate the total

revenue if all seats are sold.

MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

KBAT Questions
Please answer all the questions:

The stadium management wants to maximize audience view by designing a

seating arrangement where each row is wider than the previous row. If the

width of the first row is 3 meters and increases by 0.5 meters per row, find the

width of the 15th row.

A VIP section in the stadium follows a different pattern where the number of

seats in each row doubles compared to the previous row. If the first row has 4

seats, how many seats will be in the 10th row?

MATHEMATICS CLASS CHAPTER 1: PATTERNS & SEQUENCES

Thank You
See you in the next class!