Unit I: COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE - Detailed Notes & MCQs
1. Number Systems:
- Introduction to Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexadecimal.
- Conversion methods between number systems.
- Weighted and Non-weighted Codes (BCD, Gray Code, Excess-3).
- Alphanumeric Codes (ASCII, EBCDIC).
- Error Detection and Correction: Parity Bit, Hamming Code.
2. Boolean Algebra:
- Basic Boolean Operations (AND, OR, NOT).
- Operator Precedence and Laws of Boolean Algebra.
- Simplification techniques: Boolean laws, Karnaugh Map (K-map).
3. Digital Logic Circuits and Components:
- Logic Gates and Truth Tables.
- Combinational Circuits: Adders, Subtractors, MUX, DEMUX.
- Sequential Circuits: Flip-flops (SR, D, JK, T), Counters, Registers.
4. Basic Computer Organization and Design:
- Computer Registers and their functions.
- Instruction Cycle: Fetch, Decode, Execute.
- Input/Output Instructions and Control Flow.
5. Programming the Basic Computer:
- Machine Language and Assembly Language.
- Program Structure: Loops, Subroutines, I/O Programming.
6. Central Processing Unit (CPU):
- Register Organization and Stack Operations.
- Instruction Formats: 1-address, 2-address, 3-address.
- RISC vs CISC, Addressing Modes.
7. Input-Output Organization:
- Peripheral Devices and I/O Interfaces.
- Programmed I/O, Interrupts, DMA.
- Modes of Transfer and Communication Techniques.
8. Memory Hierarchy:
- Main Memory, Cache, Virtual Memory, Auxiliary Memory.
- Memory Management: Paging and Segmentation.
Sample MCQs:
1. Binary equivalent of decimal 25 is:
a) 11001 b) 10011 c) 10110 d) 11100 Answer: a
2. Which logic gate outputs HIGH only when inputs are different?
a) AND b) NOR c) XOR d) XNOR Answer: c
3. The fastest memory is:
a) RAM b) Cache c) ROM d) Hard Disk Answer: b
4. Hamming Code is used for:
a) Compression b) Encryption c) Error Detection and Correction d) Addressing Answer: c
