Essential Linux Commands for DevOps
File & Directory Management
ls - List directory contents
cd <dir> - Change directory
mkdir <dir> - Create directory
rm <file> - Delete file
rm -r <dir> - Delete directory recursively
cp <src> <dest> - Copy file or directory
mv <src> <dest> - Move or rename file
touch <file> - Create empty file
cat <file> - View file content
tail -f <file> - View real-time logs
nano / vim - Edit files in terminal
User & Group Management
sudo useradd <user> - Add new user
sudo passwd <user> - Set/change password
sudo groupadd <group> - Add new group
sudo usermod -aG <group> <user> - Add user to group
groups <user> - View user's groups
id <user> - View user and group IDs
sudo chown <user>:<group> <file> - Change file owner/group
sudo chgrp <group> <file> - Change group ownership
sudo deluser <user> - Delete user
sudo delgroup <group> - Delete group
Package & Service Management
sudo apt update - Update package list (Debian)
sudo yum update - Update package list (RHEL)
sudo apt install <pkg> - Install package
sudo systemctl start <service> - Start service
sudo systemctl stop <service> - Stop service
sudo systemctl status <service> - Check service status
sudo systemctl enable <service> - Enable service at boot
Permissions & Security
Essential Linux Commands for DevOps
chmod <perm> <file> - Change file permissions
chown <user>:<group> <file> - Change owner/group
chgrp <group> <file> - Change group only
sudo - Run command as superuser
Networking
ip a / ifconfig - Show IP configuration
ping <host> - Test network connectivity
netstat -tuln - Show listening ports
ss -tuln - Check sockets
curl <url> - Make HTTP request
wget <url> - Download file from web
scp <src> <user>@<host>:<dest> - Secure copy over SSH
ssh <user>@<host> - Connect to remote server
System Monitoring & Process Control
top / htop - Monitor system resources
ps aux - Show running processes
kill <PID> - Kill process
kill -9 <PID> - Force kill process
df -h - Show disk usage
du -sh <dir> - Size of directory
uptime - Show system uptime
free -h - Show memory usage
DevOps-Specific Tools
docker ps - List running containers
docker images - List docker images
kubectl get pods - List Kubernetes pods
ansible-playbook <file.yml> - Run Ansible playbook
terraform apply - Apply Terraform changes
jenkins-cli - Interact with Jenkins from CLI
git - Version control tool
git clone - Clone repository
git push - Push code to repo
