❖ FEATURE OF JAVA

✓ The primary objective of Java programming language creation was to make it portable,
simple and secure programming language.
✓ Apart from this, there are also some excellent features which play an important role in the
popularity of this language. The features of Java are also known as java buzzwords.
✓ A list of most important features of Java language is given below

1. Simple
2. Object-Oriented
3. Portable
4. Platform independent
5. Secured
6. Robust
7. Architecture neutral
8. Interpreted
9. High Performance
10. Multithreaded
11. Distributed
12. Dynamic

1. Simple
• Java is very easy to learn, and its syntax is simple, clean and easy to understand.
• According to Sun, Java language is a simple programming language because:
➢ Java syntax is based on C++ (so easier for programmers to learn it after C++).
➢ Java has removed many complicated and rarely-used features, for example,
explicit pointers, operator overloading, etc.
➢ There is no need to remove unreferenced objects because there is an Automatic
Garbage Collection in Java.
2. Object-oriented
• Java is an object-oriented programming language. Everything in Java is an object.
• Object-oriented means we organize our software as a combination of different types
of objects that incorporates both data and behavior.
• Object-oriented programming (OOPs) is a methodology that simplifies software
development and maintenance by providing some rules.
• Basic concepts of OOPs are:
1. Object
2. Class
3. Inheritance
4. Polymorphism
5. Abstraction
6.Encapsulation
3. Portable
• Java is portable because it facilitates you to carry the Java bytecode to any platform. It
doesn't require any implementation.

4. Platform Independent
• Java is platform independent because it is different from other languages like C, C++, etc.
• which are compiled into platform specific machines while Java is a write once, run
anywhere language.
• A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a program runs.
• There are two types of platforms software-based and hardware-based.
• Java provides a software-based platform. The Java platform differs from most other
platforms in the sense that it is a software-based platform that runs on the top of other
hardware-based platforms.
• It has two components:
1. Runtime Environment
2. API (Application Programming Interface) Java code can be run on multiple
platforms, for example, Windows, Linux, Sun Solaris, Mac/OS, etc.
• Java code is compiled by the compiler and converted into bytecode. This bytecode is a
platform-independent code because it can be run on multiple platforms, i.e., Write Once
and Run Anywhere (WORA).
5. Secured
• Java is best known for its security. With Java, we can develop virus-free systems.
• Java is secured because:
➢ No explicit pointer
➢ Java Programs run inside a virtual machine sandbox
6. Robust
• Robust simply means strong.
• Java is robust because:
✓ It uses strong memory management.
✓ There is a lack of pointers that avoids security problems.
✓ There is automatic garbage collection in java which runs on the Java Virtual
Machine to get rid of objects which are not being used by a Java application
anymore.
✓ There are exception handling and the type checking mechanism in Java. All these
points make Java robust.

7. Architecture-neutral
• Java is architecture neutral because there are no implementation dependent features, for
example, the size of primitive types is fixed.
• In C programming, int data type occupies 2 bytes of memory for 32-bit architecture and 4
bytes of memory for 64-bit architecture.
 • However, it occupies 4 bytes of memory for both 32 and 64-bit architectures in Java.

8. Interpreted
• Java code is first compiled into an intermediate form called bytecode using the Java
Compiler (javac).
• This bytecode is not machine-specific; it’s a platform-independent set of instructions.
• The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) then interprets or executes this bytecode line by line
at runtime.
• This enables cross-platform compatibility: the same bytecode runs on any machine that
has a JVM.

9. High-performance
• Java is faster than other traditional interpreted programming languages because Java
bytecode is "close" to native code.
• It is still a little bit slower than a compiled language (e.g., C++). Java is an interpreted
language that is why it is slower than compiled languages, e.g., C, C++, etc.

10. Distributed
• Java is distributed because it facilitates users to create distributed applications in Java. RMI
and EJB are used for creating distributed applications.
• This feature of Java makes us able to access files by calling the methods from any machine
on the internet.
10. Multi-threaded
• A thread is like a separate program, executing concurrently.
• We can write Java programs that deal with many tasks at once by defining multiple threads.
• The main advantage of multi-threading is that it doesn't occupy memory for each thread. It
shares a common memory area. Threads are important for multi-media, Web applications,
etc.

12. Dynamic
• Java is a dynamic language. It supports dynamic loading of classes.
• It means classes are loaded on demand.
• It also supports functions from its native languages, i.e., C and C++. Java supports dynamic
compilation and automatic memory management (garbage collection).