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Croatia English Pentair II

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Croatia English Pentair II

Uploaded by

Harun Erpolat

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SEISMIC PROTECTION

FOR FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Ing. Matteo Baleni

PENTAIR
Electrical & Fastening Solutions
Senior Sales Engineer CADDY Seismic Protection
AGENDA

1. INTRODUCTION TO SEISMIC BRACING DESIGN OF FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

a. Earthquakes
b. Design codes and standards
2. SEISMIC BRACING
a. Standard supports
b. Sway braces
c. CADDY ® Bracing System
d. CADDY® Bracing System Calculator
e. CADDY® Seismic Handbooks
3. QUESTIONS

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.
INTRODUCTION TO
SEISMIC DESIGN OF
FIRE SPRINKLER
SYSTEMS

1.a
EARTHQUAKES

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.a TERMINOLOGY
Earthquake
Rapid vibration of the earth’s surface due to sudden movements of rocky
masses in the subsoil, leading to energy release spreading in the form of
waves propagating in all directions
Hypocenter
Exact point in the subsoil from which the energy generated by the
movement radiates
Epicenter
Hypocenter vertical projection on the surface

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.a MEASUREMENTS
The intensity of an earthquake can be measured using three different (but
correlated) parameters:

[Link] SCALE

2. RICHTER SCALE

3. PEAK GROUND ACCELERATION (PGA)

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.a MERCALLI SCALE
It provides an estimate of the intensity of an earthquake based on the
effects locally induced on structures, people and things

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.a RICHTER SCALE
It measures (on a logarithmic scale) the magnitude of a seismic event
providing an estimate of the energy released at the hypocenter

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.a PGA
It measures the intensity of a seismic event on the Earth’s surface for a
specific area through accelerometers

Seismic waves emanating from the hypocenter generate on the Earth’s

surface vertical and horizontal movements (THE MOST DANGEROUS!!!)KG3

PGA measures their maximum acceleration in terms of “g” (m/s2)

All data from accelerometers are analyzed and statistically interpolated

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

Slide 8

KG3 As far as I now the most dangerous are the vertical movements. These are far more destructive than the horizontal movements.
However, vertical movements are very very rare, this is why everybody is concetrating on the horizontal movements. Just a suggestion,
does not have to be included in the presentation :)
Kurczveil, Gabriel, 14-Apr-16
1.a COMPARISON
Mercalli vs. Richter
Mercalli scale measures the effects on the surface, Richter scale estimates what happens in the
subsoil

PGA vs. Mercalli

PGA measures what Mercalli scale estimates

PGA vs. Richter

Richter scale estimates the seismic event total energy released at the hypocenter, PGA measures its
effects on the surface

Charts exist that attempt to correlate the different measurement parameters:

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.a SEISMIC MAP

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.a EXAMPLES

Italia - L’Aquila (April, 6th, 2009)

• 308 casualties
• 1.600 injured
• 65.000 evacuated
• [Link]€ damages

Details
• Depth: 8km
• Duration: 23 sec
• Mercalli: VIII/IX grade
• Richter: 5.9
• PGA: 0.68g

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.a EXAMPLES

Italia – Emilia (May, 20th-29th, 2012)

• 27 casualties
• 400 injured
• 45.000 evacuated
• [Link]€ damages

Details
• Depth: 6.3km – 9.6km
• Duration: 20 sec – 10 sec
• Mercalli: VII/VIII grade
• Richter: 6
• PGA: 0.35g

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.a EXAMPLES

Japan – Tohōku (March, 11th, 2011)

• 18.000 casualties
• 5.300 injured
• 4.600 missing
• Damages: >[Link]$

Details
• Depth: 30km
• Duration: 6 minutes
• Mercalli: IX grade
• Richter: 9
• PGA: 2.9g

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.a EXAMPLES
Most powerful earthquake ever recorded!!!
Chile - Valdivia (May, 22nd,1960)
• 3000 casualties
• 2.000.0000 evacuated
• [Link]$ damages (actualized
2011)

Details
• Depth: 39km
• Duratio: 6 minutes
• Mercalli: XI/XII grade
• Richter: 9.5
• PGA: 0.33g

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.b
DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.b OVERVIEW
Current seismic design codes and standards are used and applied differently
depending on WHAT they have to be used for:
• Known, accepted and used everywhere for structural elements
• NON structural elements are in a kind of limbo, especially as far as systems
are concerned:
HVAC
Gas
Electrical
Mechanical
Fire protection
Disposal
…
Fire protection systems are life-saving pieces of equipment that MUST operate
safely even during seismic events!!!

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.b CODES AND STANDARDS
Codes and norms for seismic design in fire protection systems can be approached
and applied at three different levels:

NATIONAL

SUPRANATIONAL

GLOBAL

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.b LOCAL LEVEL
Each country, depending on the seismic sensitivity of its territory, may have its
own local building code and may have developed a territory seismic map

Their contents and specifications, if stricter,

prevail over the supranational and global ones

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.b SUPRANATIONAL LEVEL
For FP systems the text of reference in Europe is EN12845 (2015) edited by CEN (European Committee
for Standardization):

EN12845 provides a pan-European standard for the design, installation, and maintenance of
automatic sprinkler systems and encompasses the basic requirements set forth by local rules
into one European Standard

Chap. 17 is about pipework…

But things are about to change…

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.b SUPRANATIONAL LEVEL

• Rev. 1: published 2015. Sway braces NOT INCLUDED (not even in

Annexes)

• Rev. 2: complete code review! Sway bracing design will finally become
mandatory
Expected release date: 2019/2020

There’s been a request from some CEN members to mandatorily anticipate

the seismic design phase through a TECHNICAL REPORT

EFFECTIVE FROM 2018 SECOND HALF!!!

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.b SUPRANATIONAL LEVEL

HOW WILL SWAY BRACES BE CALCULATED?

NFPA13 or FM 2-8!!!

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

1.b GLOBAL LEVEL

National Fire Protection Association Factory Mutual

• Established in 1896 (Massachussets, US) • Established in1835 (Rhode Island, US)

• Purpose: minimize the risk and effects of fire (as • International property insurance and loss
well as other risky factors such as hazardous prevention engineering company
gasses) in daily life, through research, training and
• Approx. 130 branches all over the world
publication of standards and codes
KG7
• Approx. 70,000 members all over the world • (Datasheet mostly derived from NFPA 13-2007)

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

Slide 22

KG7 Our Data Sheets detailing fire protection installation requirements were mostly derived from NFPA till 2008-2009. Since than, FM Global
wrote his own data sheets with slight changes to NFPA. Most of the test related to protection systems are done in the Research
Campus of FM Global in collaboration with NFPA. The big difference is that NFPA is the National code of America and focuses on life
safety manners, however FM Global is a Property Insurer focusing on property saving. This requires higher or more stringent
requirements than NFPA.
Kurczveil, Gabriel, 14-Apr-16
2.
SEISMIC BRACING PER
FM 2-8 – NFPA 13

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2. FM 2-8 - NFPA 13
Provide calculation methods to resist the two different
type of loads insisting on a system:

HORIZONTAL LOADS
(Sway braces)

VERTICAL LOADS
(Standard supports)

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.a
STANDARD SUPPORTS
(vertical loads)

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.a WORKLOADS
Hanging systems must resist the following loads:

EN 12845 FM 2-0 NFPA 13

2x weight of the 5x weight of the

water-filled pipe (≥ 1,7kN) water-filled pipe
[[Link].1] + 1,14kN [[Link].1.1]

[Tab. 40]

P.e.:
ACTUAL LOAD
• Pipe diameter: 4”
• Weight (water-filled pipe): .18kN/m .18[kN/m] x 3[m] = .54[kN]
• Span: 3m

EN12845 WORKLOAD: FM 2-0 WORKLOAD: NFPA 13 WORKLOAD:

(.18[kN/m] x 3[m]) x 2; ≥ 1.7[kN] (.18[kN/m] x 3[m]) x 5 + 1.14[kN]
= 3.5[kN]
= 1.7[kN] = 3.99[kN]

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.a SPACING
Maximum span cannot exceed the charted values:

EN 12845

FM 2-0

NFPA 13

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.b
SWAY BRACES
(horizontal loads)

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.b FM 2-8 and NFPA 13

Factory Mutual National Fire Protection Association

Design approach and calculation methods are almost the same

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.b FM 2-8 and NFPA 13

FM 2-8 (2010 Edition)

Ch. [Link].1 (A-L) and [Link].2 (A-J) list them all!!!

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.b FM 2-8 and NFPA 13
What are the differences between NFPA 13 ed FM 2-8?

• Branch line restraints

NFPA 13 mandates the installation of restraints (a lesser degree of resisting
loads than bracings) on branches < 21/2”, to be calculated using specific tables.
FM doesn’t

• Bracing slenderness ratio/cable bracing

NFPA 13 allows tension only systems with slenderness ratio up to 300, including
cable bracing (simmetrically installed)
FM does not allow cables

• Seismic force
The way to define the parameters to calculate the seismic force are different

NFPA 13 is currently a little bit more complete than FM 2-8

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.b RULES
Piping systems and structural elements must be rigidly connected to minimize uncontrolled
differential movements leading to damages (impaired fire protection, water leakage, …)

Basic rules:
• Structural elements (wood, concrete or steel) must be able to resist seismic load
• Bracing must be at an angle of at least at 30 degrees from the vertical
• Sway braces must resist both tension and compression forces
• Tension only braces (e.g. cables) can be used, provided they are properly (simmetrically) installed
• Flexibility must be provided between portions of braced piping, when expected to move differntially:
seismic separation assemblies must be used when crossing building separation joints

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.b TERMINOLOGY

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

KG8

2.b MAINS
Lateral sway braces
Installed to prevent horizontal movements perpendicular to pipe axis

Where to install them?

• On every FEED and CROSS main (regardless of pipe size)
• Within 1,8m from the end of the pipe
• Maximum allowed spacing: 12,2m
– Position based on structure
– Be symmetrical when possible

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

Slide 34

KG8 The word "Branchline" should be crossed as in the next slide in the snapshot from right.
Kurczveil, Gabriel, 14-Apr-16
2.b MAINS
Longitudinal sway braces
Installed to prevent horizontal movements parallel to pipe axis

Where to install them?

• On every FEED and CROSS main (regardless of pipe size)
• Within 12,2m from the end of the pipe
• Maximum allowed spacing : 24,4m

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.b MAINS
Provide both a LATERAL and a LONGITUDINAL sway bracing within 0,6m from every change of
direction

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.b RISERS
Riser braces
Installed to prevent movements perpendicular to pipe axis

Where to install them?

•Within 0.6m max. from top of riser
•Maximum allowed spacing: 7,6m (NFPA 13) / 12m (FM)

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.b BRANCHES
Restraints (NFPA 13)
Prevent branch lines flapping, dangerous for system stability
Provide a lesser degree of resisting loads than bracings

Where to install them?

• BRANCH with diameter ≤ 2”
• Maximum span depending on pipe diameter, material and seismic coefficient Cp (Tab. 9.3.6.4a)

NOT REQUIRED BY CURRENT FM GLOBAL 2-8 DATASHEET (2010 Ed.)

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

KG9

2.b ZOI
Zone of Influence (ZOI)
Portion of the piping system reinforced by a single brace.
It has to be defined, calculated and verified by the designer: the SEISMIC FORCE acting
on it must be smaller than the resistance of each brace component (iterative process)

LATERAL SWAY BRACE

It includes BRANCHES and MAINS

LONGITUDINAL SWAY BRACE

It includes MAINS only

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

Slide 39

KG9 It would be great if the Zone of Inlfuence plan could be explained to the contractors, because nobody is doing this plan and by
complicated projects helps the contractor and also me to determine the position of the lateral hanger with the highest loading. In my
presentation I have a good example for Zone of Inlfuence plan, that could be used here.
Kurczveil, Gabriel, 14-Apr-16
2.b SEISMIC FORCE
How to calculate a sway brace?
Seismic horizontal force must be determined as follows:

H = G x Wp (FM) Fwp = Cp x Wp (NFPA)

G factor: horizontal acceleration Cp : seismic coefficient
Based on FM Datasheet 1-2 EARTHQUAKES Based on Short Period Response Parameter Ss,
seismic risk maps, showing the mean return depending on the geographical area
period of damaging ground motion at a site (very close to Peak Ground Acceleration)

From 0,35 to 1,87

IF Cp DATA ARE NOT AVAILABLE:
Cp = 0.5
From 0,4 to 0,75
(Ch. [Link].5)
(for each return period there’s a minimum G value)

Wp: weight of water-filled piping system Wp: weight of water-filled piping system
within a ZOI within a ZOI
Wp = ZOI pipes weight Wp = ZOI pipes weight x 1.15

40
PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL
2.b CALCULATION REPORT LAYOUT
1 Technical/jobsite details
2 4
Reinforcing brace
details Seismic components details

3 5
Anchor details Brace drawing

6 7
ZOI details Seismic
loads
calculation

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.b CALCULATION REPORT LAYOUT

It must ALWAYS be:

F7 < min (R2, R3, R4)

Where:
F7 = SEISMIC HORIZONTAL FORCE
Rx = COMPONENTS MAXIMUM LOAD

(to be calculated on each single brace…)

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.c
CADDY® BRACING SYSTEM

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.c Sway Brace Components

Structural
Attachment

Brace pipe

Brace Clamp

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.c Structural Attachments

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

KG14

2.c Brace Clamps

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

Slide 46

KG14 I understood that this Quick Grip Junior is not produced anymore. If so, why included in the presentation?
Kurczveil, Gabriel, 14-Apr-16
2.c Structural attachments

Univ. Restraint Clip Univ. Restraint Clip - Retrofit

No-Pry Clip

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.c Brace

Cable Kit with Stake Eyes Cable Kit with Pain Ends

Bulk Cable

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.c Brace clamps

Crimp Sleeves

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.c Branch Line Restraints

Pipe Attachment Structural attachment Structural attachment Structural attachment

to wood / concrete to threaded hole to stele

PENTAIR PRIVATE & CONFIDENTIAL

2.d
CADDY® BRACING SYSTEM CALCULATOR