PYTHON CONTEST MASTER SHEET –

DEFINITIONS:-

1. Variable – A named location in memory to store data.

2. Data Type – Classification of data like int, float, str, etc.
3. Mutable – Values can be changed after creation (list, dict, set).
4. Immutable – Values cannot be changed after creation (int, str, tuple).
5. String – Sequence of characters in quotes.
6. List – Ordered, mutable collection.
7. Tuple – Ordered, immutable collection.
8. Dictionary – Unordered key-value pairs.
9. Set – Unordered collection of unique items.
10. Function – Reusable block of code, defined using def.
11. Indentation – Spaces at the start of a line that define code blocks.
12. Loop – Repeats code multiple times.
13. For Loop – Iterates over a sequence.
14. While Loop – Runs while condition is true.
15. Conditional Statement – Runs code if a condition is true (if, elif, else).
16. Operator – Symbol that performs an operation on values.
17. Arithmetic Operators – +, -, \*, /, %, //, \*\*.
18. Comparison Operators – ==, !=, <, >.
19. Logical Operators – and, or, not.
20. Membership Operators – in, not in.
21. Identity Operators – is, is not.
22. Indexing – Accessing elements via position number.
23. Slicing – Extracting part of a sequence (start\:end\:step).
24. Comment – Notes ignored by Python (# or ''' for multi-line).
25. Type Casting – Converting data types (int(), str()).
26. Syntax Error – Mistake in code that breaks Python rules.
27. Runtime Error – Error during execution.
28. Print Function – Displays output.
29. Input Function – Reads user input.
30. Range Function – Creates a sequence of numbers.

1. Python Basics
Case sensitive Name name

Comments # single line / ''' multi line '''

Variables no need to declare type, e.g. x = 5

Keywords if, else, for, while, def, return, True, False, None, and, or, not

2. Data Types
Type Example Mutable?
int 5 No
float 5.2 No
str "hello" No
list [1, 2, 3] Yes
tuple (1, 2, 3) No
dict {"a": 1, "b": 2} Yes
set {1, 2, 3} Yes

3. Operators
Arithmetic: + - * / // % **
Comparison: == != > < >= <=

Logical: and or not

Membership: in, not in

Identity: is, is not

4. Strings
python
Copy
Edit
s = "python"
s[0] # 'p'
s[-1] # 'n'
s[1:4] # 'yth'
len(s) # 6
s.upper() # 'PYTHON'
s.lower() # 'python'

5. Lists
nums = [1, 2, 3]
nums.append(4) # [1, 2, 3, 4]
nums.remove(2) # [1, 3, 4]
nums[1] = 10 # [1, 10, 4]
6. Conditional Statements
if x > 0:
print("Positive")
elif x < 0:
print("Negative")
else:
print("Zero")

7. Loops
for i in range(5): # 0 1 2 3 4
print(i)

while x < 5:
print(x)
x += 1

8. Functions
def add(a, b):
return a + b
print(add(2, 3))
9. Input/Output
python
Copy
Edit
name = input("Enter name: ")
n = int(input("Enter number: "))
10. Common Short Programs
Reverse String s[::-1]

Sum of List sum(lst)

Max of List max(lst)

Check Prime loop till n

Count Vowels check in "aeiou"

11. Common Mistakes in Contests

Forgetting to convert input to int

Index errors (list index out of range)

Missing colon (:) after if, for, def

Case sensitivity errors

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MCQs:-

1. Which of the following is a valid variable name?

A) 2name
B) name_2
C) name-2
D) name 2
Answer: B

2. Output of:
print(type(5/2))
A) <class 'int'>
B) <class 'float'>
C) <class 'double'>
D) Error
Answer: B

3. Output of:
print(3 * "Hi")
Answer: HiHiHi

4. Which is not a data type in Python?

A) list
B) set
C) array
D) tuple
Answer: C (array is in a module, not a built-in type)

5. Output of:
print("5" + "6")
Answer: 56 (string concatenation)

6. What will bool(0) return?

Answer: False
7. Output of:
print(2 ** 3 ** 2)
Answer: 512 (right-to-left exponentiation)

8. Which of these is mutable?

Answer: List

9. What will be printed?

x = [1, 2, 3]
x[1] = 10
print(x)
Answer: [1, 10, 3]

10. Which function is used to find the largest value?

Answer: max()

11. What is the index of the last element in a list of length 5?

Answer: 4

12. Output of:

print("python"[1:4])
Answer: yth (1 to 3)

13. Which keyword is used for a function in Python?

Answer: def

14. Output of:

for i in range(2, 10, 3):
print(i, end=" ")
Answer: 2 5 8

15. What will this print?

print(bool(" "))
Answer: True (non-empty string is True, even if it’s just space)

16. Which function gives the length of a string?

Answer: len()

17. Output of:

a=5
b=2
print(a % b)
Answer: 1 (modulus)

18. What will happen?

x=5
print(x == 5 and x > 2)
Answer: True

19. Which method adds an element to a list?

Answer: .append()

20. Output of:

print("A" in "APPLE")
Answer: True

21. Which statement is correct for comments in Python?

 Answer: Start with #

22. Output of:

for i in range(1, 4):
print(i * "*")
Answer:

*
**
***

23. What will this print?

print(5 > 3 or 2 > 10)
Answer: True

24. Which operator is used for floor division?

Answer: //

25. Output of:

print(int("5") + 2)
Answer: 7

26. Which one will cause an error?

A) len("Hi")
B) len(123)
Answer: B (len() works only on sequences, not integers)

27. Output of:

x = [1, 2]
y=x
y.append(3)
print(x)
Answer: [1, 2, 3] (same reference)

28. What is type( (5,) )?

Answer: <class 'tuple'> (single-element tuple needs a comma)

29. Output of:

print("abc" * 0)
Answer: "" (empty string)

30. Which function converts string to lowercase?

Answer: .lower()

Q1. What will this code output?

print(5 // 2)
A) 2.5
B) 2
C) 3
D) 2.0
Answer: B (integer division)

Q2. Which data type is ["apple", "banana"]?

A) Tuple
B) List
C) Dictionary
D) Set
Answer: B
Q3. Output of:
print("python"[::-1])
A) python
B) nohtyp
C) pytho
D) Error
Answer: B (string slicing reverse)

Q4. Which operator is used for exponent in Python?

A) ^
B) **
C) pow
D) ^^
Answer: B

Q5. Which of these is immutable?

A) List
B) Set
C) Tuple
D) Dictionary
Answer: C

Q6. What will this print?

x = 10
x += 5
print(x)
Answer: 15
Q7. Which function returns the length of a list?
A) count()
B) size()
C) len()
D) length()
Answer: C

Q8. Output of:

print(2 ** 3 ** 2)
Answer: 512 (right-to-left exponentiation)

Q9. How do you take integer input?

Answer: int(input())

Q10. Output of:

print(bool(""))
Answer: False (empty string is false)

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CODING PRACTICE-

1. Reverse a string
s = input()
print(s[::-1])

2. Even or odd
n = int(input())
if n % 2 == 0:
print("Even")
else:
print("Odd")

3. Factorial
n = int(input())
fact = 1
for i in range(1, n+1):
fact *= i
print(fact)

4. Fibonacci
n = int(input())
a, b = 0, 1
for _ in range(n):
print(a, end=" ")
a, b = b, a+b

5. Count vowels
s = input().lower()
count = 0
for ch in s:
if ch in "aeiou":
count += 1
print(count)

6. Largest of three
a, b, c = map(int, input().split())
print(max(a, b, c))

7. Sum of list
nums = list(map(int, input().split()))
print(sum(nums))

8. Palindrome check
s = input()
if s == s[::-1]:
print("Palindrome")
else:
print("Not Palindrome")

9. Multiplication table
n = int(input())
for i in range(1, 11):
print(n, "x", i, "=", n*i)

10. Prime check

n = int(input())
if n > 1:
for i in range(2, int(n**0.5)+1):
if n % i == 0:
print("Not Prime")
break
else:
print("Prime")
else:
print("Not Prime")

1. Largest of Two Numbers

a, b = map(int, input().split())
print(max(a, b))

2. Largest of Three Numbers

a, b, c = map(int, input().split())
print(max(a, b, c))

3. Factorial of a Number
n = int(input())
fact = 1
for i in range(1, n+1):
fact *= i
print(fact)

4. Prime Numbers up to N
n = int(input())
for i in range(2, n+1):
for j in range(2, i):
if i % j == 0:
break
else:
print(i, end=" ")

5. Armstrong Number
n = int(input())
p = len(str(n))
print("Armstrong" if sum(int(d)**p for d in str(n)) == n else "Not Armstrong")

6. Remove Duplicates from List

lst = list(map(int, input().split()))
print(list(set(lst)))

7. Sort List
lst = list(map(int, input().split()))
print(sorted(lst))
8. Find Second Largest
lst = list(map(int, input().split()))
print(sorted(set(lst))[-2])

9. Table of a Number
n = int(input())
for i in range(1, 11):
print(n, "x", i, "=", n*i)

10. GCD (HCF) of Two Numbers

import math
a, b = map(int, input().split())
print(math.gcd(a, b))

11. LCM of Two Numbers

import math
a, b = map(int, input().split())
print(math.lcm(a, b))
12. Leap Year Check
y = int(input())
print("Leap" if (y % 4 == 0 and y % 100 != 0) or (y % 400 == 0) else "Not Leap")
13. Swap Two Numbers (Without Temp)
a, b = map(int, input().split())
a, b = b, a
print(a, b)

14. List Comprehension (Squares)

n = int(input())
print([i**2 for i in range(1, n+1)])
s = input()
print(len(s.split()))

16. Character Frequency

s = input()
freq = {}
for ch in s:
freq[ch] = freq.get(ch, 0) + 1
print(freq)

17. Simple Calculator

a, b = map(float, input().split())
op = input()
if op == '+': print(a+b)
elif op == '-': print(a-b)
elif op == '*': print(a*b)
elif op == '/': print(a/b if b != 0 else "Error")
else: print("Invalid")
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EXTRASSSSSSSSSS-

1. Python Basics — Key Definitions

Variable: A name given to a value stored in memory.

Data Types:

* int whole numbers

* float decimal numbers
* str text (string)
* bool True/False
* list ordered, changeable
* tuple ordered, unchangeable
* set unordered, unique items
* dict key–value pairs

Type Casting: Converting data type int(), float(), str()

Operators:

* Arithmetic: + - \* / // % \*\*
* Comparison: == != > < >= <=
* Logical: and or not

Control Flow:
* if, elif, else for decisions
* for and while loops for repetition

Functions: Blocks of code run when called, defined using def.

Mutable vs Immutable: Lists, sets, dicts are mutable; strings, tuples are immutable.

Indexing & Slicing: Access parts of a sequence using \[] and \[:].

Modules: Pre-written code you can import import math

2. MCQ Focus Areas

* Predict output from small code snippets.

* Identify errors (indentation, wrong syntax).
* Data type conversions.
* Operator precedence:
Highest () \*\* \* / // % + - comparison not and or

String slicing examples:

s = "Python"
s\[1:4] # "yth"
s\[::-1] # reverse

is vs ==:

* is checks object identity

* \== checks value equality
Mutable vs Immutable behavior in assignments.

3. Likely Coding Questions for Round 2

Practice & Memorize:

1. Reverse a string
2. Check palindrome (string/number)
3. Find factorial of a number
4. Prime number check / list primes in range
5. Fibonacci series
6. Armstrong number check
7. Count vowels in a string
8. Find largest/smallest in list
9. Sum of list elements
10. Sort list without using sort() (bubble sort logic)

4. Speed & Accuracy Tips

* Use map(int, input().split()) for multiple integer inputs in one line.

* Always test with small and edge cases (0, 1, negatives).
* If stuck, break problem into input processing output.
* For strings, remember .lower() and .upper() for case handling.
* Use f"" (f-strings) for clean, fast printing.
5. Contest Survival Strategy

Round 1 (MCQ):

* Read last line first know the final output requirement.

* Watch for tricky options like '5' + 2 (error) vs '5' \* 2 ('55').

Round 2 (Coding):

* Write the logic first, then handle inputs/outputs as per question format.
* Keep your code simple — don’t overcomplicate.
* If possible, finish early & test with given + custom test cases.

6. Common Pitfalls to Avoid

* Forgetting int() after input() for math.

* Writing if a = b: instead of if a == b:.
* Missing colons : after if, for, while, def.
* Infinite while loops.
* Wrong indentation — Python is sensitive!