Solution Manual + Answer Key

Solution Manual for Starting out with Python 5th Edition by Tony
Gaddis

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Book Title: Starting out with Python

Edition: 5th Edition

Author: Tony Gaddis

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 Starting Out with Python, 5th Edition
Answers to Review Questions
Chapter 1

Multiple Choice
1. b
2. a
3. d
4. b
5. c
6. a
7. c
8. b
9. a
10. a
11. d
12. b
13. c
14. b
15. c
16. a
17. b
18. d
19. b
20. b
21 c
22. a
23. d
24. a
25. b

True or False
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. False
7. True
8. False
9. False
10. False

Short Answer
1. Because without it, the computer could not run software.

2. A bit that is turned on represents 1, and a bit that is turned off represents 0.
Starting Out with Python, 4/e Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
 3. A digital device

4. Keywords

5. Mnemonics

6. A compiler is a program that translates a high-level language program into a separate machine
language program. The machine language program can then be executed any time it is needed. An
interpreter is a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high-level language
program. As the interpreter reads each individual instruction in the program, it converts it to a machine
language instruction and then immediately executes it. Because interpreters combine translation and
execution, they typically do not create separate machine language programs.

7. Operating system

Exercises
1. No solution -- This is a hands-on exercise to help you learn how to work with the
Python interpreter in interactive mode.

2. No solution -- This is a hands-on exercise to help you learn how to work with the
IDLE programming environment.

3. Decimal Binary
11 1011
65 1000001
100 1100100
255 11111111

4. Binary Decimal
1101 13
1000 8
101011 43

5. Here is an example: The ASCII codes for the name Marty are:

M = 77
a = 97
r = 114
t = 226
y = 121

6.
• Guido van Rossum is the creator of the Python programming language.
• Python was created in the late 1980s.
• Benevolent Dictator for Life

Starting Out with Python, 4/e Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 2

Multiple Choice
1. c
2. b
3. d
4. b
5. a
6. c
7. a
8. b
9. d
10. a
11. b
12. d
13. b
14. a
15. a
16. c
17. a
18. b
19. a
20. b
21. b
22. b

True or False
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False

Short Answer
1 Interview the customer

2. An informal language that has no syntax rules, and is not meant to be compiled or executed. Instead,
programmers use pseudocode to create models, or "mock-ups" of programs.

3. (1) Input is received.

(2) Some process is performed on the input.
(3) Output is produced.

4. float

5. Floating point division returns a floating point number that may include fractions. Integer division
returns an integer and ignores any fractional part of the division result.

6. A magic number is an unexplained value that appears in a program's code. Magic numbers can be
problematic, for a number of reasons. First, it can be difficult for someone reading the code to
Starting Out with Python, 4/e Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
 determine the purpose of the number. Second, if the magic number is used in multiple places in the
program, it can take painstaking effort to change the number in each location, should the need arise.
Third, you take the risk of making a typographical mistake each time you type the magic number in the
program's code.

7. The named constant makes the program more self-explanatory. In a math statement, it is evident that
PI represents the value of pi. Another advantage to using the named constant is that widespread
changes can easily be made to the program. Let’s say the value of pi appears in several different
statements throughout the program. If you need to change the number of decimal places of precision
used with the number, the initialization value in the declaration of the named constant is the only value
that needs to be modified. For example, to use only two decimal places of precision, the declaration can
be changed to:

PI = 3.14

The new value of 3.14 will then be used in each statement that includes the PI constant. Another
advantage to using the named constant is that it helps to prevent the typographical errors that are
common when using magic numbers. For example, if you accidentally type 31.4159 instead of 3.14159
in a math statement, the program will calculate the wrong value. However, if you misspell PI, the
Python interpreter will display a message indicating that the name is not defined.

Algorithm Workbench
1. height = int(input('Enter your height: '))

2. color = input('Enter your favorite color: ')

3. a. b = a + 2
b. a = b * 4
c. b = a / 3.14
d. a = b – 8

4. a. 12
b. 4
c. 2
d. 6
e. 2
5. total = 10 + 14

6. due = total – down_payment

7. total = subtotal * 0.15

8. 11

9. 5

10. print(f'{sales:.2f}')

Starting Out with Python, 4/e Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
 11. print(f'{number:,.1f}')

12. George@John@Paul@Ringo

13. turtle.circle(75)

14. turtle.fillcolor('blue')
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.end_fill()

15. turtle.forward(100)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.left(90)
turtle.forward(100)
turtle.penup()
turtle.left(90)
turtle.forward(50)
turtle.right(90)
turtle.forward(30)
turtle.setheading(0)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.fillcolor('red')
turtle.begin_fill()
turtle.circle(80)
turtle.end_fill()

Chapter 3
Multiple Choice
1. c
2. b
3. d
4. a
5. c
6. b
7. c
8. b
9. a
10. b
11. c
Starting Out with Python, 4/e Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
 12. a

True or False
1. False
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. True

Short Answer
1. A conditionally executed statement is performed only when a certain condition is true.

2. A dual alternative decision structure

3. The and operator connects two Boolean expressions into one compound expression. Both
subexpressions must be true for the compound expression to be true.

4. The or operator connects two Boolean expressions into one compound expression. One or both sub
expressions must be true for the compound expression to be true. It is only necessary for one of the
subexpressions to be true, and it does not matter which.

5. The and operator.

6. A flag is a variable that signals when some condition exists in the program. When the flag variable is
set to False, it indicates the condition does not exist. When the flag variable is set to True, it means
the condition does exist.

Algorithm Workbench
1. if x > 100:
y = 20
z = 40

2. if a < 10:
b = 0
c = 1

3. if a < 10:
b = 0 else:
b = 99

4. if score >= A_score:

print('Your grade is A.')
else:
if score >= B_score:
print('Your grade is B.')
else:
if score >= C_score:
print('Your grade is C.')
else:

Starting Out with Python, 4/e Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
 if score >= D_score:
print('Your grade is D.')
else:
print('Your grade is F.')

5. if amount1 > 10 and amount2 < 100:

if amount1 > amount2:
print (amount1)
elif amount2 > amount1:
print (amount2)
else:
print('Both values are the same.')

6. if speed >= 24 and speed <= 56:

print ('Speed is normal.')
else:
print ('Speed is abnormal.')

7. if points < 9 or points > 51:

print ('Invalid points')
else:
print ('Valid points')

8. if turtle.heading() >= 0 and turtle.heading() <= 45:

turtle.penup()

9. if turtle.pencolor() == 'red' or turtle.pencolor() == 'blue':

turtle.pensize(5)

10. if turtle.xcor() > 100 and turtle.xcor() < 200 and

turtle.ycor() > 100 and turtle.ycor() < 200:
turtle.hideturtle()

Chapter 4
Multiple Choice
1. b
2. d
3. d
4. a
5. c
6. b
7. d
8. a
9. b
10. c
11. d
12. a

True or False
Starting Out with Python, 4/e Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
 1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. False
7. False

Short Answer
1. A condition-controlled loop uses a true/false condition to control the number of times that it
repeats.

2. A count-controlled loop repeats a specific number of times.

3. An infinite loop continues to repeat until the program is interrupted. Infinite loops usually occur when
the programmer forgets to write code inside the loop that makes the test condition false. Here is an
example of Python code that contains an infinite loop:

x = 99
while x > 0:
print (x)

4. If the accumulator starts with any value other than 0, it will not contain the correct total when the loop
finishes.

5. You can write a loop that processes a list of data items even though you do not know the number of
data items in the list, and without requiring the user to know the number of items in the list in
advance.

6. A sentinel value must be unique enough that it will not be mistaken as a regular value in the list.

7. This saying, sometimes abbreviated as GIGO, refers to the fact that computers cannot tell the
difference between good data and bad data. If a user provides bad data as input to a program, the
program will process that bad data and, as a result, will produce bad data as output.

8. When input is given to a program, it should be inspected before it is processed. If the input is invalid,
the program should discard it and prompt the user to enter the correct data.

Specifically, the input is read, and then a loop is executed. If the input data is bad, the loop executes
its block of statements. The loop displays an error message so the user will know that the input was
invalid, and then it reads the new input. The loop repeats as long as the input is bad.

Algorithm Workbench
1. product = 0
while product < 100:
number = int(input('Enter a number: '))
product = number * 10

2. again = 'y'
while again == 'y':
Starting Out with Python, 4/e Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
 num1 = float(input('Enter a number: '))
num2 = float(input('Enter another number: '))
sum = num1 + num2
print ('The sum of the numbers you entered is', sum)
again = input('Do you want to do that again? (y/n): ')

3. for number in range(0, 1001, 10):

print(number)

4. total = 0.0
for counter in range(10):
number = float(input('Enter a number: '))
total += number
print ('The total is', total)

5. denominator = 30
total = 0
for numerator in range(1, 31):
value = numerator / denominator
total = total + value
denominator -= 1
print (total)

6. a. x += 1
b. x *= 2
c. x /= 10
d. x -= 100

7. for row in range(10):

for column in range(15):
print('#', end='')
print()

8.
number = float(input('Enter a positive nonzero number: '))
while number <= 0:
print('That is an invalid value.')
number = float(input('Enter a positive nonzero number: '))
print ('Thanks!')

9.
number = int(input('Enter a number between 1 and 100: '))
while number < 1 or number>100:
print('That is an invalid value.')
number = int(input('Enter a number between 1 and 100: '))
print ('Thanks!')

Chapter 5
Starting Out with Python, 4/e Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.
Multiple Choice
1. c
2. a
3. d
4. b
5. a
6. d
7. b
8. b
9. c
10. a
11. b
12. d
13. b
14. b
15. b
16. a
17. d
18. d
19. b
20. c
21. c

True or False
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. False
6. True
7. False
8. False
9. True
10. False
11. True
12. False
13. True
14. True
15. True

Short Answer
1. Functions can reduce the duplication of code within a program. If a specific operation is performed in
several places in a program, a function can be written once to perform that operation, and then be
executed any time it is needed. This is known as code reuse because you are writing the code to
perform a task once and then reusing it each time you need to perform the task.

2. A function definition has two parts: a header and a body. The header indicates the starting point of the
function, and the body is a list of statements that belong to the function.

Starting Out with Python, 4/e Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.