Notes: Ms.

Basmah Muzaffar Pakistan International School, Al-Khobar

Q1) Define data analytics and data science. Are they similar or different? Give reasons.
Ans. Data Analytics: Data analytics involves examining data to discover patterns, draw
conclusions, and make decisions to solve problems or improve outcome in various domains such
as business, healthcare, and finance.
Data Science: Data science combines statistics, programming and domain expertise to extract
insights and knowledge from data, using technique like machine learning and big data tools
(Python, etc.) to solve complex analytical problems.
Similarities:
• Both data analytics and data science aim to extract meaningful insights from data to
support decision-making and solve problems.
• They both use statistical analysis, data visualization, and data manipulation techniques
• Both are applied across various industries including business, healthcare and marketing.
Difference:
• Data analytics focuses on examining past data to answer specific questions and
understand reasons behind outcomes.
• Data science focuses on extracting insights from data using advanced techniques like
predictive analytics and exploratory data analysis.
• Data analytics requires strong skills in statistics, data querying (SQL), and visualization
tools(Excels, Tableau)
• Data science requires additional skills in programming (python, R), machine learning
algorithms etc.

Q2. Can you relate how data science is helpful in solving business problems?
Ans. Data science helps business by using data to make smart decisions, predict future trends,
understand customers better, streamline operations, manage risks, optimize marketing efforts,
innovate products, and gain a competitive edge in their industry.

Q3). Database is useful in field of data science. Define this statement.

Ans. Database management system (DBMS) are useful in data science for storing,organizing, and
managing large volumes of [Link] help data scientists find,organize,and analyze data
quickly and effectively,which allows them to uncover insights and make smart decisions using
both structure and unstructured data.
Notes: Ms. Basmah Muzaffar Pakistan International School, Al-Khobar
Q4) Compare machine learning and deep learning, in the context of formal and informal
education.
Ans)

Fromal Education Informal Education

Machine Learning: Machine learning Machine Learning: Machine learning courses
teaches computers to learn form data teach how computers can use data to solve real-
using statistics and basic techniques. world problems in business and other fields.
Deep learning: Deep learning, a part of Deep learning: Deep learning tutorials focus on
machine learning, uses advanced neural building advanced neural networks using tools
networks that work like the human brain like TensorFlow or PyTorch. These networks are
and need strong math skills to understand. used for advanced tasks such as recognizing
images and understanding speech.

Q5) What is meant by sources of data? Give three sources of data excluding those mentioned
in the book.
Ans: Sources of Data: Sources of data refer to where information is collected or obtained from.
Three Sources of data are:
1) Sensor Data: Information from devices like phones or environmental sensors.
2) Social media: Data from platforms like X (Twitter) or Facebook.
3) Government records: Information from agencies like census data or health statistics.
Q6) Differentiate between database and dataset.
Ans)
Database Dataset
A database is a structured collection of A dataset is a structured collection of data,often
organized data. in a specific format like CSV or JSON.
It is designed for storing and managing It is typically used for analysis ,research,or
large amounts of data efficiently. machine learning purposes.

Examples include Examples include a collection of images,a

MySQL,PostgreSQL,Oracle. spreadsheet or survey results,or a table of sales
data.

Q7) Argue about the trends,outliers,and distribution of values in a dataset?Describe.

Ans)
Trends: Trends show the general direction of data over time or across variables.
Outliers: Outliers are data points significantly different from others and can skew analyses if not
handled properly.
Distribution values: This refers to how data points are spread across different values or ranges,
indicating patterns like normal, skewed, or uniform distributions.
Notes: Ms. Basmah Muzaffar Pakistan International School, Al-Khobar

Q8) Why are summary statistics needed?

Ans) Summary Statistics:
Summary statistics are important because they
• Help us understand data better
• Extracting meaningful information from large datasets.
• Simplifying data explanation to others.
• Enhancing data analysis capabilities.
• Facilitating comparisons between different datasets.
• Summarizing lots of data into key numbers.
• Guiding informed decision-making processes.
Q9) Express big data in your own [Link] three V’s of big data with reference to email
data.(Hint:An email box that contains hundreds of emails).
Ans) Big Data: Big data refers to large amounts of complex data that traditional methods
struggle to handle effectively.
Three V’s of Big Data:
Big data in the context of an email inbox with hundreds of emails exemplifies the three V’s:
Volume (the number of emails)
Velocity (the speed at which emails arrive and are processed)
Variety (the different types of data contained within emails)

Q10) Illustrate the purpose of data storage?

Ans) Purpose of Data storage:
Data storage keeps information safe and organized for future use:
Retention: It preserves records and transactions over time.
Organization: Data systems arrange information for easy management
Accessibility: Allows quick access to support decisions and operations.
Security: Protects data from unauthorized access, ensuring privacy and reliability.
Scalability: Can handle more data as needed.

****END OF SHORT QUESTIONS****

Notes: Ms. Basmah Muzaffar Pakistan International School, Al-Khobar
Long Questions:

Q1) Sketch the key concepts of data science in your own words.
Ans. Some of the key concepts in data science are as follows:
Data Collection: Gathering relevant information from various sources.
Data Cleaning: Removing errors and inconsistencies from the data.
Data Analysis: Examining the data to find patterns and trends.
Data Preprocessing: Transforming data into a suitable format for analysis.
Machine Learning: Using algorithms to enable computers to learn from data.
Data Visualization: Presenting data in visual formats like charts and graphs.
Predictive Modelling: Making predictions based on historical data patterns.
Statistical Analysis: Applying statistical methods to interpret data.
Ethics and Privacy: Ensuring ethical and legal use of data throughput the process.
These concepts work together to help understand and utilize data effectively in various fields.

Q2) Develop your own thinking on various data types used in data science.
[Link] Types in Data Science:
Numerical Data: Numerical data is a type of data that represents numerical values.
Continuous: Data that can take any value within a range (e.g.,temperature,weight).
Discrete: Data that can only take specific values (e.g.,counts,integers).
Categorical Data: Categorical data is a type of fata that represents categories or groups.
Ordinal: Categories with a meaningful order e.g.,rating cales (strongly
agree,agree,neutral,disagree,strongly disagree).
Nominal: Categories without a specific order e.g., Colors (red,blue,green),Types of
animals(dog,cat,bird).
Text Data: Text refers to information in textual form.
Unstructured: Unstructured text data is typically not organized in a specific manner like articles
or tweets.
Structured: Text in organized formats like databases or tables.
Time Series Data: Data collected over regular intervals of time (e.g.,daily stocks prices, hourly
weather data).
Spatial Data: Georgaphical or spatial components like GPS coordinates (latitude,longitude).
Used in Applications like GIS (geographical Information Systems) for mapping and analysis.
Image and Video Data:
Image: Arrays of pixels representing viusla information.
Video: Sequences of images over time.
Audio Data: Represented as sound waves (e.g.,speech recording).

Q3) Compare how big data is applicable to various fields of life. Illustrate your answer with
suitable examples.
Ans. Big data has exchanged many areas of life,giving new insights and ideas that were hard to
imagine before, some of them are as follows:
Notes: Ms. Basmah Muzaffar Pakistan International School, Al-Khobar
Healthcare: Big data is utilized to identify genetic links to diseases, improving personalized
medicine and targeted therapies.
Example: Genomic Research
Finance: Financial institutions such as banks use big data to catch fraud quickly by analyzing lots
of transactions data for suspicious activity.
Example: Fraud Detection
Transportation: Cities us data sensors,GPS, and traffic cameras to make traffic flow better,
reduce congestion,and plan roads and transportation better.
Example: Traffic management
Education: Schools use big data to see how well students are doing, find students who might
need help,and teach each student in a way that works best for them to help them learn better.
Example: Personalized learning
Manufacturing: Factories us data from sensors in machines to predict when machines might
break down,so they can fix them before they stop working and plan better times to do
maintenance.
Example: Predictive Maintenance
Agriculture: Farmers use data from satellites, weather forecasts,soil sensors, and crop details to
water,fertilize ,and plant more effectively,boosting crops and reduced costs.
Example: Precision Farming
Government: Governments use data to decide how to build roads and buildings,keep people
safe, and spend money wisely based on where people live and how they live.
Example: Urban Planning
Energy: Energy companies use data to distribute energy better,guess when people will need
it,and manage renewable energy like solar and wind power more efficiently to help the
environment.
Example: Smart grids.
Media and Entertainment: Streaming platforms us data to suggest shows and movies you might
like based on what you’ve watched before,making your experience better and keeping you
interested.
Example: Content Personalization

Q4) Relate the advantages and challenges of big data.

Ans. Big data offers significant advantages and also presents various challenges.
Advantages Of Big Data:
Improved Decision-Making: Big data analytics helps organizations make smarter decisions by
studying large and varied sets of data to find valuable insights.
Customer experience/satisfaction: By studying how customer’s behave and what they
like,businesses can make products and services that better fit what customers want.
Predictive maintenance: Big data helps businesses innovate by finding new trends,improving
products, and predicting future needs in the market.
Operational Efficiency: Big data analytics makes it possible to improve how things are
done,cutting costs and boosting productivity.
Notes: Ms. Basmah Muzaffar Pakistan International School, Al-Khobar
Challenges of big data:
Data Quality and reliability: Making sure data is accurate,reliable,and relevant is tough,low
quality can lead to wrong conclusions and flawed analysis.
Data Privacy and security: Handling lots of sensitive data can lead to privacy breaches and cyber
threats. It’s important to protect data integrity and follow rules like GDPR.
Costs and infrastructure: Building and maintaining big data infrastructure,including
hardware,software,and skilled personnel,can be costly.
Integration and compatibility: Connecting different types of data and making sure they work
together can be hard.

Q5) Design a case study about how data science and big data has revolutionized the firld of
healthcare.
Ans. Title: Revolutionizing Healthcare: The Impact of Data Science and Big Data
Introduction:
Recently,using data science and big data has greatly changed many industries. Healthcare has
benefited a lot from these technologies. This case study looks at how they have transformed
healthcare,making patient care better,operations smoother,and medical research more
advanced.
Case Study Examples:
Predictive Analytics for Personalized Medicine:
Scenario: A big hospital uses advanced data analysis to create personalized treatment plans for
patients with chronic illnesses like diabetes.
Methadology: The hospital studies lots of patient information,like medical history,genetics,and
lifestyle details. They use this data to make algorithms that predict how each patient will
respond to different treatments.
Impact: Doctors can now customized treatment plans more precisely,avoiding trial and error.
Conclusion: Data analysis is changing healthcare by tailoring care to individuals, making
hospital tasks easier, accelerating medical breakthroughs. These improvements aim for a future
where healthcare is more about patients and can handle challenges better.

**The End**