Inheritance and Data Structures in Java
Homework 1 : Vehicles
This assignment is designed to give you practice writing code and applying lessons and topics for the
current module.
This homework deals with the following topics:
● Inheritance
● Overriding
● Access modifiers
● Unit testing
The Assignment
In this assignment, you will implement a class called Vehicle, which represents a vehicle. You will also
implement two classes that extend the Vehicle class: Car and Bike. These classes represent different
kinds of vehicles. In this program, the Vehicle class is the superclass (or parent class), and the Car and
Bike classes are the subclasses (or extended classes, or child classes).
A vehicle will have attributes such as type, brand, and age, which the Car and Bike classes will inherit. A
vehicle will also be able to do things like refuel and run, but different kinds of vehicles will do them
differently. Thus, methods like “refuel” and “run” will be defined in the Vehicle class, but you’ll have to
override them in the Bike and Car classes. (Remember, to override a method, create a method in a
subclass having the same name and the same number, types, and sequence of parameters, as another
method in the superclass.)
Instance Variables
The Vehicle class has the following instance variables defined for you:
● int currYear - The current year 2020
● int age - The age of the vehicle. For example, if a car was bought in 2000, the age would be 20.
● int gasRemained - The amount of gas remaining in the gas tank. Initially, this is set to 0.
● int gasConsumedPerHour - The amount of gas consumed per hour when the vehicle is running.
For the bike, this should be set to 0. For the car, it’s set to 10.
● int totalGasConsumed - The total amount of gas consumed by the vehicle. Initially, this is set to
0.
● int maxGasAmountInTank - The maximum amount of gas that the vehicle can hold. For the bike
it’s set to 0. For the car, it’s set to 200.
● String type - The type of the vehicle. This is either "Car" or "Bike".
● String brand - The brand of the vehicle. For a car, this would be set to something like "Benz" or
"Jeep", and for a bike, something like "Trek".
Inheritance and Data Structures in Java
Note, all of these instance variables are defined with the keyword protected. This means they are
accessible from anywhere within the Vehicle class and from within the Car and Bike subclasses.
Constructors
The constructors in the Vehicle, Car, and Bike classes have all been defined and implemented for you.
You don’t need to make any changes to the constructors in any of the class files.
Methods
There are 2 methods defined in the Vehicle class that need to be overridden in the Car and Bike classes:
● refuel(int amountOfGas) - For a car, this method adds the given amount of gas to the gas tank.
For a bike, we don't need to refuel, so this method only prints: "You don't need to refuel a bike."
● run(int hours) - For a car, this method tells the car to run for the given number of hours. For a
bike, we don’t need to run, so this method only prints: "Eco-friendly travel by bicycle!"
Each method has been defined for you in the Vehicle class, but without the code. See the javadoc for each
method for instructions on what the method is supposed to do and how to write the code for the
overridden methods in the Car and Bike classes. It should be clear enough. In some cases, we have
provided hints and example method calls to help you get started.
For example, below is the code for the “refuel” method in the Vehicle class. The method just returns
with no value. Read the javadoc, which explains what the method is supposed to do. Then write your
code to override and implement the method in the Car and Bike classes. You’ll do this for the “run”
method as well.
/**
* Should be overridden by subclasses Car and Bike.
*
* For the bike, we don't need to refuel.
* Therefore, when bike calls refuel, nothing should happen. Just
* print: "You don't need to refuel a bike."
*
* For the car, you have to make sure there's room in the gas tank for
* the given amount of gas.
*
* @param amountOfGas to put in the gas tank
*/
public void refuel(int amountOfGas) {
return;
Inheritance and Data Structures in Java
Note, you don’t need to implement the “refuel” method in the Vehicle class itself, since we’re overriding
it in both the Car and Bike classes.
There are another 2 methods defined in the Vehicle class that need to be implemented in the Vehicle
class, but do not need to be overridden in the Car and Bike classes:
● equals(Object o) - Compares two vehicles for equality by comparing their brand and their type
● toString() - Returns the type and the brand of the vehicle as a String
Again, each method has been defined for you in the Vehicle class, but without the code. See the javadoc
for each method for instructions on what the method is supposed to do and how to write the code. It
should be clear enough. In some cases, we have provided hints and example method calls to help you get
started.
For example, below is the code for the “equals” method in the Vehicle class. The method compares two
vehicles for equality. Read the javadoc, which explains what the method is supposed to do. Then write
your code to implement the method in the Vehicle class itself. You’ll do this for the “toString” method
as well.
/**
* Compare two vehicles are equal by comparing their brand and their
* type.
*
* @return whether the two vehicles are equal
*/
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
// TODO Implement method
return false;
}
There are other methods defined in the Vehicle class that have already been implemented for you:
● getAge()- Gets the age of the vehicle
● getGasRemained() - Gets the gas remaining in the tank
● getTotalGasConsumed() - Gets the total gas consumed by running
You don’t need to implement these simple “getter” methods. (Remember, in Java, “getters” and
“setters” are conventional methods that are used for retrieving and updating the value of a variable.
Typically, getters and setters provide access to private or protected variables.)
Inheritance and Data Structures in Java
Unit Testing
In addition, you will write unit tests to test all method implementations in the program. Each unit test
method has been defined for you, including some test cases. First make sure you pass all of the
provided tests, then write additional and distinct test cases for each unit test method.
For example, we have defined a “testRefuel” method for you (see below) which tests the “refuel”
method. Pass the tests provided then write additional tests where it says “// TODO”. You’ll do this for
each unit test method noted in the testing file.
@Test
void testRefuel() {
bike1.refuel(100);
assertEquals(0, bike1.getGasRemained());
jeep1.refuel(100);
assertEquals(100, jeep1.getGasRemained());
jeep1.refuel(101);
assertEquals(200, jeep1.getGasRemained());
// TODO write at least 3 additional test cases
Main Method
The main method calls have been provided for you (see example below). They are designed
purely to call the other methods in the program, and to help you run the program. Nothing
needs to be completed in the main method.
public static void main(String args[]) {
//create a car that is a jeep from 2000
Car jeep = new Car("Jeep", 2000);
System.out.println("jeep age : #" + jeep.getAge());
//call methods on jeep
jeep.refuel(1000);
jeep.run(10);
jeep.refuel(100);
jeep.run(1000);
}
Inheritance and Data Structures in Java
Tips for this Assignment
In this assignment, some tips are given as follows:
● String equality:
o To compare Strings, use the equals() method
o Recall “==” is used for comparing primitive values, but Strings are Objects, and Object
equality is tested with the equals() method
o For example:
String strOne = “Hello”;
String strTwo = “hello”;
//stringsAreEqual would be false
//because strOne is capitalized and strTwo is not
boolean stringsAreEqual = strOne.equals(strTwo);
Submission
You have been provided with Vehicle.java, Car.java, Bike.java, and VehicleTest.java. To complete the
assignment, implement the methods in Vehicle.java, Car.java, and Bike.java, making sure you pass all
the tests in VehicleTest.java. Then write at least 3 additional and distinct test cases for each unit test
method noted in VehicleTest.java. Do not modify the name of the methods in any of the files or the
automated testing will not recognize it.
You will submit four files for this assignment: Vehicle.java, Car.java, Bike.java, and VehicleTest.java.
Make sure your program and the unit testing files run without errors! Submit the completed program
using the steps outlined in the assignment in Coursera.
Evaluation
Points:
1. Does your code function correctly? (16 pts)
○ refuel(int amountOfGas) - 4 pts
○ run(int hours) - 4 pts
○ equals(Object o) - 4 pts
○ toString() - 4 pts
2. Did you include at least 3 additional distinct and valid test cases for each test method? Do all of
your tests pass? (12 pts)
○ testRefuel() - 3 pts
○ testRun() - 3 pts
○ testEquals() - 3 pts
○ testToString() - 3 pts
