lOMoARcPSD|36787907

Pavilion Research

Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education (Sorsogon State College)

Scan to open on Studocu

Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])
 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

Republic of the Philippines

SORSOGON STATE UNIVERSITY
Engineering and Architecture Department
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE
Sorsogon City

A RESEARCH PAPER

A Philippine Pavilion
(World Expo 2022)

1st Semester A.Y. 2021-2022

Prepared by:

AR DESIGN 5, 3 - A

Submitted to:

Assistant Professor 2

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

Republic of the Philippines

SORSOGON STATE COLLEGE
Engineering and Architecture Department
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE
Sorsogon City

PHILIPPINE EAGLE:

A PHILIPPINE EXHIBITION PAVILION

An undergraduate Research Study

submitted and presented

to the Faculty of Engineering-Architecture Department of

SORSOGON STATE UNIVERSITY

Sorsogon City Campus

for partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE

Submitted by:

BS Architecture 3A

Submitted to:

Assistant Professor II

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 1
I. Background of the Study
II. Statement of the Problem

RELATED LITERATURE 3
CASE STUDY 9

PROJECT DESCRIPTION 11

DESIGN CONCEPT

I. Bamboo Pavilion by Zuo Studio

II. Sinarapan Pavilion

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 13

DESIGN CRITERIA 13

FORM CONCEPT 14

STYLE GUIDING PRINCIPLES 14

FUNCTIONAL CONCEPT 16

ECONOMY CONCEPT 16

TIME CONCEPT 17

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCEPT 17

SPACE PROGRAM AND LOT AREA COMPUTATION 17

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING 18

REFERENCES 19

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

INTRODUCTION

Pavilion is a light temporary semi-permanent structure used in gardens and pleasure

grounds. Although there are many variations, the basic type is large, light, airy garden room with
a high-peaked roof resembling a canopy. It is a genre of building often found at large
international exhibitions such as a World’s fair.1

World Expos, officially known as ‘International Registered Exhibitions’, are a global

gathering of nations dedicated to finding solutions to pressing challenges of our time by offering
a journey inside a universal theme through engaging and immersive activities.2 It main purpose
is to enables people to communicate internationally and creates economic opportunities.
The host country invites other countries, international organizations, non-governmental
organizations and companies to be a part of the event with their own pavilions or
exhibitions.

Expos are the world fairs where the participant countries attended to show their
industrial potentials of the governments during the early years of holding them. At the same
time, these exhibitions have been the pioneers in modern museums and commercial and
international fairs which took step toward peace, economy, health, environment and life
improvement. Presently, Expos were no longer only as a location for displaying industry and
technology, but they had been converted into a place for showing creative ideas and modern
theories in architectural creation.

The Expo pavilions are extraordinary for their temporary character. It is a special type of
buildings – although passing, designed for the specific circumstances and time of exploitation –
without provisional character. The temporariness factor and the cost-effectiveness of pavilions’
constructions are juxtaposed with high expectations due to pavilions prestige and aesthetic
expression. There are built interesting objects, sometimes outstanding ones. Some of them
become the architectural icons, others the unforgettable symbols and physical proclamation of
present. Architecture of Expo pavilions becomes the evident testimony to contemporary
constructing abilities at the same time attaining perfection in the form. It makes a building to
stand out from the others in order to capture visitors.3

The construction of temporary pavilions makes it possible to highlight the technological,

cultural, or artistic values and advancements of a presenting person, social group, or even whole
nations during events, celebrations, or fairs. The most famous events allowing for such displays
are the World Fairs (Expos) during which nations exhibit their cultural, scientific, and
technological legacy and advancements. Those expositions take place in pavilions designed
especially for these occasions by architects, usually selected through a competition or to honor
their current achievements. Temporary pavilions, originally intended for housing the actual
exhibition, have become over the years the subject of these exhibitions in their own right.
Among the ‘temporary’ pavilions built on the occasion of World Fairs, some were made using
breakthrough technological solutions and they are still standing today.

This project aims to promote an understanding of the Philippine’s historical, cultural

background, and economic progress as an emerging nation in Asia and to enhance the masses
awareness of its identity in a global scale as well as enriching the Filipinos cultural lives. It also
aims to connect the Filipino people with the word through enhancing their appreciation of the
Philippines’ unique arts, cultures and traditions, and to network with global personalities,
groups, and institutions to create synergy to promote the country’s different aspects – may it be
of cultural, political, economic or commercial interest.

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Expo allows countries to create a fleeting miniature world, a microcosm of global

progress and dialogue. Expos provide a unique and international stage to engage in cultural
diplomacy and interact with the host country, other participants, potential tourists, trade
partners and investors. Through pavilions or dedicated spaces, each country projects itself to
large, captive and diverse audiences, creating a global village that offers an unprecedented
experience to visitors and participants alike.

The economic and cultural development that stem from hosting an Expo is an impetus
for lasting urban transformation on the Expo site and beyond. Expo projects are a key part of
urban development plans, acting as a catalyst to accelerate the transformation of cities and
having a long-term impact on society in both tangible (architecture, urban planning) and
intangible ways (culture, education). For citizens, Expos have the capacity to unleash dreams,
desires and inspiration, boosting mobility and elevating self-awareness.

Expos offer a rare opportunity to promote multilateral public diplomacy and foster
improved understanding in global relationships. In their pavilions, countries display and
showcase technological innovations and national cultures, engaging with civil society to craft a
positive and distinctive national identity. Expos have a transformative power in shaping
perceptions of nations and cultures, increasing awareness of the host country and international
participants by helping to shape and enhance a nation’s image and reputation.

The Expo 2020 is a six month long universal exposition which is scheduled to be hosted
in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The principal purpose of the community is to establish common
grounds or innovation and ideas. It also sets to promote collaboration and celebrate human
ingenuity.

The aims of Expos are essentially to raise awareness on and find solutions to global
challenges. For instance, Shanghai Expo 2010 had its theme as “Urbanism”, while Expo 2015
Milan had its theme as “Feeding the Planet, Energy for Life”. Aligned with such global themes
are the themes of Dubai Expo 2020, “Mobility, Opportunity and Sustainability”. The year 2017 is
when the design is being taken off paper and brought to life”, as the various infrastructure
projects are fully underway (BIE, 2017) Temporary urbanism in the form of temporary pavilions
can reveal the social, economic, or political needs and wants of a community.

Combining a wide variety of visual and sensual experiences, Expos are an ephemeral
microcosm that offer memorable experiences to participants and visitors alike. The innovative
architecture of the Expo site, the interactive exhibits within international pavilions, the ground-
breaking technology and the packed cultural programme all make Expos a convivial and
engaging experience for visitors. With education as their goal, Expos spark active citizenship and
shape new behaviours, increasing awareness of the challenges faced by humanity throughout
the world. Offering a snapshot of the world at a given time, Expos advance and encourage the
meeting of new cultures, fostering the public’s understanding of interconnections.

Expo is deemed as an unrepeatable opportunity for any nation to introduce their

country what it really is and immediately to the world. Enjoying rich history and culture and
potential for development and progress. The pavilion defines these elements in reference to
what they are not. Sculpture is decidedly the not-architecture and the not-landscape. This
definition creates additional categories of and junctions between, marked sites, site
constructions, and axiomatic structures. The pavilion aligns most closely with the axiomatic
structure, the most built of Krauss’ categories that is the intersection between architecture and
not-architecture. The pavilion is regarded as both architecture and not-architecture as it is

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

grounded in its temporality. The ease of appearance and disappearance of these structure is a
clue to the name pavilion, as the word can be traced to the Latin papilio or the French papillon,
both meaning ‘butterfly’ (Robinson, 2013; Bevan, 2015).

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This research study aims to determine the potential of Philippine Eagle (Haribon) to be
the Philippine Pavilion this 2022 to present the country. Specially, it aims to test its affectively to
be the representing pavilion in terms of the following architectural criteria

a) appearance of the building

b) design concept
c) functional design and concept
d) circulation ( interior and exterior)
e) interior space arrangement
f) urban planning
g) design philosophy
h) design criteria
i) form concept
j) style guiding principles
k) time concept
l) environmental concepts
m) economy concept
n) space program and lot area computation
o) architectural programming
p) modular coordination system

This study aims to formulate a well-planned, comfortable, convenient and suitable

design and place for tourist and travelers who are looking for a relaxing and peaceful destination
in which they can be more attached to nature. In addition, this study aims to design complex
structures and facilities by taking into consideration the codes, policies and laws.

II. RELATED LITERATURE

A four-story extension to one of Christian Grosch's 1830 massive Empire-style

structures, one of Norway's first such buildings, the Exhibition Pavilion is one of the country's
earliest examples of the style. The buildings needed extensive repairs and have been abandoned
since 1990. The new Exhibition Pavilion was created to offer a contemplative atmosphere, with
the importance of natural elements such as sunlight, the sky, and the surrounding vegetation
being stressed throughout the experience. Among new building materials, concrete, glass, steel,
marble, and oak are most frequently used. Four enormous columns that support the roof's
gently curving concrete shape support the structure's square, cast-on-site design. The glass
façade makes it difficult to distinguish between inside and outside. The provision of sun
protection, according to Sverre Behn (2021).

Pavilion structures are a perfect addition to any campus, city park,

recreation/entertainment center, or any other public gathering area. Pavilions can come in a
variety of forms and sizes, from resembling a circus tent to being an extravagant community
landmark, depending on the location’s function. Built in half the time and at around half the cost

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

of a conventional building, our precision crafted lightweight structures give architects, city
planners, and developers a great alternative to conventional construction. There are shapes,
forms, and surfaces we can create with a lightweight architecture that cannot be replicated with
any other method of construction. Lightweight structures are low maintenance, provide
abundant natural light, and are sustainable. (PFEIFER Structures designs, 2017)
The professional audiovisual industry is a multibillion-dollar industry that includes
audiovisual prod uct and service makers, dealers, systems integrators, consultants,
programmers, presentations experts, and technology managers. Installing and configuring
commercial audiovisual systems can take a long time. Boardroom audiovisuals can be placed for
a variety of reasons, but the most common cause is that the organization's or business's
executives need to interact with colleagues, clients, and suppliers all over the world. When
building an array of boardrooms for clients, it's important to balance the audio and microphone
patterns so that the sound quality for those listening isn't compromised.

Bangkóta, the Philippines Pavilion at the 2020 Expo in Dubai is more than just an
architectural masterpiece showcasing the Philippines. Woven within its undulating and free-
flowing form is the 4,000-year journey and history of the Filipino people. Designed by visionary
architect Royal Pineda, the “Bangkóta is a living coral reef, pulsating with people, movement,
activities, flora and water features, all functioning as one global ecosystem.” Measuring a total
outdoor area of 1,268 square meters and 385 square meters of winding path, with a total
landscaped area of 676 meters that includes water features, the Bangkóta is surrounded by a
see-through and free-form wire mesh exoskeleton that shelters visitors from morning and
afternoon sun. Tapping into his own design philosophy of ‘Nature is Peace’, Royal took
inspiration from the fact that coral reefs spread and thrive across the oceans, just as how
Filipinos thrive across the world. This makes the Bangkóta a transcendent architectural master
work as it is as much about Filipinos as it is about the Philippines.

The Philippines Pavilion is both an indoor and outdoor experience, with the meandering
external structure acting as a protective, fertile habitat to the hidden treasures within. It thus
becomes a venue to appreciate light and shadows, widths and heights, breeze and humidity,
warm and comfort, and the feel of raw and refined. Inside, visitors play an active role in creating
the narrative sequence by being given freedom to roam the pavilion’s spaces and exhibits. The
interior spaces are designed to elicit both thought and action, offering varying levels of
immersive experiences through film installations. Each visitor thus becomes part of the story,
where digital interactive art forms cinematically surround the viewer. In the same vein, the
Bangkóta is a celebration of the Filipino creativity. In the same vein, the Bangkóta is a
celebration of the Filipino creativity. This is the reason why an entire network of collaborators
such as National Artist for Music 5 Dr. Ramon Santos, visual maverick Avid Liongoren, and 10 of
the country’s most prominent artists have been called upon to contribute their own
interpretation of the Bangkota’s overarching theme of permeability, connectivity, and
sustainability. With artists, designers, and creators lending their skills and talents, the Bangkóta
is truly a product of the bayanihan spirit and a genuine example of design thinking that Filipinos
can call their own.

The research advances the design of a joining system for bamboo spatial structures by
proposing new and advanced solutions that give the designer maximum compositional freedom.
The joint enables the adaptation of culms with diverse dimensions to be determined and
controlled parametrically in any spatial grid configuration. Despite the fact that bamboo is one
of the most important natural construction materials in the field of sustainable architecture, it is
currently underutilized owing to a lack of suitable connection methods. Bamboo is a fast-

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

growing, naturally available renewable resource that is quite robust and lends itself to structural
uses. The paper suggests a novel approach to architectural design based on parametric
modeling tools that have been developed in recent years in tandem with breakthroughs in
computational geometry. The validation of the technological solution proposed was made
feasible by 3D prototyping of several types of joints and the architecturalcompositional design
of a temporary structure planned to be utilized as an exhibition pavilion.

At the 17th Venice Architecture Biennale, the exhibition of the Philippines focuses on
the idea of mutual support through built architecture, represented here by a small wooden
building that occupies almost entirely the Philippine Pavilion in the Venetian Arsenal Artiglierie
gallery. Inspired by the concept of Maaliwalas, a Filipino language word that roughly translates
to a space that is bright, spacious, and wellventilated, the building on show in Venice is a small
library and hangout space (aTambayan) for the local community created in November 2019
through a collaboration between the pavilion’s curators, architects Sudarshan V. Khadka Jr. and
Alexander Eriksson Furunes, and the members of the GK Enchanted Farm – a collaborative
platform aimed at helping local farmers and creating inclusive wealth in the Province of Bulacan,
north of Manila. Largely built by members of the local community, the library was then
disassembled and reassembled in Venice to present the concept of Bayanihan as an answer to
the question “How will we live together?” posed by the curator of this year’s Biennale, Hashim
Sarkis. The term Bayanihan expresses a spirit of mutual support and a culture of sharing and
cooperation widely present in the Philippines, especially in the countryside.

As the curators say: “The library was planned, designed and built through a process of
Bayanihan, the Filipino concept of Mutual support. As a tradition that 68 predates the market
economy, social and environmental sustainability determines the way decisions are made,
resources utilized, the process of construction, maintenance, and operation. As such, it offers a
different set of values that can give shape to our built environment.”. In this sense, the
Philippine Pavilion exhibition at this year’s Venice Biennale is a seminal example of the
collaborative self-creation of architecture as a means to improve resilience and mitigate the
consequences of natural disasters, social inequalities, and armed conflicts.

Visual complexity is vital for the attraction and sustainability of any open space. The
spatial qualities of any environment has a direct relationship to our eyes which affect the way
we perceive, which varies with the persons individual taste, culture and thinking. Density and
variety adds dynamism to our perception. I makes it complex. It has a great power to make
people feel monotonous, surprising or interesting. The physical properties like the size, color,
texture, pattern, composition affect the visual environment and can either please us or distract
us. The changes in level can have the visual, functional and psychological effects. The changing
skyline, the variety and decorations in the façade, the effect of variety of plants with different
color, texture and olfactory effects add charm to the surrounding. There was nothing like formal
space-every space encouraged and supported informal use. Hence the public life was really
lively full of zest and real to be together in the community. Hence, public life is a very vital
phenomenon which must be considered for the overall development of an individ ual and the
city. It should offer a delight and provide enthusiasm while, walking, standing, sitting. Chatting,
or doing any other activities. It is much important to consider the interest and demand of the
people and provide a greater sense of belonging in a public place. (Kiran, 2014)

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

Materials and technicalities required for construction : Within a few hours, the weather
in the Philippines may change from a scorching heat to a violent storm. As a result, Philippine
home construction materials must be sturdy and weather resistant. [18] This is not the situation
in Paris, which has a pleasant and mild climate.

Looking into the core materials required for the construction of the pavilion, it should be
known that these materials must be carefully selected. As to stay true to the eco-friendly
Filipino hut [19], most materials used will be environmental-friendly that should allow the
reduction of the ecological footprint of the construction. This includes the uses of; Bamboo:
Architecture firms have proven that if designed and maintained well, a bamboo structure can
last a lifetime. [20] Not only that, the walls of traditional Bahay Kubo homes are built with the
use of 80% to 90% bamboo and wood. [21] Wood: One of the most useful characteristics of
wood is its versatility. It can be utilized in almost any building project, independent of the
environment in which the structures are located. It is also very flexible, retaining its strength
even when twisted or squeezed. [22] It is also easily able for dismantling and reconstruction. A
great deal about wood and its flexibility as a lightweight material is discussed in this referenced
article. [23] Steel: Though it is susceptible to corrosion, it is not too much of a worry given that it
is a semi-permanent building. In the Philippines, steel production requires substantial human
labor, since ample amounts are usually required for construction projects. With the construction
of the pavilion needing most materials from the native country, this will generate a great deal of
work and job opportunities. Bricks: Commonly used for building as well, and with the use of
selective demolition, it will ensure that after the disassembly of the pavilion, materials such as
wood, brick, metals, and concrete will be allowed for recycling and future use in new structures
safely. [24] This ensures a cost-effective and environmental-friendly procedure. Concrete:
Though it may be used, it is only recommended for the foundations of the pavilion. In modern
day designs of the Bahay Kubo, concrete is used to ensure no pests would weaken the house’s
bamboo foundation. However, abolishing a building that relies heavily on concrete may not be
an easy task. Glass: Needed for windows, etc. Plastics: Commonly used for pipes, etc.

As this is a semi-permanent pavilion, it should consist of a coated PVC fabric membrane

tensioned on supporting interior poles or a clearspan frame. A fire suppression or energy code
requirement will usually not be required, as it is temporary. [25] In order to ensure patronages
and visitors are safe within the premises, the area will be spacious to avoid claustrophobic
accidents and will be fitted with heating technologies, ventilation systems [26], air conditioning
units, flooring etc.

The idea the improved quality of life cannot exist without economic growth and
development was revealed. Also, the protection and planned management of environment
should live in order to prevent its irretrievably devastation. Thus, in 1989 we can find concept of
sustainable development in the world literature and it describes this type of development. Soon,
it found out its implementation in the tourism area. Thus, the sustainable development of
tourism implies the satisfaction of tourist needs and the needs of local population at the same
time, without diminishing the possibilities for the same development in the future (Bucar,
Renko, 2008: 1656-1657). Tourism exhibition is not only a place to offer tourism capacities and
strengths of the country for the public, institutions, and linked organizations but also introduces
the institutions and organizations which are administrators in the field of tourism to the public.
Furthermore, tourism exhibition should lay the ground works to enter the country (BijaniAval,
2012: 3) tourism exhibitions are taken into account as one of the tourist attraction phenomena.
Visitors and exhibitors are business tourists who generate significant direct and indirect
economic benefits for the host destination (Jin et al, 2010: 553)

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

III. CASE STUDIES

The Philippines EXPO 2020 Dubai

The Philippines' Façade During the day, at the Pavilion at Bangkota. The sculpture of the
fabled figure Haliya, created by Duddley Diaz, may be seen from afar, greeting tourists.

The Republic of the Philippines Pavilion conjures the coral reef and uses it as a symbol
for the country and its people. Architect Royal L. Pineda, a principal of Budji Royal Architecture
Design, designed its spatial form.

As a result, the pavilion is called Bangkóta, which means "coral reef" in old Tagalog, one
of the 175 languages spoken in the tropical island, Asia's first republic. The Philippine languages
are descended from Austronesian, a single mother tongue. These languages interact and overlap
in a coral-like manner, much as Filipinos communicate and overlap with people all over the
world.

Curator Marian Pastor Roces' vision connects art-making and design with scientific
research on the ancient Philippines. She acted as a cornerstone in the conversation between the
architecture and the music composed by Ramon P. Santos, a National Artist. Santos' avant-garde
composition—informed by precolonial Philippine musical structure and instruments—audibly
connects the interior spaces.

The Philippine Pavilion, curated by Marian Pastor Roces and brought to form by architect
Royal L. Pineda, is organically shaped like the
coral reefs, evocative of openness,
permeability, and connectivity. The
structure, like reefs, appears to move
beneath the waters on which our 7,641
islands float, the waters that at once divide
and connect us not only to each other, but
also to the larger world.

It is also suggestive of the oceans and seas by

which—as historical accounts that go as far back as the ninth century show—we have had
constant interactions with Chinese, Japanese, Indians, and Arab traders since hundreds of
years before the Magellan expedition claimed to have discovered us in 1521.

The architectural interiors "develop" the guests' imagination within the organic spatial
volumes and within this music environment. In a sequence of organic environments, visual
encounters drive the delivery of up-to-date information about the Philippines. The sculpture
that dominates each gallery is the primary means of disseminating current scientific knowledge
about the Filipino people.

With a gripping image of the Philippines and its people as really global, Bangkóta aligns
with the theme of the upcoming Expo 2020 Dubai, “Connecting Minds, Creating the Future.”

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

The United Arab Emirates Pavilion EXPO 2020

Located at the heart of the

nearly 500-acre exhibition area, the
UAE Pavilion features 8,000 m2 of
exhibition space, where visitors will
be immersed in a multi-sensory
experience. As a symbol of the
UAE’s pioneering and innovative
spirit, the sheltering form of the
UAE Pavilion’s steel roof, influenced
by the grace and force of the falcon, is equipped with contemporary kinetic capacities and
innovative architectural elements.

More than a building: Inspired by the breathtaking nature of the UAE, the architecture
of the UAE Pavilion is also a unique marvel. With 28 movable wings, the UAE Pavilion’s roof can
spread its wings to harvest energy through integrated photovoltaic panels.

Sustainability: the Calatrava-designed UAE Pavilion has been accredited LEED Platinum
Certification and is compliant with the Dubai Green Building Regulations and Specifications.
Accordingly, the UAE Pavilion is energy-conscious ang integrates a range of elements and
qualities of sustainable design.

An example of a pavilion built by renowned Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava was

also shown on an online website, and there he presented his design for the UAE Pavilion for
Expo 2020 in Dubai, UAE, with the concept "wings that express the flow of movement." The
pavilion's shape recalls a "symbolic portrayal of the flow of movement"—it merges in with its
surroundings of greenery, covered arcades, and cantilevered wings while also speaking of the
UAE's development and creativity. With its architectural form and interwoven cinematic
features, Santiago Calatrava created a one-of-akind experience that invokes guests' memories
and visions of the UAE.

The pavilion's motif is

reflected in its roof construction,
which is comprised of a hybrid shell
and portal frame system. The roof has
28 wings that can be opened in under
three minutes. Its operation
necessitates the use of 46 hydraulic
actuators to initiate the rotation of
the wings, allowing them to fully
expand.

Santiago Calatrava has always

prioritized environmental solutions, as evidenced by the photovoltaic panels that are seamlessly
integrated into the roof structure. When the wings are closed, they shield the solar panels from
rain and sandstorms, while when they are open, they collect sunlight and capture energy

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

An Oculus skylight is built into the pavilion's ceiling, providing natural light from a height
of 27.8 meters and mirroring the Expo 2020 emblem. Furthermore, the Oculus improves the
pavilion's safety by being surrounded by grilles that open in the event of an accidental fire. A
faceted sphere-like room that accommodates an auditorium with a rising platform is another
unusual aspect of the interior. During the audio-visual experience, the platform supports the
interior seating and transfers the audience from one floor to another.

In addition, Santiago Calatrava has

unveiled his design for the Qatar Pavilion
at Expo 2020 in Dubai, United Arab
Emirates. The Pavilion's design
incorporates sculpture and structure to
create an architectural beacon that
represents Qatar's vision for the future
while also paying homage to the country's
rich cultural past. The design for the Qatar
Pavilion at EXPO 2020 in Dubai, UAE, has
been unveiled by Santiago Calatrava. The Pavilion's design incorporates sculpture and structure
to create an architectural beacon that represents Qatar's vision for the future while also paying
homage to the country's rich cultural past.

The concept of Santiago Calatrava is based on the belief that each new design must
emerge from its cultural setting, communicating traditional sensitivity via modern architecture
to create really inspirational structures. The design process for the Qatar Pavilion was
characterized as follows by Micael Calatrava, CEO of Calatrava International:

“Inspiration is derived from Qatar’s national emblem to truly capture the essence and
vision of the nation. The architectural gesture and structural form of the Pavilion, which houses
the entire visitor experience, mirrors the shape of the Dhow and its grand sails. The sculptural
monument at the entrance of the Pavilion represents an abstract translation and fusion of two
intertwined Palm trees, while the reflective pools and integrated water features surrounding the
Pavilion, represent the Arabian Gulf which encompasses the nation of Qatar.” — Micael
Calatrava, CEO of Calatrava International.

Visitors are directed through an immersive experience as they enter the Qatar Pavilion,
in which a truly synergistic interaction between the visual arts and the internal spaces engages,
inspires, and informs them about Qatar's past, present, and future. The project is nearing
completion, and with an expedited timetable of five months, the Qatar Pavilion will be ready in
time for Expo 2020, which is set to open on October 1st, 2021.

THE DENMARK PAVILION

The Denmark Pavilion at Expo 2010
Shanghai, China was designed in response to
the Expo Theme “Better City – Better Life”,
portraying Life in Denmark and celebrating
various aspects of Danish culture. A temporary
building with a net built-up area of 3000m2, it
articulates into a continuous geometric knot,

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

forming. A looping ramp that serves as the exhibition’s Backbone. On this continuous flowing
display Area, pedestrians move from internal, to external, and back to internal spaces around
the building-a continuous spiral that rises to a total height of some 11m.
The structure also acts as a velodrome, with bicycles available for public use. This both
raises Awareness of a green alternative to cars, and promotes a popular aspect of Danish
culture. At the Centre of the knot is a pond with the statue of Hans Andersen’s “Little Mermaid”,
moved from Copenhagen for the occasion.
The building additionally includes general office areas, a kitchen, and conference space.
The main Plant areas are in the basement levels, adjacent to the conference and kitchen
facilities. Additional Plant space is incorporated into the building floor plate through a technical
area located in the structural zone, behind a large display wall that runs the length of the
pavilion.

Structural and geometric concept:

Topologically, the pavilion is a unique continuous
body, whose knot geometry creates spatial and
Structural opportunities focused on the centre,
where the Little Mermaid draws visitors. The
geometry is a modified logarithmic spiral on plan,
formed by the rectangular tube, in section typically
Around 10m wide by 4.5m high. The first stage of the geometry has its starting point at the
Vertical core, after which the rectangular tube Moves along the ground through a quarter-circle.
The second stage launches into a cantilever That rises to 7.5m above the ground, completes The
remaining 270°, and connects again to the Core, directly above the starting section.

This “looping ribbon” experience through its structural journey different boundary
conditions: touching the ground, interlocking, disconnecting, floating, reaching the core,
interlocking again, and finally reaching the ground. Structurally, the knot's box girder comprises
two interlocking loops, the outer one cantilevering in space over the entrance to the internal
courtyard. The tectonic shift between the boxes looping creates a dramatic effect over the
cantilever, and an overall dynamic form.

Environmental concept: The envelope build-up is a sandwich, with vertical steel

stiffeners delivering the required structur al strength. Dynamic thermal simulations were used
to test the need for thermal insulation, and it was concluded that the effect would be marginal,
given the environmental conditions during the summertime Expo event. The building envelope
works as a screen between inside and outside with natural ventilation through the perforations.
Solar studies were carried out to assess the penetration of direct sunlight into the exhibition
space and possible implications on both solar gains and light conditions. Studies showed that

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

the operative temperature within the pavilion was likely to be high er than outside for
conditions that can be defined as acceptable (or even pleasant). More extreme conditions
(outdoor operative temperatures >29°C) occur rarely within the pavilion and far less frequently
than outside. The analyses were reported in terms of percentage of the occupied hours
exceeding certain operative temperatures and always compared with the outdoor conditions.
Structural system The structural system is divided into three principal parts: (1) the vertical
core; (2) the overlapping scissor beams; (3) the transverse C-profiles closed by the structurally
active façade, linked by lon gitudinal horizontal bars and bracing, forming the continuous tube.

The sequence of events at the exhibition takes! Place between two parallel facades- the
internal and external. The internal is closed and contains different functions of the pavilion. The
width varies and is defined by the programme of the inner space. The pavilion’s external façade
is made of perforated steel. In the evening time. The façade becomes a sequenced instrument
of interactive light illuminating the passers-by.

The Serpentine Gallery

The serpentine pavilion is

located at the Kensington gardens in
London. The form consists of an
organic shape with a walkway in the
center, creating a space which allows
forn interaction and causal
socialization. The outcome is a
welcoming, organic-shaped, space
well capable to interact with the
public and the fascinating landscape
around it. The theme of the pavilion
is a structure that is free-form yet
rigorous modular yet sculptural,
both transparent and opaque, both box and blob.

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

Experience of the space is not limited to the indoors alone but can also be towards the
outdoors due to the visual connection formed with the biophilia. By looking through these
openings towards the outside, one can perceive the space as a massive green wall. Space can
also be used as a massive step as a massive step seating feature. In addition, the form when
illuminated during the nighttime can cause a dominant contrast to the green environment

The Saudi Arabia Pavilion EXPO 2020

Boris Micka Associates designed the building and content s of the Saudi Arabia Pavilion
for Expo2020 in Dubai. They have participated in the fascinating development of this project,
form first sketches to public opening. The Pavilion, an inclined volume of rising form the ground
towards the sky, symbolizes the core message of the project: Saudi Arabia is a country firmly
rooted in its heritage but changing rapidly towards the future.

Throughout the
visitor’s experience, traditional
exhibition techniques are
intertwined with state-of-the
art audiovisual installations to
portray the transformation of
the country. The pavilion’s
architecture promotes visitors’
encounters and collaborative
interaction, while its contents
are called on to generate a
social aspect showing faces of
the Saudi Kingdom that are
widely unknown.

The KSA Pavilion deliberately avoids sinuous and over-complicated forms, difficult to
apprehend by the visitors. Standing as a self-contained, prismatic volume, this distinctive
landmark speaks of a solid, determined, trustworthy country. The beautifully
crafted structure rises from the ground upwards, symbolizing a firmly grounded society with
unlimited ambitions.

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

The simplicity of its lines and its construction quality represent a society that values
beauty in the essence of things. The building is a very recognizable statement for visitors, a point
of attraction that sparks their interest to explore further. The Pavilion reaches for the sky, its
facade opening like a large window into the future, reflecting the present. This welcoming
gesture opens the path that leads visitors through the contents of the various exhibition areas.

As an actual cultural embassy at EXPO, the Saudi Arabia Pavilion incarnates a

country opening to the world and a diverse society, proud of its heritage but rapidly evolving
towards a new and exciting future. A vast range of exhibition resources have been used to
encompass the diversity of Saudi Arabia as the biggest country in the Middle East: a fully
animated LED façade inclined over an interactive open plaza, large-scale curved screens to
generate immersive environments, scenographic reproductions, state-of-the-art digital
interactives, shootings in 22 natural locations covering 11.000 km, and other features.

The combination of traditional and fully contemporary exhibition techniques results in

a mesmerizing visitor experience. After the event, the Pavilion would remain as a legacy
architecture of the EXPO Dubai 2020

The Singapore Pavilion Expo Pavilion

Singapore’s decades-long journey from urban jungle to tree-filled green space has
earned it the nickname “City in a Garden”. For Expo 2020, the island country has brought a
slice of Singaporean greenery to the Dubai desert, creating a lush, fully explorable rainforest
experience. The open-air Singapore Pavilion unfolds across 1,500 square meters of soft
tropical plant life, centered upon three striking, themed garden cones and capped by a solar
canopy and hanging garden. Sample the authentic flavors of Singapore at the Sky Market,

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

take in the leafy vistas from the canopy walk, or just take a deep breath and enjoy the
garden’s calming quiet.

The Singapore Pavilion for Expo 2020 Dubai illustrates the city's aspiration towards a
sustainable future that merges architecture, nature, technology and culture. Under the title
"[Link]", the pavilion designed by WOHA Architects and landscape design
practice Salad Dressing showcases a sample of Singapore's urban environment that epitomizes
its City in Nature vision. The multi-layered green space creates a self-sufficient ecosystem
highlighting ideas of sustainability and resilience through the marriage of technology and
nature.

An abundance of plant life amid the Dubai desert, the Singapore Pavilion is a
sustainable rainforest paradise, inspired by the island nation’s nickname: “City in a Garden”.
The open-air structure is both surrounded by and covered with tropical greenery. Beginning
at ground level, a lush garden filled with trees and shrubs encircles the three massive cone
structures that form the pavilion’s core.

Inside, the three nine-meter tall cones function as thematic areas, under the shade of a
hanging garden. In the City Cone, a film narrates the rise of urban areas and the challenges
threatening the natural world; in the Rainforest Cone, a high density of plants imported from
Singapore recreates a slice of thick jungle; and in the Flower Cone, darkness sets the
atmosphere for a visual feast created by a myriad of orchids.

The greenery covering the ground, walls and ceiling acts as a natural surface to keep the
temperature down and filter the air. Small robots traverse the green walls, equipped with
cameras and sensors that monitor the health of the plants and collect data such as humidity and
oxygen levels. With that information, the amount of water is calibrated for irrigation and grow
lights are adjusted.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The Proposed Philippine Exhibition Pavilion is a semi- permanent structure that will rise
during the forthcoming World Expo Fair 2023 to be held in Paris, France. World Expo Fair 2023
in France is expected to be the largest and most expensive World Expo in history; therefore, it
will need proper and organized planning of space and circulation. The circulation and space
arrangement in the pavilion will be emphasize or will be given an importance in planning in
order to avoid additional expenses and unexpected incidents in the future pavilion. In addition,
regarding to its electrical and water supply system, it may be organized between walls and
under the structures for the safety purpose and proper viewing advantage to the public.

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

The site of the said project is considerably level and clear of any obstruction for
development. It has a total lot area of 1,200 sq.m (100m x 120x) facing the monument of the
Universal Peace and Progress, surrounded by 20 meters wide promenade for visitors of the fair
and an addition of landscape for the better views of pavilion inside and outside. It will be a
multi-storey structure that will include the following spaces:

• General information-shall be with the administration office.

• Cultural Exhibit Area
• Commercial exhibit area
• Industrial exhibit area
• Tourism and travel exhibit area
• Performing Arts Theater with dressing rooms, and comfort facilities for stage players
and personnel.
• Audio-visual Theater with projection room and comfort facilities for male and
female
• Philippine Restaurant and kitchen and food storage
• Horticulture and floriculture
• Marinarium area for live fishes
• Entrance hall at most accessible approaches to the pavilion of building groups
• Storage, utility, maintenance and custodial, stockrooms for exhibit items
• Landscape area for outdoor exhibit and service area for delivery vans and personnel
vehicles
• Provision of Amenities, Facilities, Services and Utilities. (AFSU)

The pavilion will also include ramps to be accessible for persons with disabilities. It will
be utilized by the public making the design universal.

DESIGN CONCEPT

The Proposed Philippine Exhibition Pavilion

design is a combination of modern and green
architecture. The design was inspired to the endangered
species found only in the Philippines- the Philippine Eagle
or Haribon. It is envisioned to showcase the countries
unique arts, cultures and traditions to our tourists and
visitors through exhibits or exposition to achieved the
goal of entertaining the guests or visitors, also the spaces will
be organized based on the users or visitors for them to feel
comfortable. The design will focus on being unique, yet simple
and charismatic, massive and strong. Modular coordination
system will be adapted in the plan in order to facilitate pre-
fabrications and erection of components in the job sites and to
hasten the completion of the pavilion.

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

“I don’t think that architecture is only about

shelter, is only about a very simple enclosure. It should be
able to excite you, to calm you, to make you think.”

- Zaha Hadid

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

Zaha Hadid was an Architect known for her radical Deconstructivist designs. Her style
was intensively futuristic architecture characterized by curving facades, sharp angles, and using
materials such as concrete and steel. The Proposed Exhibition Pavilion will be constructed
similarly to principles the architect. the design was inspired the architectural style of the
architect and principles.

DESIGN CRITERIA

The Proposed Haribon; Philippine Exhibition Pavilion will reflect the historical, cultural,
background and economic progress of the Philippine nation. It will highlight our countries
unique arts, culture, and traditions that originated in the Philippines. The shape of the proposed
pavilion was influenced or inspired to the Philippine eagle, known as Haribon or Agila of the
Philippine. One of the endangered species only found in the country with its good posture and
reputation to the people the design will have a great influence too.

FORM CONCEPT

Philippine Eagle as a symbol of strong and bravery personalities of the Filipinos will
represents the country. The inspired design of the Philippine Exhibition Pavilion will take from
an eagle ready to attack its prey, in order to showed the boldness and fighter characteristics of
its people. The design of a post–modern architecture symbolizes the big growth of the country
to the more advance and modernize from of architecture

STYLE GUIDING PRINCIPLES

The Proposed Philippine Exhibition Pavilion design is a combination of modern and

green architecture. The building's style will also incorporate a touch of Philippine symbol of
heritage and culture, which will be seen on the exterior as well as the interior of the pavilion
building, resulting in a strong, unique theme and concept overall. The building’s style will make
the building stand out from the exterior to its interior outlook.

The Proposed Philippine Pavilion will serve as a general tourist spot that will represent
the Philippines in the 2023 World Exposition Fair at Paris, France. In modern architecture, an
idea was form follow function, it means that proposing a building's purpose should be the
starting point for its design rather than its aesthetics. The way of showcasing the unique arts,
cultures and traditions through exhibitions or exposition will fulfill its function to entertain and
attract tourists and visitors. Facilities or areas will be organized based on its functions and
capacity of users to avoid unfortunate incidents, giving enough area in every facility to
accommodate many visitors. Also, walkways will be planned with enough wide for the capacity
of users. It is important to follow the functions for the user’s comfort ability

FUNCTIONAL CONCEPT

In modern architecture, an idea was form follow function, it means that proposing a
building's purpose should be the starting point for its design rather than its aesthetics. Based on
that, the Proposed Philippine Exhibition Pavilion will be a new tourism that will represent the
country of the Philippines. The way of showcasing the unique arts, cultures and traditions
through exhibitions or exposition will fulfill its function to entertain and attract tourists and
visitors.

ECONOMY CONCEPT

Designing a sustainable temporary structure, such as a pavilion for the World Expo,
offers a larger economic advantage for the building, particularly in terms of energy, water, and
other operational costs, as well as for the nearby buildings and retailers. This will also benefit

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

building inhabitants' health, comfort, well-being, and productivity. The materials that will be
utilized are of excellent quality to ensure that the building has a longer life span and is more
practical. To avoid wasting space and money, space planning must be planned. Glass will also be
used as a part of the proposed structure. The structures would be light and airy to allow for the
natural light and ventilation required for lower energy and construction costs.

TIME CONCEPT

To ensure the lifespan of the planned project will be built using modern and advance
building techniques. Modern construction methods employ cutting-edge new building processes
and materials with the goal of shortening construction periods, lowering energy usage. Where
components of the build were created in a manufacturing environment before being
transported to the site, pre-fabricated materials will be employed. Materials that are safe and
easy to export are to be evaluated before transportation to avoid delays in the construction
schedule.

ENVIRONEMENTAL CONCEPT

Environmental sustainability is described as appropriate engagement with the

environment to avoid natural resource depletion or deterioration and to ensure long-term
environmental quality. Environmental sustainability is a method of ensuring that today's
population's demands are met without affecting future generations' ability to meet their own.

Designing a sustainable temporary building such as pavilion during World Expo has a
higher economic benefit for the building especially for energy, water, and other operating
expenses as well to the neighboring buildings and stores residing near the site.

Main component to be used in the construction of the pavilion are the steel, though it is
susceptible to corrosion, it isn’t too much of a worry given that it is a semi-permanent building.
In the Philippines, steel production requires substantial human labor since ample amounts are
usually required for construction projects. Glass, needed for windows and other aesthetic
designs. For the plastic, commonly used in a lot of things, like pipes and are durable.

To address the environmental challenges that we can no longer ignore, a fundamental

revolution in the characteristics of construction is still require. The Philippine Exhibition Pavilion
will use green architecture in the form of an urban design that would be appropriate for urban
planning and would maximize the area and sites potential. Aside from the main urban planning,
public parks, urban squares, greenways, and green belt landscaping ideas would be
implemented for a better aesthetic in the pavilion structures outside.

SPACE PROGRAM AND LOT AREA COMPUTATION

During the schematic design process, space programming is used to create the
necessary form and space layouts in accordance with the project's needs. Critical analyses and
inspections will be carried out in order to meet the clients' wishes and requirements, which are
limited by the building. Failure to meet building code and customer criteria may result in the
design being rejected, an increase in costs, a decrease in building performance, and fines.

Floor Area
Space User No. OF User
(m2)
1. Administration Office Staff 5-10 20.00
2. Cultural exhibit Area Public - 70.00
3. Commercial Exhibit Area Public - 70.00
4. Industrial Exhibit Area Public - 70.00
5. Tourism and Travel Exhibit Public - 70.00

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

Area
6. Performing Arts Theater Varies 60.00
7. Audio-Visual Theater Varies - 60.00
8. Philippines Restaurant Public - 80.00
9. Horticulture and Floriculture Public - 70.00
10. Marinarium Area Public - 70.00
[Link] Hall Public - 60.00
12. Public Comfort Rooms Public - 15.00
13. Storage Rooms Staff
a) Utility Staff
5 30.00
b) Maintenance Staff
c) Stockrooms Staff
14. Landscape Area Public - -
15. Amenities Staff
a) Facilities Staff
5 30.00
b) Services Staff
c) Utilities Staff
(note: all the following measurements and areas computed are estimated data)

The Philippines Exhibition Pavilion would have a 100m x 120m (1200m 2) lot size with no
obstructions for the pavilion structure’s development, considerably level and clear of any
obstruction for the development of the pavilion structure, surrounded with 20m promenade for
visitors of the fair.

Total Lot Area (TLA)

= 100m x 120m

=12000m2

Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF)

=2400m2

Maximum Allowable Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO)

= (2400 / 12000) x 100

= 20% of TLA

Maximum Allowable Impervious Surface Area (ISA)

= 3600m2

(3600 / 12000) x 100 = 30% of TLA

Maximum Unpaved Surface Area (USA)

= 6000m2

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

This part of the research study depicts spatial and design components, as well as the
identification of minimal spatial requirements for facilities and general spaces, as well as the
strategic location of spaces for the Proposed Philippine Pavilion in the 2023 World Exposition
Fair.

The Philippine Exhibition Pavilion would not generally take all the space in the allotted
space but would practice proper and only needed space required for each facility that would

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

give the structure a better ventilation and circulation it may be inside or outside the structure.
Some are combined spaces yet measured separately for more accurate space distribution.

Required Spaces and Elements Measurements

1. Administration Office 5m x 4m
(included a 1 common bathroom)
2. Cultural Exhibit Area 14m x 5m
3. Commercial Exhibit Area 10mx 7m
4. Industrial Exhibit Area 10m x 7m
5. Tourism and Travel Exhibit Area 14m x 5m
6. Performing Arts Theater 10m x6m
(included a dressing rooms and comfort facilities)
7. Audio-Visual Theater 10m x 6m
(included a projection, and sound room, and comfort facilities)
8. Philippine Restaurant 10m x 8m
(included a kitchen and food storage)
9. Horticulture and Floriculture 10m x 7m
10. Marinarium Area 10m x 7m
11. Entrance Halls 12m x 5
12. Public Comfort Rooms 5m x 3m
13. Storage, Utility, Maintenance & Stockrooms 5m x 3m
14. Landscape Area -
15. Amenities, Facilities, Services and Utilities (AFSU) 5m x 3m
(note: all the following measurements and areas computed are estimated data)

Legend:

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

REFERENCES

Arch20. (2021). Retrieved from Arch20 Web site: [Link]

unveils-a-futuristic-uaepavilion-for-the-expo-2020-dubai/

Lara, T. T. (2019). Philstar Global. Retrieved from Philstar Global Web site:

[Link]
pavilion-dubai-expo-2020- inspired-coral-reefs-diaspora-and-dedicated-ofws

Findling, J. (2018). Britannica. Retrieved from Britannica Web site:

[Link]

Yossef, M. N., & Khalife, F. A. (2015). ResearchGate. Retrieved from ResearchGate Web site:

[Link]
Digital_Pavilion_and_Recalling_Futur

The Obverse/Reverse Pavilion: an example of form-finding with isogeometric analysis in the

design of temporary, low-cost and eco-friendly structure, Jerzy F. Latka, Michael Swieciak, 2021

[Link]

“Bangkota” is the story of the Filipino, 2020

[Link]
is-the-story-of-the-filipino/72578

Philippine Pavilion – Venice Architecture Biennale 2021;

[Link]
architecturebiennale-2021/

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])

 lOMoARcPSD|36787907

The Singapore Pavilion EXPO 2021:

Singapore Pavilion | World Expo ([Link])

The Saudi Arabia Pavilion at Pavilion Expo 2020:

THE SAUDI ARABIA PAVILION AT EXPO 2020 | ITSLIQUID GROUP

Downloaded by Yana Mitchel Perez (perezyanamitchel026@[Link])