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Here's a simple and clear lesson note on Living and Non-Living Things suitable for Primary 2
students:
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Lesson Notes: Living and Non-Living Things
What are Living Things?
Living things are things that are alive.
They grow, eat, breathe, move, and have babies.
Examples of living things:
People
Animals (like dogs, cats, birds)
Plants (like trees, flowers, grass)
Characteristics of Living Things
1. They grow: Living things get bigger over time.
2. They move: Animals move from place to place, and plants can move parts like leaves or flowers.
3. They need food: Living things eat or make their own food to live.
4. They breathe: Living things take in air (oxygen).
5. They reproduce: Living things have babies or make new plants.
What are Non-Living Things?
Non-living things are not alive.
They do not grow, eat, breathe, or have babies.
Examples of non-living things:
Rocks
Toys
Water
Cars
Differences Between Living and Non-Living Things
Living Things Non-Living Things
They grow They do not grow
They need food and water They do not need food or water
They breathe They do not breathe
They move on their own They do not move on their own
They have babies or seeds They do not have babies or seeds
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Activity:
Look around your home or school. Find 3 living things and 3 non-living things.
Draw or write their names.
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Lesson Note – Basic Science
Class: Primary 2
Topic: Parts of a Plant
Duration: 40 minutes
Subject: Basic Science
Reference Materials: Basic Science textbook for Primary 2, Teacher’s notes, Real plants
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1. Lesson Objectives
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
1. Identify the main parts of a plant.
2. State the functions of each part of a plant.
3. Draw and label the parts of a plant.
4. Appreciate the importance of plants in our environment.
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2. Instructional Materials
A real plant (potted or uprooted)
Chart or diagram of a plant
Flash cards with names of plant parts
Drawing book and crayons/pencils
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3. Lesson Introduction (5 minutes)
Begin by asking pupils: “What do we see in the school garden or farm?”
Let them mention examples: trees, flowers, maize, yam, etc.
Show them a real plant and tell them: “Today, we are learning about the parts of a plant.”
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4. Lesson Presentation
(A) Identification of Parts of a Plant (10 minutes)
Show the plant and point out the parts:
1. Root
2. Stem
3. Leaves
4. Flowers
5. Fruits/Seeds
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(B) Functions of Plant Parts (10 minutes)
1. Root – holds the plant in the soil and absorbs water and minerals.
2. Stem – supports the plant and carries food and water to other parts.
3. Leaves – make food for the plant using sunlight (photosynthesis).
4. Flowers – help the plant to produce fruits and seeds.
5. Fruits/Seeds – used for reproduction and provide food for humans and animals.
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(C) Class Activities (10 minutes)
Pupils come out in groups to point at parts of the real plant.
Teacher divides the class into groups to draw and label a simple plant.
Pupils match flash cards of names with the correct parts on the chart.
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5. Lesson Conclusion (3 minutes)
Summarize: “A plant has roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Each part has a special work.”
Ask pupils to repeat the names and functions.
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6. Evaluation (5 minutes)
Ask pupils the following questions:
1. Name the 5 main parts of a plant.
2. What is the work of the root?
3. Which part of the plant makes food?
4. Which part produces seeds?
5. Draw and label a plant.
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7. Assignment
Draw a plant at home, label its parts, and color it.
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Lesson Note – Basic Science
Class: Primary 2
Subject: Basic Science
Topic: Uses of Water
Duration: 40 minutes
Reference Materials: Basic Science textbook for Primary 2, real-life objects, teacher’s notes
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1. Lesson Objectives
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
1. Mention different uses of water in daily life.
2. Demonstrate some activities that require water.
3. Appreciate the importance of water in the home, school, and environment.
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2. Instructional Materials
Bucket or bowl of clean water
Cup, soap, spoon, toy fish, small watering can
Pictures/charts showing people using water (drinking, bathing, washing, farming, etc.)
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3. Lesson Introduction (5 minutes)
Ask pupils: “Who drank water this morning?” (Let some raise their hands).
Ask again: “Can we live without water?” (Guide them to answer No).
Tell them: “Today, we are learning about the uses of water.”
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4. Lesson Presentation
(A) Discussion on Uses of Water (15 minutes)
Teacher explains and demonstrates the following uses of water:
1. Drinking – water quenches thirst and keeps us healthy.
2. Cooking – water is used to boil rice, yam, beans, etc.
3. Bathing – to keep our body clean.
4. Washing – for clothes, plates, and the house.
5. Farming – water is used to water plants and for animals to drink.
6. Transportation – boats and ships move on water.
7. Recreation – swimming, fishing, and playing in water.
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(B) Class Activities (10 minutes)
Pupils come out in turns to show how water can be used (e.g., pretend to drink, wash hands, or water a
plant).
Group pupils to match flash cards of “Drinking, Bathing, Cooking” to corresponding pictures.
Teacher allows a short rhyme:
“Water, water, everywhere,
For drinking, cooking, washing care.
For bathing, farming, swimming too,
Water is important for me and you.”
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5. Lesson Conclusion (3 minutes)
Summarize: “Water is very important. We use water to drink, cook, bathe, wash, farm, travel, and play.”
Let pupils chorus the uses after the teacher.
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6. Evaluation (5 minutes)
Ask pupils:
1. Mention three uses of water.
2. Why do we drink water?
3. Which use of water helps plants to grow?
4. How is water used in transportation?
5. Sing the water rhyme together.
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7. Assignment
Draw two things you use water for at home.
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Lesson Note – Basic Science
Class: Primary 2
Subject: Basic Science
Topic: Parts of the Human Body
Duration: 40 minutes
Reference Materials: Basic Science textbook for Primary 2, charts/flash cards, teacher’s notes
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1. Lesson Objectives
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
1. Identify the major parts of the human body.
2. State the functions of the main body parts.
3. Demonstrate the use of different parts of the body.
4. Appreciate the importance of taking care of the body.
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2. Instructional Materials
Chart showing the human body
Flash cards with names of body parts
Real-life demonstration (teacher and pupils pointing to their own body parts)
Song or rhyme about body parts
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3. Lesson Introduction (5 minutes)
Teacher sings with pupils:
“Head, shoulders, knees and toes… eyes, ears, mouth and nose.”
Ask pupils to touch the body parts as they sing.
Tell them: “Today, we are learning about the parts of the human body and their uses.”
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4. Lesson Presentation
(A) Identification of Body Parts (10 minutes)
Show the chart and point to each part while pupils repeat after you:
Head
Eyes
Nose
Ears
Mouth
Hands
Legs
Stomach
Back
Chest
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(B) Functions of Body Parts (10 minutes)
Head – carries the eyes, ears, nose, and mouth.
Eyes – for seeing.
Nose – for smelling and breathing.
Ears – for hearing.
Mouth – for eating, speaking, and tasting.
Hands – for writing, working, and holding things.
Legs – for walking, running, and jumping.
Stomach – where food is digested.
Back/Chest – for support and protection of organs.
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(C) Class Activities (10 minutes)
Pupils come out in turns and point to the body part the teacher calls.
Group pupils into pairs to demonstrate uses of the body (e.g., walking, clapping, smelling).
Teacher leads a short rhyme:
“Eyes to see, nose to smell,
Ears to hear, mouth to tell.
Hands to work, legs to run,
Our body parts are lots of fun.”
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5. Lesson Conclusion (3 minutes)
Summarize: “The human body has many parts like head, eyes, nose, mouth, ears, hands, and legs. Each
part has its own work.”
Pupils repeat the summary after the teacher.
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6. Evaluation (5 minutes)
Ask pupils:
1. Name five parts of the body.
2. What do we use our eyes for?
3. Which part do we use to smell?
4. What is the use of our legs?
5. Sing the body parts rhyme.
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7. Assignment
Draw and color a human body. Label five parts.
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Lesson Note – Basic Science
Class: Primary 2
Subject: Basic Science
Topic: Types of Weather
Duration: 40 minutes
Reference Materials: Basic Science textbook for Primary 2, teacher’s notes, real-life examples
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1. Lesson Objectives
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
1. Define weather in simple terms.
2. Identify different types of weather.
3. Describe the features of each type of weather.
4. Appreciate the importance of weather in our daily life.
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2. Instructional Materials
Pictures/charts showing sunny, rainy, cloudy, and windy weather
Umbrella, sweater, sunglasses (real objects for demonstration)
Flash cards with weather names
Outdoor observation (if possible)
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3. Lesson Introduction (5 minutes)
Ask pupils: “How is the sky today? Is it sunny, rainy, or cloudy?”
Let pupils respond with what they observe outside.
Tell them: “This condition we see outside is called WEATHER. Today, we are learning about types of
weather.”
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4. Lesson Presentation
(A) Meaning of Weather (5 minutes)
Weather is the condition of the air around us at a particular time.
It can change every day.
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(B) Types of Weather (15 minutes)
1. Sunny Weather 🌞
The sun shines brightly.
The day is hot.
People wear light clothes and use umbrellas/sunglasses.
2. Rainy Weather
Rain falls from the sky.
Everywhere is wet.
People use umbrellas, raincoats, and boots.
Farmers plant crops.
3. Cloudy Weather ☁️
The sky is covered with clouds.
Sometimes it looks dark and rain may fall.
4. Windy Weather
The wind blows strongly.
Trees and leaves move.
Kites can fly in the wind.
(Optional: Add Cold/Harmattan Weather if it is common in your area.)
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(C) Class Activities (10 minutes)
Pupils match flash cards of “Sunny, Rainy, Cloudy, Windy” to correct pictures.
Demonstration: Teacher opens umbrella (rainy), wears sunglasses (sunny), or ties a sweater (cold).
Short rhyme together:
“Sunny, rainy, windy too,
Cloudy skies both dark and blue.
Weather changes every day,
That’s what nature tries to say.”
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5. Lesson Conclusion (3 minutes)
Summarize: “Weather is the condition of the air around us. We have sunny, rainy, cloudy, and windy
weather.”
Pupils repeat after the teacher.
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6. Evaluation (5 minutes)
Ask pupils:
1. What is weather?
2. Mention three types of weather.
3. Which weather do we use an umbrella for?
4. What do we see in the sky during sunny weather?
5. Which weather makes trees move?
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7. Assignment
Draw and color two types of weather you see in your area.
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Lesson Note – Basic Science
Class: Primary 2
Subject: Basic Science
Topic: Seasons and Changes in Weather
Duration: 40 minutes
Reference Materials: Basic Science textbook for Primary 2, charts, teacher’s notes
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1. Lesson Objectives
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
1. Define season in simple terms.
2. Identify the different seasons we have in our country.
3. Explain the changes in weather during each season.
4. Appreciate the importance of seasons in our daily life.
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2. Instructional Materials
Charts/pictures showing rainy and dry seasons
Umbrella, rain boots, sunglasses, fan (for demonstration)
Flash cards with “Rainy Season” and “Dry Season”
Outdoor observation (if possible)
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3. Lesson Introduction (5 minutes)
Begin by asking: “Is it raining outside today, or is the sun shining?”
Let pupils respond.
Tell them: “The changes we see in the weather for some months are called SEASONS. Today, we are
learning about seasons and changes in weather.”
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4. Lesson Presentation
(A) Meaning of Season (5 minutes)
A season is a period of the year that has its own kind of weather.
In our country, we have two main seasons: Rainy Season and Dry Season.
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(B) Types of Seasons and their Weather Changes (15 minutes)
1. Rainy Season
It rains a lot.
The sky is cloudy.
The weather is usually cool.
Farmers plant crops because rain helps plants grow.
People use umbrellas, raincoats, and boots.
2. Dry Season 🌞
Little or no rain falls.
The sun shines brightly and the weather is hot.
In some places, the harmattan wind blows (cold, dusty, and dry).
Rivers and streams may dry up.
People wear light clothes and drink more water.
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(C) Class Activities (10 minutes)
Pupils match flash cards of “Rainy Season” and “Dry Season” to correct pictures.
Teacher shows umbrella and sunglasses for pupils to identify which season they belong to.
Pupils act out: carrying an umbrella in rainy season and fanning themselves in dry season.
Short rhyme:
“Rainy season, raindrops fall,
Dry season, sun shines tall.
Weather changes every day,
Nature works in its own way.”
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5. Lesson Conclusion (3 minutes)
Summarize: “A season is a period of the year with a kind of weather. We have rainy season and dry
season. The weather changes in each season.”
Pupils repeat the summary after the teacher.
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6. Evaluation (5 minutes)
Ask pupils:
1. What is a season?
2. Mention the two main seasons in our country.
3. Which season has a lot of rainfall?
4. Which season is very hot and dry?
5. What clothes do we wear during the rainy season?
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7. Assignment
Draw and color one activity you do in the rainy season and one in the dry season.
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Lesson Note – Basic Science
Class: Primary 2
Subject: Basic Science
Topic: Recycling and Waste Management
Duration: 40 minutes
Reference Materials: Basic Science textbook for Primary 2, charts/pictures, teacher’s notes
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1. Lesson Objectives
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
1. Explain what waste is.
2. Identify different types of waste around us.
3. Define recycling in simple terms.
4. State ways of managing waste properly.
5. Appreciate the importance of keeping our environment clean.
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2. Instructional Materials
Real waste items (plastic bottle, paper, tin, nylon bag)
Charts showing waste bins and recycling symbols ♻️
Flash cards with “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle”
Brooms, dustbins, sweeping materials
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3. Lesson Introduction (5 minutes)
Teacher asks: “Who swept the house or classroom this morning? What did you pack away?”
Allow pupils to answer (refuse, dirt, papers, plastics).
Tell them: “Those things we throw away are called WASTE. Today, we are learning about recycling and
waste management.”
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4. Lesson Presentation
(A) Meaning of Waste (5 minutes)
Waste is anything we no longer need and throw away.
Examples: paper, food remains, plastics, tins, bottles, nylon.
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(B) Types of Waste (5 minutes)
1. Biodegradable waste – things that can rot (food, leaves, paper).
2. Non-biodegradable waste – things that do not rot easily (plastics, tins, bottles).
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(C) Meaning of Recycling (5 minutes)
Recycling means using waste materials to make new things.
Example: old papers made into new paper, plastic bottles made into new containers.
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(D) Waste Management (10 minutes)
Ways to manage waste:
1. Reduce – avoid wasting things, use less.
2. Reuse – use items again (e.g., use bottle for water, tin for storage).
3. Recycle – turn waste into new products.
4. Proper disposal – put waste in dustbins, not on the ground.
5. Keep environment clean – sweep regularly, clear gutters.
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(E) Class Activities (5 minutes)
Pupils sort real waste items into two groups: things that rot and things that don’t rot.
Pupils demonstrate throwing dirt into a dustbin.
Teacher leads rhyme:
“Reduce, Reuse, Recycle,
Keep the world clean and simple.
Throw your dirt into the bin,
That’s how we keep our environment clean.”
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5. Lesson Conclusion (3 minutes)
Summarize: “Waste are things we throw away. Recycling means making new things from waste. We
manage waste by reducing, reusing, recycling, and proper disposal.”
Pupils repeat after the teacher.
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6. Evaluation (5 minutes)
Ask pupils:
1. What is waste?
2. Give two examples of waste that can rot.
3. What is recycling?
4. Mention two ways of managing waste.
5. What should we do to keep our environment clean?
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7. Assignment
Draw and color two waste items that can be recycled.
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Lesson Note – Basic Science
Class: Primary 2
Subject: Basic Science
Topic: Animal Habitat
Duration: 40 minutes
Reference Materials: Basic Science textbook for Primary 2, teacher’s notes, charts/pictures of animals
and their homes
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1. Lesson Objectives
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
1. Explain what a habitat is in simple terms.
2. Identify different types of animal habitats.
3. Mention examples of animals that live in each habitat.
4. Appreciate the importance of habitats to animals.
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2. Instructional Materials
Charts showing animals and their homes (fish–water, lion–forest, goat–farm)
Flash cards with names of animals and habitats
Toy animals (if available)
Real-life observation (school surroundings)
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3. Lesson Introduction (5 minutes)
Begin with a question: “Where do you sleep at night?” (home/house).
Then ask: “Do animals also have places they live?” (Yes).
Tell them: “The natural home of an animal is called a HABITAT. Today, we are learning about animal
habitats.”
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4. Lesson Presentation
(A) Meaning of Habitat (5 minutes)
A habitat is the natural home of an animal, where it finds food, water, and shelter.
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(B) Types of Animal Habitats (15 minutes)
1. Land (Forest/Grassland) Habitat 🌳
Animals: lion, elephant, zebra, monkey, goat.
Features: land, trees, grass.
2. Water Habitat 🌊
Animals: fish, crocodile, frog, crab.
Features: rivers, ponds, seas.
3. Air Habitat ☁️
Animals: birds, bats, insects (butterfly, bee).
Features: sky/air, nests on trees.
4. Home (Domestic) Habitat 🏠
Animals: dog, cat, hen, cow, goat.
They live with humans and depend on us for food and shelter.
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(C) Importance of Habitat (5 minutes)
Habitats provide animals with:
1. Food
2. Water
3. Shelter (home)
4. Protection from enemies
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(D) Class Activities (5 minutes)
Pupils match animals to their correct habitats using flash cards.
Pupils point to pictures of fish, lion, bird, and dog and say where they live.
Short rhyme:
“Fish in water, birds in air,
Goats on land, dogs at home.
Every animal has a place,
A habitat is its own space.”
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5. Lesson Conclusion (3 minutes)
Summarize: “A habitat is where an animal lives. Some animals live on land, some in water, some in the
air, and some with humans.”
Pupils chorus after the teacher.
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6. Evaluation (5 minutes)
Ask pupils:
1. What is a habitat?
2. Mention two animals that live in water.
3. Name two animals that live on land.
4. Where do birds live?
5. Give one reason why habitats are important to animals.
7. Assignment
Draw and color one animal in its habitat.
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Lesson Note – Social Studies / Basic Science
Class: Primary 2
Subject: Social Studies / Basic Science
Topic: Transportation and Its Impact on the Environment
Duration: 40 minutes
Reference Materials: Social Studies textbook for Primary 2, charts/pictures of vehicles, teacher’s notes
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1. Lesson Objectives
By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:
1. Explain the meaning of transportation.
2. Mention different means of transportation.
3. State the importance of transportation in daily life.
4. Describe some negative impacts of transportation on the environment.
5. Suggest simple ways to reduce the negative effects of transportation.
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2. Instructional Materials
Charts/pictures of cars, buses, bicycles, boats, airplanes, trains
Toy vehicles (if available)
Flash cards with “Land, Water, Air”
Drawing book and crayons
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3. Lesson Introduction (5 minutes)
Begin with a question: “How did you come to school today?” (walking, car, bus, bicycle).
Allow pupils to respond.
Tell them: “The way people and goods move from one place to another is called TRANSPORTATION.
Today, we are learning about transportation and how it affects the environment.”
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4. Lesson Presentation
(A) Meaning of Transportation (5 minutes)
Transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another.
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(B) Types of Transportation (10 minutes)
1. Land Transportation 🚗🚲🚆
Examples: cars, buses, lorries, bicycles, motorcycles, trains.
2. Water Transportation 🚤⛵
Examples: boats, canoes, ships, ferries.
3. Air Transportation ✈️
Examples: airplanes, helicopters.
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(C) Importance of Transportation (5 minutes)
Helps people travel quickly.
Moves goods from farm/factory to market.
Connects people from different places.
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(D) Impact of Transportation on the Environment (10 minutes)
Positive Impact:
Makes movement easy.
Brings development to towns and villages.
Negative Impact:
1. Air pollution – smoke from cars makes the air dirty.
2. Noise pollution – horns and engines make noise.
3. Accidents – careless driving can harm people.
4. Traffic jam – too many cars cause delay.
5. Damage to roads/water – oil spills or bad driving spoil the environment.
Ways to Reduce Negative Impact:
Use bicycles or walk for short journeys.
Plant trees to clean the air.
Keep vehicles in good condition.
Do not throw dirt on the road or water when traveling.
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(E) Class Activities (5 minutes)
Pupils group toy vehicles into land, water, and air.
Pupils imitate sounds of car, boat, and airplane.
Teacher leads rhyme:
“Cars and buses, boats and planes,
They take us through the sun and rain.
But smoke and noise pollute the air,
Let’s keep our earth clean and fair.”
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5. Lesson Conclusion (3 minutes)
Summarize: “Transportation means moving people and goods. We have land, water, and air transport.
Transport is useful but can also cause pollution and accidents. We must keep the environment safe.”
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6. Evaluation (5 minutes)
Ask pupils:
1. What is transportation?
2. Mention two types of transportation.
3. Give one importance of transportation.
4. What problem does smoke from cars cause?
5. Mention one way we can reduce the bad effects of transportation.
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7. Assignment
Draw and color one land transport and one water transport.
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