Problem Set #1: Control Volume Analysis
September 28, 2025
Name:
Section:
Question Points
1 20
2 20
3 20
4 20
5 20
6 20
7 20
8 20
9 20
10 20
11 20
12 20
13 20
14 20
15 30
16 30
17 30
18 30
Total 400
Instructions:
1. This examination contains 5 pages, including this page.
2. You have one week to complete the problem set.
3. Provide a full-blown solution, illustrate the PV and TS diagrams if necessary. Express your answers
in SI units, with 2 significant figures.
4. Please refer to your student number. The modified given that you will be using is based on the format
from your SN as follows: 2024-0ABCD-MN-0. Observe the needed given from your decoded SN.
5. Please box your final answers per given questions needed. Avoid rounding off immediately if it is still
not the final answer.
6. Please sign the below Honor Code statement.
Any form of cheating will be subjected to disqualification on the final examination. I shall honor integrity
and accountability.
Signature:
1
Problem 1
Steam is leaving a 4-L pressure cooker whose operating pressure is 130 kPa. It is observed that the amount
of liquid in the cooker has decreased by 0.6 L in 40 min after the steady operating conditions are established,
and the cross-sectional area of the exit opening is 8 mm2 .
Determine:
(a) The mass flow rate of the steam and the exit velocity,
(b) The total and flow energies of the steam per unit mass, and
(c) The rate at which energy leaves the cooker by steam.
Problem 2
Air at 130°C and 80 kPa enters the diffuser of a jet engine steadily with a velocity of 200 m/s. The inlet
area of the diffuser is 0.4 m2 . The air leaves the diffuser with a velocity that is very small compared with
the inlet velocity.
Determine:
(a) The mass flow rate of the air
(b) The temperature of the air leaving the diffuser
Problem 3
Refrigerant-134a enters a diffuser steadily as saturated vapor at 600 kPa with a velocity of 160 m/s, and
it leaves at 700 kPa and 40°C. The refrigerant is gaining heat at a rate of 2 kJ/s as it passes through the
diffuser. If the exit area is 80 percent greater than the inlet area,
Determine:
(a) The exit velocity
(b) The mass flow rate of the refrigerant
Problem 4
Carbon dioxide enters an adiabatic compressor at 100 kPa and 300 K at a rate of 0.5 kg/s and leaves at 600
kPa and 450 K. Neglecting kinetic energy changes,
Determine:
(a) The volume flow rate of the carbon dioxide at the compressor inlet, and
(b) The power input to the compressor.
Problem 5
Air enters the evaporator section of a window air conditioner at 14.7 psia and 90°F with a volume flow rate
of 200 ft3 /min. Refrigerant-134a at 20 psia with a quality of 30 percent enters the evaporator at a rate of 4
lbm/min and leaves as saturated vapor at the same pressure.
Determine:
(a) The exit temperature of the air, and
(b) The rate of heat transfer from the air.
2
Problem 6
Hot exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine are to be used to produce saturated water vapor at 2
MPa pressure. The exhaust gases enter the heat exchanger at 400°C at a rate of 32 kg/min while water
enters at 15°C. The heat exchanger is not well insulated, and it is estimated that 10 percent of heat given
up by the exhaust gases is lost to the surroundings. If the mass flow rate of the exhaust gases is 15 times
that of the water,
Determine:
(a) The temperature of the exhaust gases at the heat exchanger exit, and
(b) The rate of heat transfer to the water.
Use the constant specific heat properties of air for the exhaust gases.
Problem 7
A 4-m × 5-m × 6-m room is to be heated by an electric resistance heater placed in a short duct in the room.
Initially, the room is at 15°C, and the local atmospheric pressure is 98 kPa. The room is losing heat steadily
to the outside at a rate of 150 kJ/min. A 200-W fan circulates the air steadily through the duct and the
electric heater at an average mass flow rate of 40 kg/min. The duct can be assumed to be adiabatic, and
there is no air leaking in or out of the room.
If it takes 20 min for the room air to reach an average temperature of 25°C,
Determine:
(a) The power rating of the electric heater, and
(b) The temperature rise that the air experiences each time it passes through the heater.
Problem 8
A 2-m3 rigid insulated tank initially containing saturated water vapor at 1 MPa is connected through a
valve to a supply line that carries steam at 400°C. Now the valve is opened, and steam is allowed to flow
slowly into the tank until the pressure in the tank rises to 2 MPa. At this instant, the tank temperature is
measured to be 300°C.
Determine:
(a) The mass of the steam that has entered, and
(b) The pressure of the steam in the supply line.
Problem 9
An air-conditioning system is to be filled from a rigid container that initially contains 5 kg of liquid R-134a
at 24°C. The valve connecting this container to the air-conditioning system is now opened until the mass in
the container is 0.25 kg, at which time the valve is closed. During this time, only liquid R-134a flows from
the container.
Presuming that the process is isothermal while the valve is open, determine:
(a) The final quality of the R-134a in the container, and
(b) The total heat transfer.
3
Problem 10
In a gas turbine installation, air is heated inside a heat exchanger up to 750°C from an ambient temperature
of 27°C. The hot air then enters the gas turbine with a velocity of 50 m/s and leaves at 600°C. The air
leaving the turbine enters a nozzle at 60 m/s velocity and leaves the nozzle at a temperature of 500°C.
For a unit mass flow rate of air, determine the following, assuming adiabatic expansion in the turbine and
nozzle:
(a) The heat transfer to air in the heat exchanger,
(b) The power output from the turbine, and
(c) The velocity at the exit of the nozzle.
Problem 11
Electronic components mounted on a flat plate are cooled by convection to the surroundings and by liquid
water circulating through a U-tube bonded to the plate. At steady state, water enters the tube at 20°C with
a velocity of 0.4 m/s and exits at 24°C with a negligible change in pressure. The electrical components receive
0.5 kW of electrical power. The rate of energy transfer by convection from the plate-mounted electronics is
estimated to be 0.08 kW. Kinetic and potential energy effects can be ignored. Determine the tube diameter,
in cm.
Problem 12
Steam enters a nozzle operating at steady state at 20 bar, 280°C, with a velocity of 80 m/s. The exit pressure
and temperature are 7 bar and 180°C, respectively. The mass flow rate is 1.5 kg/s.
Neglecting heat transfer and potential energy, determine:
(a) The exit velocity, in m/s.
(b) The inlet and exit flow areas, in cm2 .
Problem 13
Helium gas flows through a well-insulated nozzle at steady state. The temperature and velocity at the inlet
are 550°R and 150 ft/s, respectively. At the exit, the temperature is 400°R and the pressure is 40 lbf/in2 .
The area of the exit is 0.0085 ft2 . Using the ideal gas model with k = 1.67, and neglecting potential energy
effects, determine the mass flow rate, in lb/s, through the nozzle.
Problem 14
Nitrogen is compressed in an axial-flow compressor operating at steady state from a pressure of 15 lbf/in2
and a temperature of 50°F to a pressure of 60 lbf/in2 . The gas enters the compressor through a 6-in.-diameter
duct with a velocity of 30 ft/s and exits at 198°F with a velocity of 80 ft/s.
Using the ideal gas model, and neglecting stray heat transfer and potential energy effects, determine the
compressor power input, in hp.
4
Problem 15
A pump operating at steady state draws water from a pond and delivers it through a pipe whose exit is
90 ft above the inlet. At the exit, the mass flow rate is 10 lb/s. There is no significant change in water
temperature, pressure, or kinetic energy from inlet to exit. If the power required by the pump is 1.68 hp,
determine the rate of heat transfer between the pump and its surroundings, in hp and Btu/min.
Problem 16
A pump draws water from a reservoir and delivers it at a pressure of 3 bar to a storage tank perched above
the reservoir. The mass flow rate of the water is 1.5 kg/s. The water temperature remains nearly constant
at 15°C, there is no significant change in kinetic energy from inlet to exit, and heat transfer between the
pump and its surroundings is negligible. Determine the power required by the pump, in kW.
Problem 17
A pump is used to circulate hot water in a home heating system. Water enters the well-insulated pump
operating at steady state at a rate of 0.42 gal/min. The inlet pressure and temperature are 14.7 lbf/in2 and
1
180°F, respectively; at the exit, the pressure is 120 lbf/in2 . The pump requires 35 hp of power input. Water
can be modeled as an incompressible substance with a constant density of 60.58 lb/ft3 and a constant specific
heat of 1 Btu/lb·°R. Neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects, determine the temperature change, in
°R, as the water flows through the pump.
Problem 18
A condenser using river water to condense steam with a mass flow rate of 2 × 105 kg/h from saturated vapor
to saturated liquid at a pressure of 0.1 bar is proposed for an industrial plant. Measurements indicate that
several hundred meters upstream of the plant, the river has a volumetric flow rate of 2 × 105 m3 /h and a
temperature of 15°C. For operation at steady state and ignoring changes in kinetic and potential energy,
determine the river-water temperature rise, in °C, downstream of the plant traceable to the use of such a
condenser.
