Different Types of Prosthesis
Process in Upper & Lower Limb
Restoring Function, Mobility &
Confidence
Introduction
• • Prosthesis = Artificial replacement for
missing limb/part
• • Reasons: Amputation (trauma, diabetes,
cancer, congenital defect)
• • Goals:
• - Restore function
• - Provide cosmetic appearance
• - Improve quality of life
General Prosthesis Process
• 1. Patient Assessment – stump condition,
lifestyle
• 2. Measurement / Casting – plaster or 3D scan
• 3. Socket Fabrication – custom interface
• 4. Component Selection – joints, foot, hand,
etc.
• 5. Alignment & Trial – test comfort & function
• 6. Final Fit – cosmetic finishing
• 7. Rehabilitation & Training – gait/functional
Upper Limb Prosthesis (Levels)
• • Finger / Partial hand
• • Wrist disarticulation
• • Below elbow (transradial)
• • Above elbow (transhumeral)
• • Shoulder disarticulation
• • Forequarter
Types of Upper Limb Prosthesis
• 1. Passive (Cosmetic) – natural look, no
movement
• 2. Body-Powered – harness & cable →
mechanical hook/hand
• 3. Myoelectric – muscle signals → electric
motors
• 4. Hybrid – combination of body-powered +
myoelectric
• 5. Activity-specific – sports, gym, work tools
Lower Limb Prosthesis (Levels)
• • Partial foot
• • Syme’s (ankle disarticulation)
• • Below knee (Transtibial)
• • Above knee (Transfemoral)
• • Hip disarticulation
• • Hemipelvectomy
Types of Lower Limb Prosthesis
• 1. Partial Foot Prosthesis – toe fillers, shoe
inserts
• 2. Syme’s Prosthesis – ankle disarticulation
socket
• 3. Transtibial (Below-Knee) – socket + pylon +
foot
• 4. Transfemoral (Above-Knee) – socket + knee
joint + foot
• 5. Hip Disarticulation Prosthesis – includes hip,
knee, ankle
• Cosmetic, body-powered,
myoelectric, hybrid
Key Differences – Upper vs. Lower
• Bionic arms, EMG, sensory
feedback Limb
• Often chosen for cosmetic
reasons
• Lower Limb:
• • Focus on mobility, gait,
weight-bearing
• • Partial foot, Syme’s,
transtibial, transfemoral
• • Microprocessor knees,
energy-storing feet
• • Essential for walking and
ADL
Recent Advances in Prosthesis
• • 3D Printing → low-cost, custom-made
• • Microprocessor Knees & Ankles → adaptive
walking
• • Osseointegration → direct bone implant, no
socket
• • Bionic Prosthetics → robotic arms/legs with
AI & feedback
Conclusion
• • Prosthetics restore dignity, independence,
and quality of life
• • Upper limb → focus on dexterity & cosmesis
• • Lower limb → focus on mobility & stability
• • Future = smart, affordable, bio-integrated
prosthesis
