Data Management Platform - Complete System Architecture

1. High-Level Architecture Overview

System Layers
┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────
│ Presentation Layer │
│ (Next.js, TypeScript, React, D3.js) │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────
│ API Gateway Layer │
│ (FastAPI, Rate Limiting, Auth) │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────
│ Business Logic Layer │
│ (Data Contracts, Processing, Lineage, AI Engine) │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────
│ Integration Layer │
│ (Connectors, Adapters, External APIs) │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────
│ Message Queue & Orchestration │
│ (RabbitMQ, Async Processing, Jobs) │
├───────────────────────────────────────────────────
│ Data Layer │
│ (PostgreSQL, MongoDB, GCP Storage, BigQuery) │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────

2. Core Components Architecture

2.1 Flexible Data Contracts Engine
Components:
Contract Definition Service
Schema Parser (JSON Schema, Avro, Protobuf support)
Dynamic Field Mapper
Type Inference Engine
Contract Template Library
Contract Validation Service
Real-time validation using Pydantic
Schema compatibility checker
Breaking change detector
Contract versioning system
 Contract Registry
PostgreSQL storage for contract metadata
Version control with Git-like branching
Contract evolution tracking
Rollback capabilities
Data Flow:
Input Data → Schema Detection → Contract Generation →
Validation → Version Control → Registry Storage

2.2 Data Preprocessing Module

Components:
Data Cleaning Engine
Duplicate detection and removal
Missing value handler (imputation strategies)
Outlier detection algorithms
Data type correction
Data Standardization Service
Date/Time normalizer (multiple format support)
Currency converter with real-time rates
Category standardizer
Address and phone number formatter
Quality Assessment Module
Data profiling engine
Quality score calculator
Anomaly detection
Statistical analysis
Processing Pipeline:
Raw Data → Profiling → Cleaning → Standardization →
Quality Check → Human Review (if needed) → Clean Data

2.3 Cross-Platform Integration Architecture

Connector Framework:
 Database Connectors
MySQL Connector (pymysql)
PostgreSQL Connector (psycopg2)
MongoDB Connector (pymongo)
BigQuery Connector (google-cloud-bigquery)
SaaS Connectors
Salesforce API Integration
Mailchimp API Integration
HubSpot Connector
Zapier Webhook Handler
File System Connectors
CSV Parser (pandas)
Excel Reader (openpyxl)
JSON Handler
XML Parser
Adapter Pattern Implementation:
python
AbstractConnector
├── DatabaseConnector
│ ├── MySQLAdapter
│ ├── PostgreSQLAdapter
│ └── MongoDBAdapter
├── APIConnector
│ ├── SalesforceAdapter
│ ├── MailchimpAdapter
│ └── WebhookAdapter
└── FileConnector
├── CSVAdapter
├── ExcelAdapter
└── JSONAdapter

2.4 Data Lineage Tracking System

Components:
Lineage Metadata Collector
Source tracking
Transformation logging
 Destination mapping
Timestamp recording
Graph Database Structure
Nodes: Data sources, transformations, destinations
Edges: Data flow relationships
Properties: Metadata, timestamps, quality scores
Visualization Engine
D3.js graph renderer
Interactive flow diagrams
Real-time updates
Drill-down capabilities
Lineage Model:
Source Node → Transformation Node → Destination Node
↓ ↓ ↓
Metadata Processing Log Quality Metrics

2.5 Collaboration Framework

Features:
Team Workspace Manager
Project spaces
Role assignments
Permission management
Activity dashboard
Review & Approval System
Change request workflow
Multi-level approvals
Comment threads
Version comparison
Audit Trail Service
User action logging
Change history
Compliance reporting
 Data access logs
Collaboration Flow:
User Action → Permission Check → Execute →
Log Activity → Notify Team → Review Queue

2.6 AI Chatbot Assistant

Architecture:
Natural Language Processing
Intent recognition
Entity extraction
Query builder
Response generator
Action Executor
Data query engine
Modification handler
Feature selector
Report generator
Context Manager
Session state
User preferences
History tracking
Learning module
Chatbot Flow:
User Input → NLP Processing → Intent Detection →
Action Execution → Response Generation → User Feedback

2.7 Self-Healing Pipeline System

Components:
Error Detection Module
Schema drift detector
Connection monitor
Data quality validator
 Performance analyzer
Recovery Engine
Automatic retry mechanism
Fallback strategies
Circuit breaker pattern
Alert system
Health Monitoring
Pipeline status dashboard
Real-time metrics
SLA tracking
Predictive maintenance
Self-Healing Process:
Monitor → Detect Issue → Analyze →
Attempt Fix → Verify → Alert (if failed)

3. Database Schema Design

PostgreSQL Schema (Metadata & Configuration)
sql
 -- Contracts Table
CREATE TABLE data_contracts (
id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(255),
version VARCHAR(50),
schema JSONB,
created_by UUID,
created_at TIMESTAMP,
status VARCHAR(50)
);
-- Lineage Table
CREATE TABLE data_lineage (
id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
source_id UUID,
destination_id UUID,
transformation JSONB,
executed_at TIMESTAMP,
execution_time INTERVAL
);
-- Audit Log Table
CREATE TABLE audit_logs (
id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
user_id UUID,
action VARCHAR(255),
resource_type VARCHAR(100),
resource_id UUID,
timestamp TIMESTAMP,
details JSONB
);
-- User & Permissions
CREATE TABLE users (
id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
email VARCHAR(255),
role VARCHAR(50),
permissions JSONB,
created_at TIMESTAMP
);

MongoDB Schema (Flexible Data Storage)

javascript
 // Data Collection
{
_id: ObjectId,
source: String,
contract_id: String,
raw_data: Object,
processed_data: Object,
metadata: {
imported_at: Date,
processed_at: Date,
quality_score: Number,
transformations: Array
}
}
// Processing Logs
{
_id: ObjectId,
pipeline_id: String,
step: String,
status: String,
error_details: Object,
retry_count: Number,
timestamp: Date
}

4. API Architecture
RESTful API Endpoints
yaml
 # Data Contract APIs
POST /api/contracts/create
GET /api/contracts/{id}
PUT /api/contracts/{id}/update
GET /api/contracts/{id}/versions
POST /api/contracts/{id}/validate
# Data Processing APIs
POST /api/data/import
POST /api/data/clean
POST /api/data/transform
GET /api/data/quality/{dataset_id}
POST /api/data/export
# Integration APIs
POST /api/connectors/connect
GET /api/connectors/status
POST /api/connectors/sync
GET /api/connectors/available
# Lineage APIs
GET /api/lineage/{data_id}
GET /api/lineage/graph/{dataset_id}
GET /api/lineage/impact/{source_id}
# Collaboration APIs
POST /api/workspace/create
POST /api/review/submit
POST /api/review/{id}/approve
GET /api/audit/logs
POST /api/comments/add
# AI Chatbot API
POST /api/chat/message
GET /api/chat/history
POST /api/chat/execute-query

5. Security Architecture
Security Layers
Authentication & Authorization:
OAuth2/JWT implementation
Multi-factor authentication
 Session management
API key management
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC):
Roles:
├── Admin (Full access)
├── Data Engineer (Pipeline management)
├── Data Analyst (Read, query, export)
├── Reviewer (Approve changes)
└── Viewer (Read-only)

Data Security:
TLS 1.3 for data in transit
AES-256 encryption for data at rest
Field-level encryption for sensitive data
Data masking and anonymization
Compliance Features:
GDPR compliance tools
Data retention policies
Right to erasure implementation
Consent management
6. Infrastructure & Deployment
Container Architecture
yaml
 # Docker Compose Structure
services:
frontend:
image: nextjs-app
ports: 3000:3000
api:
image: fastapi-backend
ports: 8000:8000
postgres:
image: postgres:14
volumes: postgres_data
mongodb:
image: mongo:5
volumes: mongo_data
rabbitmq:
image: rabbitmq:3-management
ports: 5672:5672
redis:
image: redis:7
ports: 6379:6379

Kubernetes Deployment (GKE)

yaml
 # Deployment Configuration
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: data-platform
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: data-platform
template:
spec:
containers:
- name: api
image: gcr.io/project/api:latest
resources:
requests:
memory: "512Mi"
cpu: "500m"
limits:
memory: "1Gi"
cpu: "1000m"

7. Monitoring & Observability

Monitoring Stack
Metrics Collection:
Prometheus for metrics
Grafana for visualization
Custom dashboards for:
Pipeline performance
Data quality trends
System health
User activity
Logging Architecture:
Centralized logging with ELK stack
Structured logging format
Log aggregation and search
Alert rules and notifications
Tracing:
Distributed tracing with Jaeger
Request flow tracking
Performance bottleneck identification
Error trace analysis
8. Scalability Considerations
Horizontal Scaling Strategy
Application Layer:
Stateless services
Load balancing with nginx
Auto-scaling based on metrics
Circuit breaker pattern
Data Layer:
Database connection pooling
Read replicas for PostgreSQL
MongoDB sharding
Caching with Redis
Processing Layer:
Parallel processing with multiprocessing
Batch job optimization
Stream processing for real-time data
Queue-based task distribution
9. Development Workflow
CI/CD Pipeline
yaml
 Pipeline Stages:
1. Code Commit → Git Repository
2. Automated Testing
- Unit tests (pytest)
- Integration tests
- End-to-end tests
3. Code Quality Checks
- Linting (pylint, eslint)
- Security scanning
- Dependency checking
4. Build & Package
- Docker image creation
- Version tagging
5. Deploy to Staging
- Kubernetes deployment
- Smoke tests
6. Production Deployment
- Blue-green deployment
- Health checks
- Rollback capability

10. Performance Optimization

Optimization Strategies
Backend Optimization:
Async processing with FastAPI
Database query optimization
Connection pooling
Caching strategies
Frontend Optimization:
Code splitting
Lazy loading
Virtual scrolling for large datasets
WebSocket for real-time updates
Data Processing:
Chunked processing for large files
Parallel processing
Incremental updates
 Data sampling for previews
11. Disaster Recovery & Business Continuity
Backup Strategy
Automated daily backups
Point-in-time recovery
Cross-region replication
Backup testing procedures
Recovery Procedures
RTO: 4 hours
RPO: 1 hour
Automated failover
Manual intervention protocols
12. Cost Optimization
Resource Management
Auto-scaling policies
Spot instances for batch jobs
Storage tiering (hot/cold data)
Reserved capacity planning
Monitoring & Alerts
Cost tracking dashboards
Budget alerts
Resource utilization reports
Optimization recommendations