This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: G1 − 25

Standard Practice for

Preparing, Cleaning, and Evaluating Corrosion Test
Specimens1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G1; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope D1193 Specification for Reagent Water

1.1 This practice covers suggested procedures for preparing D1384 Test Method for Corrosion Test for Engine Coolants
bare, solid metal specimens for tests, for removing corrosion in Glassware
products after the test has been completed, and for evaluating D2776 Methods of Test for Corrosivity of Water in the
the corrosion damage that has occurred. Emphasis is placed on Absence of Heat Transfer (Electrical Methods) (With-
procedures related to the evaluation of corrosion by mass loss drawn 1991)3
and pitting measurements. (Warning—In many cases the G16 Guide for Applying Statistics to Analysis of Corrosion
corrosion product on the reactive metals titanium and zirco- Data
nium is a hard and tightly bonded oxide that defies removal by G31 Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of
chemical or ordinary mechanical means. In many such cases, Metals
corrosion rates are established by mass gain rather than mass G33 Practice for Recording Data from Atmospheric Corro-
loss.) sion Tests of Metallic-Coated Steel Specimens
G46 Guide for Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Cor-
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as rosion
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this G50 Practice for Conducting Atmospheric Corrosion Tests
standard. on Metals
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the G78 Guide for Crevice Corrosion Testing of Iron-Base and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Nickel-Base Stainless Alloys in Seawater and Other
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Chloride-Containing Aqueous Environments
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- G193 Terminology and Acronyms Relating to Corrosion
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
For specific warning statements, see 1.1 and 7.2. 3. Terminology
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.1 See Terminology G193 for terms used in this practice.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 4. Significance and Use
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 The procedures given are designed to remove corrosion
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
products without significant removal of base metal. This allows
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
an accurate determination of the mass loss of the metal or alloy
2. Referenced Documents that occurred during exposure to the corrosive environment.
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 4.2 These procedures, in some cases, may apply to metal
A262 Practices for Detecting Susceptibility to Intergranular coatings. However, possible effects from the substrate must be
Attack in Austenitic Stainless Steels considered.

5. Reagents and Materials

1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G01 on Corrosion 5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
of Metals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G01.05 on Laboratory
Corrosion Tests.
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
Current edition approved May 1, 2025. Published June 2025. Originally all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee on
approved in 1967. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as G1 – 03 (2017)ɛ1. DOI: Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
10.1520/G0001-25.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at www.astm.org/contact. For Annual Book of
3
ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
page on the ASTM website. www.astm.org.

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 G1 − 25
such specifications are available.4 Other grades may be used, 6.3 For more searching tests of either the metal or the
provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently environment, standard surface finishes may be preferred. A
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of suitable procedure might be:
the determination. 6.3.1 Degrease in an organic solvent or hot alkaline cleaner.
5.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references (See also Practice G31.)
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined NOTE 1—Hot alkalies and chlorinated solvents may attack some metals.
by Type IV of Specification D1193. NOTE 2—Ultrasonic cleaning may be beneficial in both pre-test and
post-test cleaning procedures.
6. Methods for Preparing Specimens for Test 6.3.2 Pickle in an appropriate solution if oxides or tarnish
6.1 For laboratory corrosion tests that simulate exposure to are present. In some cases the chemical cleaners described in
service environments, a commercial surface, closely resem- Section 6 will suffice.
bling the one that would be used in service, will yield the most NOTE 3—Pickling may cause localized corrosion on some materials.
meaningful results. 6.3.3 Abrade with a slurry of an appropriate abrasive or with
6.2 It is desirable to mark specimens used in corrosion tests an abrasive paper (see Practices A262 and Test Method
with a unique designation during preparation. Several tech- D1384). The edges as well as the faces of the specimens should
niques may be used depending on the type of specimen and be abraded to remove burrs.
test. 6.3.4 Rinse thoroughly, hot air dry, and store in desiccator.
6.2.1 Stencil or Stamp—Most metallic specimens may be 6.4 When specimen preparation changes the metallurgical
marked by stenciling, that is, imprinting the designation code condition of the metal, other methods should be chosen or the
into the metal surface using hardened steel stencil stamps hit metallurgical condition must be corrected by subsequent treat-
with a hammer. The resulting imprint will be visible even after ment. For example, shearing a specimen to size will cold work
substantial corrosion has occurred. However, this procedure and may possibly fracture the edges. Edges should be ma-
introduces localized strained regions and the possibility of chined.
superficial iron contamination in the marked area.
6.2.2 Electric engraving by means of a vibratory marking 6.5 The clean, dry specimens should be measured and
tool may be used when the extent of corrosion damage is weighed. Dimensions determined to the third significant figure
known to be small. However, this approach to marking is much and mass determined to the fifth significant figure are sug-
more susceptible to having the marks lost as a result of gested. When more significant figures are available on the
corrosion damage during testing. measuring instruments, they should be recorded.
6.2.3 Edge notching is especially applicable when extensive
corrosion and accumulation of corrosion products is antici- 7. Methods for Cleaning After Testing
pated. Long term atmospheric tests and sea water immersion 7.1 Corrosion product removal procedures can be divided
tests on steel alloys are examples where this approach is into three general categories: mechanical, chemical, and elec-
applicable. It is necessary to develop a code system when using trolytic.
edge notches. 7.1.1 An ideal procedure should remove only corrosion
6.2.4 Drilled holes may also be used to identify specimens products and not result in removal of any base metal. To
when extensive metal loss, accumulation of corrosion products, determine the mass loss of the base metal when removing
or heavy scaling is anticipated. Drilled holes may be simpler corrosion products, replicate uncorroded control specimens
and less costly than edge notching. A code system must be should be cleaned by the same procedure being used on the test
developed when using drilled holes. Punched holes should not specimen. By weighing the control specimen before and after
be used as they introduce residual strain. cleaning, the extent of metal loss resulting from cleaning can
6.2.5 When it is undesirable to deform the surface of be utilized to correct the corrosion mass loss.
specimens after preparation procedures, for example, when NOTE 4—It is desirable to scrape samples of corrosion products before
testing coated surfaces, tags may be used for specimen identi- using any chemical techniques to remove them. These scrapings can then
fication. A metal or plastic wire can be used to attach the tag to be subjected to various forms of analyses, including perhaps X-ray
the specimen and the specimen identification can be stamped diffraction to determine crystal forms as well as chemical analyses to look
on the tag. It is important to ensure that neither the tag nor the for specific corrodants, such as chlorides. All of the chemical techniques
that are discussed in Section 7 tend to destroy the corrosion products and
wire will corrode or degrade in the test environment. It is also thereby lose the information contained in these corrosion products. Care
important to be sure that there are no galvanic interactions may be required so that uncorroded metal is not removed with the
between the tag, wire, and specimen. corrosion products.
7.1.2 The procedure given in 7.1.1 may not be reliable when
heavily corroded specimens are to be cleaned. The application
4
ACS Reagent Chemicals, Specifications and Procedures for Reagents and of replicate cleaning procedures to specimens with corroded
Standard-Grade Reference Materials, American Chemical Society, Washington, surfaces will often, even in the absence of corrosion products,
DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by the American Chemical
Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset,
result in continuing mass losses. This is because a corroded
U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary, U.S. Pharma- surface, particularly of a multiphase alloy, is often more
copeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD. susceptible than a freshly machined or polished surface to

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 G1 − 25
corrosion by the cleaning procedure. In such cases, the NOTE 5—Due to local regulations, some chemicals, such as chromium
following method of determining the mass loss due to the trioxide, may not be permitted for use. There are currently no known
substitutions that will have the same performance as chromium trioxide
cleaning procedure is preferred. when used as a cleaning agent.
7.1.2.1 The cleaning procedure should be repeated on speci-
mens several times. The mass loss should be determined after 7.2.2 Chemical cleaning is often preceded by light brushing
each cleaning by weighing the specimen. (non metallic bristle) or ultrasonic cleaning of the test speci-
7.1.2.2 The mass loss should be graphed as a function of the men to remove loose, bulky corrosion products.
number of equal cleaning cycles as shown in Fig. 1. Two lines 7.2.3 Intermittent removal of specimens from the cleaning
will be obtained: AB and BC. The latter will correspond to solution for light brushing or ultrasonic cleaning can often
corrosion of the metal after removal of corrosion products. The facilitate the removal of tightly adherent corrosion products.
mass loss due to corrosion will correspond approximately to 7.2.4 Chemical cleaning is often followed by light brushing
point B. or ultrasonic cleaning in reagent water to remove loose
7.1.2.3 To minimize uncertainty associated with corrosion products.
of the metal by the cleaning method, a method should be 7.3 Electrolytic cleaning can also be utilized for removal of
chosen to provide the lowest slope (near to horizontal) of line corrosion products. Several useful methods for corrosion test
BC. specimens of iron, cast iron, or steel are given in Table A2.1.
7.1.3 Repeated treatment may be required for complete
7.3.1 Electrolytic cleaning should be preceded by brushing
removal of corrosion products. Removal can often be con-
or ultrasonic cleaning of the test specimen to remove loose,
firmed by examination with a low power microscope (for
bulky corrosion products. Brushing or ultrasonic cleaning
example, 7× to 30×). This is particularly useful with pitted
should also follow the electrolytic cleaning to remove any
surfaces when corrosion products may accumulate in pits. This
loose slime or deposits. This will help to minimize any
repeated treatment may also be necessary because of the
redeposition of metal from reducible corrosion products that
requirements of 7.1.2.1. Following the final treatment, the
would reduce the apparent mass loss.
specimens should be thoroughly rinsed and immediately dried.
7.1.4 All cleaning solutions shall be prepared with water 7.4 Mechanical procedures can include scraping, scrubbing,
and reagent grade chemicals. brushing, ultrasonic cleaning, mechanical shocking, and im-
7.2 Chemical procedures involve immersion of the corro- pact blasting (for example, grit blasting, water-jet blasting, and
sion test specimen in a specific solution that is designed to so forth). These methods are often utilized to remove heavily
remove the corrosion products with minimal dissolution of any encrusted corrosion products. Scrubbing with a nonmetallic
base metal. Several procedures are listed in Table A1.1. The bristle brush and a mild abrasive-distilled water slurry can also
choice of chemical procedure to be used is partly a matter of be used to remove corrosion products.
trial and error to establish the most effective method for a 7.4.1 Vigorous mechanical cleaning may result in the re-
specific metal and type of corrosion product scale. moval of some base metal; therefore, care should be exercised.
(Warning—These methods may be hazardous to personnel). These should be used only when other methods fail to provide
7.2.1 If agreed upon by all parties, substitutions to chemi- adequate removal of corrosion products. As with other
cals used in the cleaning procedures may be used. Any methods, correction for metal loss due to the cleaning method
substitutions must be documented in the report. is recommended. The mechanical forces used in cleaning
should be held as nearly constant as possible.

8. Assessment of Corrosion Damage

8.1 The initial total surface area of the specimen (making
corrections for the areas associated with mounting holes) and
the mass lost during the test are determined. The average
corrosion rate may then be obtained as follows:
Corrosion Rate 5 ~ K × W ! / ~ A × T × D ! (1)

where:
K = a constant (see 8.1.2),
T = time of exposure in hours,
A = area in cm2,
W = mass loss in grams, and
D = density in g/cm3 (see Appendix X1).
8.1.1 Corrosion rates are not necessarily constant with time
of exposure. See Practice G31 for further guidance.
8.1.2 Many different units are used to express corrosion
rates. Using the units in 7.1 for T, A, W, and D, the corrosion
FIG. 1 Mass Loss of Corroded Specimens Resulting from Repeti- rate can be calculated in a variety of units with the following
tive Cleaning Cycles appropriate value of K:

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 G1 − 25

Constant (K) in Corrosion reduced by corrosion. (See Practice G50.) Loss in tensile
Corrosion Rate Units Desired
Rate Equation strength will result if a compositional change, such as
mils per year (mpy) 3.45 × 106
inches per year (ipy) 3.45 × 103
dealloying, takes place. Loss in tensile strength and elongation
inches per month (ipm) 2.87 × 102 will result from localized attack, such as cracking or inter-
millimetres per year (mm/y) 8.76 × 104 granular corrosion.
micrometres per year (um/y) 8.76 × 107
picometres per second (pm/s) 2.78 × 106 8.3.3 Electrical Properties—Loss in electrical conductivity
grams per square meter per hour (g/m2·h) 1.00 × 104 × D can be measured when metal loss results from uniform
milligrams per square decimeter per day (mdd) 2.40 × 106 × D corrosion. (See Test Methods D2776.)
micrograms per square meter per second (µg/m2·s) 2.78 × 106 × D
8.3.4 Microscopical Examination—Dealloying, exfoliation,
NOTE 6—If desired, these constants may also be used to convert cracking, or intergranular attack may be detected by metallo-
corrosion rates from one set of units to another. To convert a corrosion rate graphic examination of suitably prepared sections.
in units X to a rate in units Y, multiply by KY/KX; for example:
15 mpy 5 15 × ~ 2.78 × 106 ! / ~ 3.45 × 106 ! pm/s (2) 9. Report
8.1.3 In the case of sacrificial alloy coatings for which there 9.1 The report should include the compositions and sizes of
is preferential corrosion of a component whose density differs specimens, their metallurgical conditions, surface preparations,
from that of the alloy, it is preferable to use the density of the and cleaning methods as well as measures of corrosion
corroded component (instead of the initial alloy density) for damage, such as corrosion rates (calculated from mass losses),
calculating average thickness loss rate by use of Eq 1. This is maximum depths of pitting, or losses in mechanical properties.
done as follows: (1) cleaning to remove corrosion products 10. Precision and Bias
only and determine the mass loss of the corroded component;
(2) stripping the remaining coating to determine the mass of the 10.1 The factors that can produce errors in mass loss
uncorroded component; (3) chemical analysis of the stripping measurement include improper balance calibration and stan-
solution to determine the composition of the uncorroded dardization. Generally, modern analytical balances can deter-
component; (4) performing a mass balance to calculate the mine mass values to 60.2 mg with ease and balances are
composition of the corroded component; (5) using the mass available that can obtain mass values to 60.02 mg. In general,
and density of the corroded component to calculate the average mass measurements are not the limiting factor. However,
thickness loss rate by use of Eq 1. An example of this inadequate corrosion product removal or overcleaning will
procedure is given in Appendix X2. affect precision.
The procedure described above gives an average penetration 10.2 The determination of specimen area is usually the least
rate of the coating, but the maximum penetration for a precise step in corrosion rate determinations. The precision of
multiphase alloy may be larger when the corroded phase is not calipers and other length measuring devices can vary widely.
uniformly distributed across the surface. In such cases, it is However, it generally is not necessary to achieve better than
generally considered good practice to obtain a cross section 61 % for area measurements for corrosion rate purposes.
through the corroded surface for microscopic examination. 10.3 The exposure time can usually be controlled to better
This examination will reveal the extent of selective corrosion than 61 % in most laboratory procedures. However, in field
of particular phases in the coating, and help in understanding exposures, corrosive conditions can vary significantly and the
the mechanism of attack. estimation of how long corrosive conditions existed can
8.2 Corrosion rates calculated from mass losses can be present significant opportunities for error. Furthermore, corro-
misleading when deterioration is highly localized, as in pitting sion processes are not necessarily linear with time, so that rate
or crevice corrosion. If corrosion is in the form of pitting, it values may not be predictive of the future deterioration, but
may be measured with a depth gage or micrometer calipers only are indications of the past exposure.
with pointed anvils (see Guide G46). Microscopical methods 10.4 Regression analysis on results, as are shown in Fig. 1,
will determine pit depth by focusing from top to bottom of the can be used to obtain specific information on precision. See
pit when it is viewed from above (using a calibrated focusing Guide G16 for more information on statistical analysis.
knob) or by examining a section that has been mounted and
metallographically polished. The pitting factor is the ratio of 10.5 Bias can result from inadequate corrosion product
the deepest metal penetration to the average metal penetration removal or metal removal caused by overcleaning. The use of
(as measured by mass loss). repetitive cleaning steps, as shown in Fig. 1, can minimize both
of these errors.
NOTE 7—See Guide G46 for guidance in evaluating depths of pitting. 10.5.1 Corrosion penetration estimations based on mass loss
NOTE 8—See Guide G78 for guidance in evaluating crevice corrosion. can seriously underestimate the corrosion penetration caused
8.3 Other methods of assessing corrosion damage are: by localized processes, such as pitting, cracking, crevice
8.3.1 Appearance—The degradation of appearance by corrosion, and so forth.
rusting, tarnishing, or oxidation. (See Practice G33.)
8.3.2 Mechanical Properties—An apparent loss in tensile 11. Keywords
strength will result if the cross-sectional area of the specimen 11.1 cleaning; corrosion product removal; evaluation; mass
(measured before exposure to the corrosive environment) is loss; metals; preparation; specimens

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 G1 − 25

ANNEXES

(Mandatory Information)

A1. CHEMICAL CLEANING PROCEDURES

TABLE A1.1 Chemical Cleaning Procedures for Removal of Corrosion Products

Designation Material Solution Time Temperature Remarks
C.1.1 Aluminum and Alu- 50 mL phosphoric acid (H3PO4, sp gr 1.69) 5 min to 10 min 90 °C to Boiling If corrosion product films remain,
minum Alloys 20 g chromium trioxide (CrO3) rinse, then follow with nitric acid
Reagent water to make 1000 mL procedure (C.1.2).
C.1.2 Nitric acid (HNO3, sp gr 1.42) 1 min to 5 min 20 °C to 25 °C Remove extraneous deposits and
bulky corrosion products to avoid
reactions that may result in
excessive removal of base metal.
C.2.1 Copper and Copper 500 mL hydrochloric acid (HCl, sp gr 1.19) 1 min to 3 min 20 °C to 25 °C Deaeration of solution with purified
Alloys Reagent water to make 1000 mL nitrogen will minimize base metal
removal.
C.2.2 4.9 g sodium cyanide (NaCN) 1 min to 3 min 20 °C to 25 °C Removes copper sulfide corrosion
Reagent water to make 1000 mL products that may not be removed
by hydrochloric acid treatment
(C.2.1).
C.2.3 100 mL sulfuric acid (H2SO4, sp gr 1.84) 1 min to 3 min 20 °C to 25 °C Remove bulky corrosion products
Reagent water to make 1000 mL before treatment to minimize copper
redeposition on specimen surface.
C.2.4 120 mL sulfuric acid (H2SO4, sp gr 1.84) 5 s to 10 s 20 °C to 25 °C Removes redeposited copper resulting
30 g sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7·2H2O) from sulfuric acid treatment.
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.2.5 54 mL sulfuric acid (H2SO4, sp gr 1.84) 30 min to 60 min 40 °C to 50 °C Deaerate solution with nitrogen.
Reagent water to make 1000 mL Brushing of test specimens to
remove corrosion products followed
by re-immersion for 3 s to 4 s is
recommended.
C.3.1 Iron and Steel 1000 mL hydrochloric acid (HCl, sp gr 1.19) 1 min to 25 min 20 °C to 25 °C Solution should be vigorously stirred
20 g antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) or specimen should be brushed.
50 g stannous chloride (SnCl2) Longer times may be required in
certain instances.
C.3.2 50 g sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 30 min to 40 min 80 °C to 90 °C Caution should be exercised in the
200 g granulated zinc or zinc chips use of any zinc dust since
Reagent water to make 1000 mL spontaneous ignition upon exposure
to air can occur.
C.3.3 200 g sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 30 min to 40 min 80 °C to 90 °C Caution should be exercised in the
20 g granulated zinc or zinc chips use of any zinc dust since
Reagent water to make 1000 mL spontaneous ignition upon exposure
to air can occur.
C.3.4 200 g diammonium citrate 20 min 75 °C to 90 °C Depending upon the composition of
((NH4)2HC6H5O7) the corrosion product, attack of
Reagent water to make 1000 mL base metal may occur.
C.3.5 500 mL hydrochloric acid (HCl, sp gr 1.19) 10 min 20 °C to 25 °C Longer times may be required in
3.5 g hexamethylene tetramine certain instances.
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.3.6 Molten caustic soda (NaOH) with 1 min to 20 min 370 °C For details refer to Technical
1.5–2.0 % sodium hydride (NaH) Information Bulletin SP29-370,
“DuPont Sodium Hydride Descaling
Process Operating Instructions.’’
C.4.1 Lead and Lead Alloys 10 mL acetic acid (CH3COOH) 5 min Boiling ...
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.4.2 50 g ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) 10 min 60 °C to 70 °C ...
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.4.3 250 g ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) 5 min 60 °C to 70 °C ...
Reagent water to make 1000 mL

C.5.1 Magnesium and Mag- 150 g chromium trioxide (CrO3) 1 min Boiling The silver salt is present to precipitate
nesium Alloys 10 g silver chromate (Ag2CrO4) chloride.
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.5.2 200 g chromium trioxide (CrO3) 1 min 20 °C to 25 °C The barium salt is present to
10 g silver nitrate (AgNO3) precipitate sulfate.
20 g barium nitrate (Ba(NO3)2)
Reagent water to make 1000 mL

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 G1 − 25
TABLE A1.1 Continued
Designation Material Solution Time Temperature Remarks
C.6.1 Nickel and Nickel 150 mL hydrochloric acid (HCl, sp gr 1.19) 1 min to 3 min 20 to 25°C ...
Alloys Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.6.2 100 mL sulfuric acid (H2SO4, sp gr 1.84) 1 min to 3 min 20 °C to 25 °C ...
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.7.1 Stainless Steels 100 mL nitric acid (HNO3, sp gr 1.42) 20 min 60 °C ...
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.7.2 150 g diammonium citrate 10 min to 60 min 70 °C ...
((NH4)2HC6H5O7)
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.7.3 100 g citric acid (C6H8O7) 5 min 60 °C ...
50 mL sulfuric acid (H2SO4, sp gr 1.84)
2 g inhibitor (diorthotolyl thiourea or
quinoline ethyliodide or betanaphthol
quinoline)
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.7.4 200 g sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 5 min Boiling ...
30 g potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
followed by
100 g diammonium citrate
((NH4)2HC6H5O7)
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.7.5 100 mL nitric acid (HNO3, sp gr 1.42) 5 min to 20 min 20 °C to 25 °C ...
20 mL hydrofluoric acid (HF, sp gr
1.198–48 %)
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.7.6 200 g sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 20 min Boiling Caution should be exercised in the
50 g zinc powder use of any zinc dust since
Reagent water to make 1000 mL spontaneous ignition upon exposure
to air can occur.
C.8.1 Tin and Tin Alloys 150 g trisodium phosphate 10 min Boiling ...
(Na3PO4·12H2O)
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.8.2 50 mL hydrochloric acid (HCl, sp gr 1.19) 10 min 20 °C ...
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.9.1 Zinc and Zinc Alloys 150 mL ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, 5 min 20 °C to 25 °C ...
sp gr 0.90)
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
followed by
50 g chromium trioxide (CrO3) 15 s to 20 s Boiling The silver nitrate should be dissolved
10 g silver nitrate (AgNO3) in water and added to the boiling
Reagent water to make 1000 mL chromic acid to prevent excessive
crystallization of silver chromate.
The chromic acid must be sulfate
free to avoid attack of the zinc base
metal.
C.9.2 100 g ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) 2 min to 5 min 70 °C ...
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
C.9.3 200 g chromium trioxide (CrO3) 1 min 80 °C Chloride contamination of the chromic
Reagent water to make 1000 mL acid from corrosion products formed
in salt environments should be
avoided to prevent attack of the zinc
base metal.
C.9.4 85 mL hydriodic acid (HI, sp gr 1.5) 15 s 20 °C to 25 °C Some zinc base metal may be
Reagent water to make 1000 mL removed. A control specimen (3.1.1)
should be employed.
C.9.5 100 g ammonium persulfate ((NH4)2S2O8) 5 min 20 °C to 25 °C Particularly recommended for
Reagent water to make 1000 mL galvanized steel.
C.9.6 100 g ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) 2 min to 5 min 70 °C ...
Reagent water to make 1000 mL

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 G1 − 25

A2. ELECTROLYTIC CLEANING PROCEDURES

TABLE A2.1 Electrolytic Cleaning Procedures for Removal of Corrosion Products

Designation Material Solution Time Temperature Remarks
E.1.1 Iron, Cast Iron, Steel 75 g sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 20 min to 40 min 20 °C to 25 °C Cathodic treatment with 100 to
25 g sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) 200 A/m2 current density. Use
75 g sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) carbon, platinum or stainless
Reagent water to make 1000 mL steel anode.
E.1.2 28 mL sulfuric acid (H2SO4, sp gr 1.84) 3 min 75 °C Cathodic treatment with 2000 A/m2
0.5 g inhibitor (diorthotolyl thiourea or current density. Use carbon,
quinoline ethyliodide or betanaphthol platinum or lead anode.
quinoline)
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
E.1.3 100 g diammonium citrate 5 min 20 °C to 25 °C Cathodic treatment with 100 A/m2
((NH4)2HC6H5O7) current density. Use carbon or
Reagent water to make 1000 mL platinum anode.
E.2.1 Lead and Lead Alloys 28 mL sulfuric acid (H2SO4, sp gr 1.84) 3 min 75 °C Cathodic treatment with 2000 A/m2
0.5 g inhibitor (diorthotolyl thiourea or current density. Use carbon,
quinoline ethyliodide or betanaphthol platinum or lead anode.
quinoline)
Reagent water to make 1000 mL
E.3.1 Copper and Copper 7.5 g potassium chloride (KCl) 1 to 3 20 °C to 25 °C Cathodic treatment with 100 A/m2
Alloys Reagent water to make 1000 mL current density. Use carbon or
platinum anode.
E.4.1 Zinc and Cadmium 50 g dibasic sodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) 5 min 70 °C Cathodic treatment with 110 A/m2
Reagent water to make 1000 mL current density. Specimen must
be energized prior to immersion.
Use carbon, platinum or
stainless steel anode.
E.4.2 100 g sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 1 min to 2 min 20 °C to 25 °C Cathodic treatment with 100 A/m2
Reagent water to make 1000 mL current density. Specimen must
be energized prior to immersion.
Use carbon, platinum or
stainless steel anode.
E.5.1 General (excluding Alu- 20 g sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 5 min to 10 min 20 °C to 25 °C Cathodic treatment with 300 A/m2
minum, Magnesium Reagent water to make 1000 mL current density. A S31600
and Tin Alloys) stainless steel anode may be
used.

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. DENSITIES FOR A VARIETY OF METALS AND ALLOYS

TABLE X1.1 Densities for a Variety of Metals and Alloys

NOTE 1—All UNS numbers that include the letter X indicate a series of numbers under one category.
NOTE 2—An asterisk indicates that a UNS number not available.
Aluminum Alloys
UNS Number Alloy Density g/cm3
A91100 1100 2.71
A91199 1199 2.70
A92024 2024 2.78
A92219 2219 2.84
A93003 3003 2.73
A93004 3004 2.72
A95005 5005 2.70
A95050 5050 2.69
A95052 5052 2.68
A95083 5083 2.66
A95086 5086 2.66
A95154 5154 2.66
A95357 5357 2.69
A95454 5454 2.69
A95456 5456 2.66

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TABLE X1.1 Continued
Aluminum Alloys
UNS Number Alloy Density g/cm3
A96061 6061 2.70
* 6062 2.70
A96070 6070 2.71
A96101 6101 2.70
A97075 7075 2.81
A97079 7079 2.75
A97178 7178 2.83
Stainless Steels
S20100 Type 201 7.94
S20200 Type 202 7.94
S30200 Type 302 7.94
S30400 Type 304 7.94
S30403 Type 304L 7.94
S30900 Type 309 7.98
S31000 Type 310 7.98
S31100 Type 311 7.98
S31600 Type 316 7.98
S31603 Type 316L 7.98
S31700 Type 317 7.98
S32100 Type 321 7.94
S32900 Type 329 7.98
N08330 Type 330 7.98
S34700 Type 347 8.03
S41000 Type 410 7.70
S43000 Type 430 7.72
S44600 Type 446 7.65
S50200 Type 502 7.82
Other Ferrous Metals
F1XXXX Gray cast iron 7.20
GXXXXX–KXXXXX Carbon steel 7.86
* Silicon iron 7.00
KXXXXX Low alloy steels 7.85
Copper Alloys
C38600 Copper 8.94
C23000 Red brass 230 8.75
C26000 Cartridge brass 260 8.52
C28000 Muntz metal 280 8.39
* Admiralty 442 8.52
C44300 Admiralty 443 8.52
C44400 Admiralty 444 8.52
C44500 Admiralty 445 8.52
C68700 Aluminum brass 687 8.33
C22000 Commercial bronze 220 8.80
C60800 Aluminum bronze, 5 % 608 8.16
* Aluminum bronze, 8 % 612 7.78
* Composition M 8.45
* Composition G 8.77
C51000 Phosphor bronze, 5 % 510 8.86
C52400 Phosphor bronze, 10 % 524 8.77
* 85-5-5-5 8.80
C65500 Silicon bronze 655 8.52
C70600 Copper nickel 706 8.94
C71000 Copper nickel 710 8.94
C71500 Copper nickel 715 8.94
C75200 Nickel silver 752 8.75
Lead
L53305–53405 Antimonial 10.80
L5XXXX Chemical 11.33
Nickel Alloys
N02200 Nickel 200 8.89
N04400 Nickel copper 400 8.84
N06600 Nickel chromium iron alloy 600 8.51
N06625 Nickel chromium molybdenum alloy 625 8.44
N08825 Iron nickel chromium alloy 825 8.14
N08020 Iron nickel chromium alloy 20 Cb-3 8.08
* Iron nickel chromium cast alloy 20 8.02
N10665 Nickel molybdenum alloy B2 9.2
N10276 Nickel chromium molybdenum alloy 8.8
C-276
N06985 Nickel chromium molybdenum alloy G-3 8.3
Other Metals
M1XXXX Magnesium 1.74
R03600 Molybdenum 10.22
P04980 Platinum 21.45

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TABLE X1.1 Continued
Aluminum Alloys
UNS Number Alloy Density g/cm3
P07016 Silver 10.49
R05200 Tantalum 16.60
L13002 Tin 7.30
R50250 Titanium 4.54
Z13001 Zinc 7.13
R60001 Zirconium 6.53

X2. CALCULATION OF AVERAGE THICKNESS LOSS RATE OF AN ALLOY WHEN THE DENSITY OF THE CORRODING
METAL DIFFERS FROM THAT OF THE BULK ALLOY

X2.1 Example X2.2.7 Aluminum content of remaining uncorroded coating

X2.1.1 55 % Al-Zn alloy coating on steel sheet exposed for by chemical analysis of the stripping solution, Cu:
20.95 years at Point Reyes, CA. (As reported in H.E. Townsend C u 5 57.7% Al (X2.7)
and H.H. Lawson, “Twenty-One Year Results for Metallic-
X2.3 Calculations
Coated Sheet in the ASTM 1976 Atmospheric Corrosion
Tests”).5 X2.3.1 Mass loss of corroded coating, W:
W 5 W 1 2 W 2 5 79.3586 2 78.7660 5 0.5926 g (X2.8)
X2.2 Measurements
X2.3.2 Mass of remaining uncorroded coating, Wu:
X2.2.1 Initial aluminum content of coating, C1, as measured
by stripping (Table A1.1, C.3.) and chemical analysis of W u 5 W 2 2 W 3 5 78.7660 2 75.0810 5 3.6850 g (X2.9)
uncorroded specimens: X2.3.3 Total mass of original coating, Wt:
C 1 5 55.0% Al (X2.1) W t 5 W1W u 5 0.592613.6850 5 4.2776 g (X2.10)
X2.2.2 Time of Exposure, T: X2.3.4 Composition of corroded coating, C:
T 5 20.95 years 5 183 648 hours (X2.2) CW1C u W u 5 C 1 W t (X2.11)
X2.2.3 Specimen Area, A: Rearranging gives:
C 5 ~ C 1 W t 2 C u W u ! /W (X2.12)
A 5 300 cm2 (X2.3)
C 5 ~ 55.0 × 4.2776 2 57.7 × 3.6850! /0.5926 (X2.13)
X2.2.4 Initial Mass, W1:
C 5 38.2 % Al (X2.14)
W 1 5 79.3586 g (X2.4)
X2.3.5 The density, D, of a 38.2 % Al-Zn alloy is 4.32
X2.2.5 Mass after exposure and removal of corrosion prod-
g/cm–3. In cases where alloy densities are not known, they can
ucts according to Table A1.1, C.9.3, W2:
be estimated by linear interpolation of the component densities.
W 2 5 78.7660 g (X2.5)
X2.3.6 Calculate the average thickness loss rate, L (corro-
X2.2.6 Mass after removal of remaining coating according sion rate per Eq 1).
to Table A1.1, C.3.5, W3:
L 5 ~K × W!/~A × T × D! (X2.15)
W 3 5 75.0810 g (X2.6) 7
where K is given in 8.1.2 as 8.76 × 10
5
L = (8.76 × 107 × 0.5926)/(300 × 183 648 × 4.32)
STP 1421, Outdoor Atmospheric Corrosion, Townsend, H. E., Ed., ASTM
International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2002, pp. 284–291.
L = 0.218 micrometres per year

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