Trigonometric Graphs

Starter:
Describe each of the following transformations:

• f (x) + a is

• f (x + a) is

• af (x) is

• f (ax) is

• f (x) is

• f ( x) is
Example 0:
On separate axes, sketch each of the following graphs in the interval 360  x  360 :

(a) y = sin(x) (b) y = cos(x) (c) y = tan(x)

Example 1:
On separate axes, sketch each of the following graphs in the given interval:

(a) y = 2 sin(x) , 180  x  180 .

(b) y = cos(x) 1 , 0  x  450 .

(c) y = tan(x) , 225  x  90 .

Label the coordinates of any intersections with the axes.

Example 2:
On separate axes, sketch each of the following graphs in the given interval:

(a) y = cos(3x) , 0  x  180 .

✓ ◆
1
(b) y = tan x , 360  x  360 .
2
(c) y = sin(x + 60 ) , 30  x  180 .

Label the coordinates of any intersections with the axes.

Example 3:
1
(a) Sketch y = tan(x) and y = on the same axes, in the interval 180  x  180 .
x
1
(b) Hence, write down the number of solutions to the equation tan(x) = in the interval:
x
(i) 180  x  180 .
(ii) 1800  x  1800 .
(iii) 1800  x  1710 .
Example 4:
The graph of y = k cos(x ) is shown below.

Given that A = (m , 5) and C = (50 , p), find the:

(a) value of m. (b) value of k. (c) coordinates of B. (d) x-coordinate of D.

Example 5:
The graph of y = k sin(x ) is shown below.

Given that A = (m , 9) and C = (50 , p), find the:

(a) value of m. (b) value of k. (c) coordinates of B. (d) x-coordinates of D.

Example 6:
The graph of y = tan(x + k ), where 0  k  180, is shown below.

Given that A = (320 , 0) and C = (120 , p), find the:

(a) equation of L. (b) value of k. (c) coordinates of B. (d) x-coordinates of D.

Example 7:
The graph of y = a cos(bx ) + c is shown below.

Given that A = (72 , 7), B = (m , 1) and C = (20 , p), find the:

(a) value of m. (b) value of b. (c) value of a and c. (d) x-coordinate of D.

Homework:
• Ex.9F: Q1, Q2, Q3

• Ex.9G: Q5, Q7, Q8, Q9

 Trigonometry

Starter:
Find the value of the unknown in each case. Give your answers to 3 significant figures.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
Cosine rule:

• Cosine rule: c2 = a2 + b2 2ab cos(C)

Example 1:
In 4ABC, AB = 4 cm, BC = 5 cm, and \ABC = 50 .

Find the length of AC.

Example 2:
(a) In 4ABC, AB = 4.5 cm, BC = 5.5 cm, and \ABC = 160 .

Find the length of AC.

(b) In 4ABC, AB = 6 cm, BC = 7 cm, and AC = 8 cm.

Find the size of the smallest interior angle of 4ABC.

(c) In 4ABC, BC is 2 cm longer than AB, and AC = 5 cm.

Given that \ABC = 60 , find the length of AB.

Sine rule:

sin A sin B
• =
a b
a b
• =
sin A sin B

Example 3:
In 4ABC, BC = 8 cm, \BAC = 30 , and \ABC = 72 .

Find the length of AC.

Example 4:
(a) In 4ABC, AB = 9.8 cm, \ABC = 68.4 , and \BCA = 83.7 .

Find the length of BC.

(b) In 4ABC, AB = 7.2 cm, BC = 5.8 cm, and \BCA = 67.5 .

Find the size of \BAC.

(c) In 4ABC, AB is thrice the length of BC, and \BAC = 17 .

Find the size of \BCA.

 • When to use cosine rule:

• When to use sine rule:

• Special case:

Example 5:
Find the value of the unknown in each case. Give your answers to 3 significant figures.

(a) (b) (c)

Ambiguous cases: Cosine rule

• Can occur when finding missing side that is not opposite to given angle.

• Solutions are valid as long as they are positive.

Example 6:
Find the value of the unknown in each case. Give your answers to 3 significant figures.

(a) (b) (c)

Ambiguous cases: Sine rule

• When finding an unknown angle ✓, you must check if 180 ✓ also works.

• It works if (180 ✓) + (Given angle) < 180, and does not work otherwise.

Example 7:
Find all possible values of ✓ in each case. Give your answers to 3 significant figures.

(a) (b) (c)

Example 8:
Find all possible values of ✓ in each case. Give your answers to 3 significant figures.

(a) (b) (c)

Area of a triangle:

1
• Area = ab sin(C)
2

Example 9:
(a) In 4ABC, AB = 86 cm, AC = 94 cm, and \BAC = 30 .

Find the area of 4ABC.

(b) In 4ABC, BC = 4 cm and \ABC = 50 .

Given that the area of 4ABC is 10 cm2 , find the length of AB.

(c) In 4ABC, AC = 7 cm and BC = 12 cm.

Given that the area of 4ABC is 40 cm2 , find the possible sizes of \ACB.
Homework:
• Ex.9A: Q3, Q16, Q17

• Ex.9B: Q10, Q11, Q12

• Ex.9C: Q5, Q6

• Ex.9D: Q4, Q5, Q6

 Trigonometry Problems

Starter:
In 4ABC, AB = x, AC = x + 8, and BC = 2x 1.

Given that \BAC = 60 ,

(a) find the value of x,

(b) find the size of \ABC, giving your answer to 3 significant figures.
Bearings:

• Bearings are measured from north, going clockwise.

• “Bearing of point Q from point P ” =) Draw the northern line for point P .

• Bearings should be given as 3 digits to the nearest degree, unless otherwise specified.

Example 1:
In 4ABC, \CAB = 67 and \ACB = 42 .

Given that the bearing of B from A is 122 , write down:

(a) the bearing of A from B.

(b) the bearing of C from A.

(c) the bearing of B from C.

Example 2:
Coastguard station B is 8 km away and on a bearing of 060 from coastguard station A.

A ship C is 4.8 km, on a bearing of 018 , away from A.

(a) Find the distance between the ship and station B.

(b) Find the bearing of station B from the ship.

Example 3:
Three yachts A, B, and C lie in the same horizontal plane. Yacht B is 500 m due north of yacht A.
Yacht C is 700 m away from A, at a bearing of 015 from A.

(a) Calculate the distance between yacht B and yacht C.

(b) Find the bearing of yacht C from yacht B.

Example 4:
A park is in the shape of a triangle ABC. A park keeper walks due north from his hut at A for 1.2
km until he reaches point B. He then walks on a bearing of 110 for 1.4 km until he reaches point C.

(a) Find how far he is from his hut when at point C.

(b) Work out the bearing of the hut from point C.

(c) Work out the area of the park.

Example 5:
In the quadrilateral ABCD, BC = 75 m, CD = 80 m, and DA = 70 m.

The sizes of the interior angles are \BCD = 55 and \CDA = 140 .

(a) Find the length of AB.

(b) Find the size of \BAD.

(c) Find the area of ABCD.

Example 6:

The diagram above shows the design for a structure used to support a roof. The structure consists of
four wooden beams, AB, BD, BC, and AD.

AB = 6.5 m, BC = BD = 4.7 m, and \BAC = 35 .

(a) Find the size of \ACB.

(b) Find the total length of wood required to make this structure.
Example 7:
A ship A is 10 km from a lighthouse L on a bearing of 080 .

A ship B is 6.5 km from L on a bearing of 200 .

(a) Find the distance between the two ships.

(b) Find the bearing of A from B.

Example 8:
A hiker walking due north on a straight path sees a wind turbine, W , on a bearing of 040 .

After continuing on the path for 500 m, the bearing of W from the hiker’s new position is 075 .

(a) Find the distance between W and the hiker’s new position.

(b) Find the distance of W from the path.

Example 9:
A man walks 750 m from a point A to a point C on a bearing of 042 .

He then walks along a straight path from C on a bearing of 162 towards a point B.

When the man reaches a point X on the path between B and C, his distance from point A is
the same as the distance between point B and point A.

The point B is a distance of 680 m away from A.

(a) Find the distance XB.

(b) Find the bearing of A from B.

Challenge:
Find, in terms of n, the area of an n-sided regular polygon of side length 1.
Homework:
• Ex.9E: Q4, Q5, Q6, Q10, Q13, Q14, Q15