Monark University

IMP QUESTIONS Probability and Statistics

1. A fair dice is thrown. Find the probability of getting (i) an even number, (ii) a perfect square, (iii) an
integer greater than or equal to 3.
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2. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards (well-shuffled). Find the probability of (i) getting a king card,
(ii) getting a face card, (iii) getting a red card (iv) getting a card between 2 and 7, both inclusive, and (v)
getting a card between 2 and 8, both exclusive.
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3. Two cards are drawn from a pack of cards. Find the probability that they will be both red or both
pictures.
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4. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting a king or a heart or a red card.
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5. A company has two plants to manufacture hydraulic machines. Plant I manufactures 70% of the
hydraulic machines, and Plant II manufactures 30%. At Plant I, 80% of the hydraulic machines are rated
standard quality. At Plant II, 90% of the hydraulic machines are rated standard quality. A machine picked
up at random and is found to be of standard quality. What is the probability that it has come from Plant I?
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6. In a bolt factory machines A,B and C manufacture respectively 25%, 35% and 40% of the total of their
output 5, 4, and 2 percent are defective bolts. A bolts drawn at random from the product and is found to be
defective. What are the probabilities that it was manufactured by machines A, B and C?
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7. The contents of vessels I, II and III are as follows: 1 white, 2 black and 3 red balls, 2 white, 1 black and
1 red balls, and 4 white, 5 black and 3 red balls. One vessel is chosen at random and two balls drawn. They
happen to be white and red. What is the probability that they come from vessels I, II or III ?
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8. A fair die is tossed once. If the random variable is getting an even number, find the probability
distribution of X.
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9. A random variable X has the following probability distribution,

(i) Find the value of a. (ii) Find P(X < 3).

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10. Construct the distribution function of the discrete random variable X whose probability distribution is
as given below:

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 11. Is the function f(x) defined as
1
f  x  1  x  8
7 is a probability density function for a r.v. If yes then Find P(3 < X < 10)
 0 otherwise
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12. If the probability density function f(x) dened as,

f  x   kx 2 0  x  3
 0 otherwise
then find the value of k and compute (i) P(1 < X < 2) (ii) P(X < 2) and (iii)P(X  2).
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13. Two random variables X and Y have the joint probability density function
f  x, y   Ae  2 x  y  x, y  0
 0 otherwise
Find (i) A (ii) marginal pdf of X and Y (iii) f(y/x)
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14. From the following table for bi-variate distribution of (X,Y), find (i) P(X≤1) (ii) P(X ≤ 3) (iii) P(X ≤ 1;
Y ≤ 3) (iv) P(X ≤ 1 / Y ≤ 3) (v) P(Y ≤ 3 / X ≤ 1) (vi) P(X + Y ≤ 4)

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15. A simply supported beam carries a concentrated load P (lb) at its midpoint. Corresponding to various
values of P, the maximum deflection Y (in) is measured. The data is given below:
P 100 120 140 160 180 200
Y 0.45 0.55 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.85
Find a law of the form Y=a+bP using the least square method. Ans: Y=0.0476+0.0041P
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16. Fit a second degree polynomial using least square method to the following data:
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 1 1.8 1.3 2.5 6.3
Click here for Solution Ans: y = 1.42-1.07x+0.55x2
17. Fit the Exponential curve y = aebx to the following data:
x 0 2 4 6 8
y 150 63 28 12 5.6
Click here for Solution Ans: y = 146.28 e-0.4117x

18. Fit a curve y = abx to the following data:

x 2 3 4 5 6
y 144 172.8 207.4 248.8 298.5
Click here for Solution Ans: y = (100.0322) (1.1998)x

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 19. Fit a curve y = axb to the following data:
x 61 26 7 2.6
y 350 400 500 600
Click here for Solution Ans: y = 702.0644x-0.170
20. The runs scored by two batsman A and B in 9 consecutive matches are given below:
A 85 20 62 28 74 5 69 4 13
B 72 4 15 30 59 15 49 27 26
Which of the batsman is more consistent? Ans: σA =30.37, σB =21.18, CVA=75.925%, CVB = 64.18%
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21. Find the Coefficient of Correlation between x and y for the following data: Ans: 0.9032
x 62 64 65 69 70 71 72 74
y 126 125 139 145 165 152 180 208
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22. 10 participants in a contest are ranked by 2 judges as follows
X 1 3 7 5 4 6 2 10 9 8
Y 3 1 4 5 6 9 7 8 10 2
Calculate the Rank Coefficient of Correlation. Ans: 0.455
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23. Obtain the Rank Correlation Coefficient from the following data: Ans: 0.5429
x 10 12 18 18 15 40
y 12 18 25 25 50 25
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24. Find the rank correlation coefficient from the follows:
X 35 40 25 55 85 90 65 55 45 50
Y 100 100 110 140 150 130 100 120 140 110
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25. Ten competitors in a musical test were ranked by the three judges A, B, and C in the following order:
Rank by A 1 6 5 10 3 2 4 9 7 8
Rank by B 3 5 8 4 7 10 2 1 6 9
Rank by C 6 4 9 8 1 2 3 10 5 7
Using the Rank Correlation Method, find which pair of judges has the nearest approach to common
liking in music. Ans: The pair of Judges A and C
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26. From the following data, obtain the two regression lines and correlation coefficient.
Sales (x) 100 98 78 85 110 93 80
Purchase (y) 85 90 70 72 95 81 74
Ans: byx=0.785, bxy=1.1746, Two equations are y=0.785x+8.78 & x=1.1746y-3.1426, r=0.9602
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27. From the following data, obtain the two regression lines. Also find y when x=66.
X 57 58 59 59 60 61 62 64
Y 67 68 65 68 72 72 69 71
Ans: byx=0.667, bxy=0.545, Two equations are y=0.667x+28.98 & x=0.545y+22.395, y=73.002
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28. Calculate the first four moments from the following data:
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f 5 10 15 20 25 20 15 10 5
Also, calculate the values of 1 and  2 .
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29. Calculate the first four moments from the following data about the mean:
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
f 1 8 28 56 70 56 28 8 1
Also, calculate the values of 1 and  2 . Click here for Solution

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 f  x   4 x3 0  x  1
30. For the continuous random variable having pdf
 0 otherwise
Find the mean and variance of X.

31. A random variable X has the following distribution:

Find (i) mean (ii) variance, and (iii) P(1 < x < 6).
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32. Four coins are tossed simultaneously. What is the probability of getting (i)2 heads?(ii)at least 2 heads? (iii)
at most 2 heads?
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33. If 10% of the screws produced by a machine are defective, find the probability that out of 5 screws chosen
at random, (i) none is defective, (ii) one is defective, and (iii) at most two are defective.
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34. A multiple-choice test consists of 8 questions with 3 answers to eas. question (of which only one is correct).
A student answers each question by rolling a balanced die and checking the first answer if he gets 1 or 2 the
second answer if he gets 3 or 4, and the third answer if he go 5 or 6. To get a distinction, the student must
secure at least 75% correct answers. If there is no negative making, what is the probability that the student
secures a distinction?
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35. It has been claimed that in 60% of all solar heat installations the utility bill is reduced by at least one-third.
Accordingly, what are the probabilities that the utility bill will be reduced by at least one third in (i) four of
five installations? (ii) at least four of five installations?
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36. The incidence of an occupational disease in an industry is such that the workers have a 20% chance of
suffering from it. What is the probability that out of 6 workers chosen at random, four or more will suffer
from the disease?
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37. Out of 800 families with 5 children each, how many would you expect to have (i) 3 boys? (ii) 5 girls? (iii)
either 2 or 3 boys? (iv) at least one boy? Assume equal probabilities for boys and girls.
38. Manufacturer of cotterpins knows that 5% of his products are defective. If he sells cotterpins in boxes of
100 and guarantees that not more than 10 pins will be defective, what is the approximate probability that a
box will fail to meet the guaranteed quality?
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39. Six coins are tossed 6400 times. Using the Poisson distribution, what is the approximate probability of
getting six heads 10 times?
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40. If 2% of light bulbs are defective, find the probability that (i) at least one is defective, and (ii) exactly 7 are
defective. Also, find P (1 < X < 8) in a sample of 100.
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41. An insurance company insured 4000 people against loss of both in a car accident. Based on previous data,
the rates were computed on the assumption that on the average, 10 persons in 100000 will have car
accidents each year that result in this type of injury. What is the probability that more than 3 of the insured
will collect on their policy in a given year?
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42. A manufacturer, who produces medicine bottles, nds that 0.1% of the bottles are defective. The bottles are
packed in boxes containing. 500 bottles. A drug manufacturer buys 100 boxes from the producer of bottles.
Using Poisson distribution, nd how many boxes will contain (i) no defective bottles and (ii) at least 2
defective bottles.
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43. Fit a Poisson distribution to the following data:

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44. The lifetime of a certain kind of batteries has a mean life of 400 hours and the standard deviation as 45
hours. Assuming the distribution of lifetime to be normal, nd (i) the percentage of batteries with a lifetime
of at least 470 hours, (ii) the proportion of batteries with a lifetime between 385 and 415 hours, and (iii) the
minimum life of the best 5% of batteries.
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45. If the weights of 300 students are normally distributed with a mean of 68 kg and a standard deviation of 3
kg, how many students have weights (i) greater than 72 kg? (ii) less than or equal to 64 kg? (iii) between 65
kg and 71 kg inclusive?
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46. A coin was tossed 960 times and returned heads 183 times. Test the hypothesis that the coin is unbiased.
Use a 0.005 level of significance.
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47. Random samples of 400 men and 600 women were asked whether they would like to have a flyover near
their residence 200 men and 325 women were in favour of the proposal. Test the hypothesis that prope-
tions of men and women in favour of the proposal are same at 5 % level of significance.
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48. A random sample of 100 Indians has an average life span of 71.8 years with standard deviation of 8.9 years.
Can it be concluded that the average life span of an Indian is 70 years?
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49. Test the significance of the difference between the means of two normal population with the same standard
deviation from the following data
Size Mean SD
Sample I 100 64 6
Sample II 200 67 8
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50. The mean lifetime of a sample of 25 bulbs is found as 1550 hours with a SD of 120 hours. The company
manufacturing the bulbs claims that the average life of their bulbs is 1600 hours. Is the claim acceptance at
5 % level of significance?
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51. Two types of batteries are tested for their length of life and the following data are obtained :
Size Mean Variance
Type A 9 600 121
Type B 8 640 144
Test the hypothesis at 5% level of significance in two means.
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52. A dice was thrown 132 times and the following frequencies were observed:
No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Total
obtained
Frequency 15 20 25 15 29 28 132
Test the hypothesis that the dice is unbiased.
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53. 200 digits were chosen at random from a set of tables, The frequency of the digits are shown below:
Digits 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Frequency 18 19 23 21 16 25 22 20 21 15
Use the   test to access the correctness of the hypothesis that the digits were distributed in equal number
2

in the tables from which these were chosen.

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54. Find the mean and Quartile deviation from the following data:
X=x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
p(x) 0.004 0.036 0.1 0.232 0.280 0.204 0.112 0.028 0.004
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55. Find mean and quartile deviation from the following data:
X=x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
p(x) 0.008 0.032 0.142 0.216 0.240 0.206 0.143 0.013
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56. Calculate the mean for the following frequency distribution
Class 0-8 8-16 16-24 24-32 32-40 40-48
Frequency 8 7 16 24 15 7
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57. Following is the distribution of marks obtained by 60 students in a mathematics [Link] the A.M.
Marks(x) >0 >10 >20 >30 >40 >50
No. Of
60 56 40 20 10 3
students (f)
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58. Find median from the following data
Marks
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
less than
No. of
29 224 465 582 634 644 650 653 655
students
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59. The following table gives the marks obtained by 50 students in mathematics. Find median
Marks 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49
No. Of
4 6 10 5 7 3 9 6
students
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60. The frequency distribution of marks obtained by 60 students of a class in a college is given by
Marks 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
Frequency 3 5 12 18 14 6 2
Find Mode.
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