Assignment #2
1. Define in detail about Skewness, Kurtosis and Moments.
2. For the following distribution calculate first four moments about –
a) Moments about Origin
b) Moments about Mean
c) Moments about point 9
Marks 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Frequency 4 10 20 36 16 12 2
3. For the following distribution calculate first four moments about –
d) Moments about Origin
e) Moments about Mean
f) Moments about point 6
Marks 5- 10- 15- 20- 25- 30-
10 15 20 25 30 35
Frequency 4 10 6 5 3 2
4. consider a pack of 52 playing cards. A card is selected at random.
What is the
probability that the card is either a diamond or a ten?
5. A bag contains 20 balls, 3 are coloured red, 6 are coloured green, 4
are coloured
blue, 2 are coloured white and 5 are coloured yellow. One ball is
selected at
random. Find the probabilities of the following events.
a) the ball is either red or green
b) the ball is not blue
c) the ball is either red or white or blue. (Hint: consider the
complementary event.)
6. The diagram shows a simplified circuit in which two independent
components a
and b are connected in
a
b
The circuit functions if either or both of the components are
operational. It is
known that if A is the event ‘component a is operating’ and B is the
event
‘component b is operating’ then P(A) = 0.99, P(B) = 0.98 and P(A ∩
B) = 0.9702. Find
the probability that the circuit is functioning.
7. The following people are in a room: 5 men aged 21 and over, 4 men
under 21, 6 women aged 21 and over, and 3 women under 21. One
person is chosen at random. The following events are defined: A =
{the person is aged 21 and over}; B = {the person is under 21}; C
= {the person is male}; D = { the person is female}. Evaluate the
(a) P(B ∪ D)
following:
(b) P(A′ ∩ C′)
Express the meaning of these events in words.
8. A card is drawn at random from a deck of 52 playing cards. What is
the probability that it is an ace or a face card (i.e. K, Q, J)?
9. In a single throw of two dice, what is the probability that neither a
double nor a sum of 9 will appear?
10. In a class of 90 students, 50 took Math, 25 took Physics, and 30 took both Math and
Physics. Find the number of students who have taken either math or Physics.
11. If P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.7 and P(A∩B) = 0.1 then find P(A/B) and P(B / A).
12. If P(A) = 0.2, P(B/A) = 0.8 and P(A∪B) = 0.3 then find P(B).
13. A dice is rolled. If X = {1, 2, 6}, Y = {2, 4} and Z = {2, 4, 6} then, find P(X/Y),
P(X/Z).
14. A coin is tossed 3 times. Find the conditional probability P(C/D) where C = Head on
first Toss and D = Tail on second toss.
15. Given that P(A/B) = 3/ 7 then, find the conditional probability P(Ac /B).
16. Evaluate P(X∪Y), if 3P(X) = P(Y) = 2/5 and P(X/Y) = 4/5.
17. If P(A) = 5/8, P(B) = 1/4 and P(A /B) = 3 / 8. Find P(Ac/ Bc).
18. If P(A) = 0.25, P(B) = 0.6 and P(A∩B) = 0.5. Find P(A/B).
19. If P(A) = 0.3, P(B/A) = 0.4 and P(A∪B) = 0.5 then find P(B).
20. A dice is rolled. If X = {3, 5, 6}, Y = {3, 4} and Z = {1, 3, 6} then, find P(X/Y),
P(Y/Z), P(X/Z).
21. A coin is tossed 4 times. Find P(C/D) in C = Head on second Toss and D = Tail on
third toss
22. Given that the two numbers appearing on throwing two dice are different. Find the
probability of the event the sum of numbers appearing on dice is 8 and the number 4
appears once.
23. Evaluate P(X∪Y), if 2P(X) = P(Y) = 4/11 and P(X/Y) = 2/9.
24. If P(A) = 5/8, P(B) = 2/3 and P (A B) = 3 / 8. Find P (Ac/ Bc).
25. In a school there are 120 students out of which 60 are boys. It is known that out of 40,
10% of boys study in class 11. What is the probability that a student chosen randomly
studies in class 11 , given that the chosen student is a boy.
26. A coin is tossed 5 times. Find (X/Y) if X = at least two heads and Y = at most one tail.
27. A coin is tossed 4 times. Find (X/Y) if X = at most one head and Y = at most 3 tails.
28. Define Bayes Theorem. Difference Between Conditional Probability and Bayes
Theorem.
29. There are three urns containing 3 white and 2 black balls, 2 white and 3 black balls,
and 1 black and 4 white balls, respectively. There is an equal probability of each urn
being chosen. One ball is equal probability chosen at random. What is the probability
that a white ball will be drawn?
30. A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the pack, two
cards are drawn and are found to be both hearts. Find the probability of the lost card
being a heart.
31. A bag contains 4 red balls and 6 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random, and one
of them is red. What is the probability that the second ball drawn is also red, given
that the first ball was red?
32. In a factory, 80% of the products are produced by Machine A and 20% by Machine B.
Machine A produces 2% defective items, while Machine B produces 5% defective
items. If a product is found to be defective, what is the probability that it was
produced by Machine A?
