Programming
Language
We’re Here to
Help
What is Programming Language
A programming language is a formal
language comprising a set of instructions
that produce various kinds of output.
Programming languages are used in
computer programming to implement
algorithms.
A lgorithm In mathematics
and computer
science, an
s algorithm is
well-defined,
a finite seq
computer-imple
uence of
instructions, ty mentable
pically to solve
problems or t a class of
o perform a
Algorithms are computation.
always unambig
are used uous and
as s pe cifications
performing ca for
lculations, data
automated reas processing,
oning, and other
tasks.
Types of Programming
02
Procedural Programming
Object Oriented Programming
Procedural Programming
Procedural programming is a programming paradigm,
derived from structured programming, based on the
concept of the procedure call. Procedures, also known
as routines, subroutines, or functions, simply contain a
series of computational steps to be carried out
Object Oriented Programming
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a
programming paradigm based on the concept of
"objects", which can contain data and code: data in
the form of fields (often known as attributes or
properties), and code, in the form of procedures
(often known as methods).
20 Top Programming Languages
(2020)
Programmers, software engineers, web
developers, and more depend on coding
languages. Coding languages allow these
professionals to accurately instruct
computers and similar devices in how to
perform specific tasks.
1. Java Script (React.js and Node.js)
Usable for both back- and front-end programming,
JavaScript is also becoming widely used within the
Internet of Things. JavaScript is a core technology for
powering the World Wide Web. This is because its
effective in front- and back-end development, works
well with other languages, is extremely versatile, and is
updated annually.
Example Syntax for JavaScript
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<body>
<p>Before the script...</p>
<script>
alert( 'Hello, world!' );
</script>
<p>...After the script.</p>
</body>
</html>
2. Phyton
What can we say? It’s hard to have a list of top
programming languages without Python. Python is often
on programming language charts for good reason.
That’s because Python is powerful, yet simple to learn.
A high-level general programming language, Python is
usable across many applications and can be great for
beginners and professionals alike.
Example Syntax for Phyton
print(‘Hello World’)
3. HTML (Hypertext Markup
Language)
Another core technology of the World Wide Web
(and thus a popular programming language) is HTML.
HTML is used to define the content and structure
of web pages. In this capacity, it is commonly used
alongside another “programming language” called
CSS.
Example Syntax for HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Hello World</p>
</body>
</html>
4. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
CSS is not a programming language; it is a markup language.
But, alongside JavaScript and HTML, CSS is the third core
technology of the World Wide Web. Usually used with HTML,
CSS helps define the visual aesthetic of HTML elements.
Essentially, where HTML defines the page’s content, CSS
defines the page’s overall look and feel. Programmers who are
interested in web development would benefit from learning to
work with both CSS and HTML.
Example Syntax for CSS
p {
color: red;
text-align: center;
}
5. C++
A star among application, game, and
animation-software programmers, C++ offers the
speed and portability needed to be used across
devices and platforms, and it allows programmers the
ability to reuse code, for easier program
maintenance.
Example Syntax for C++
#include <iostream>
int main() {
std::cout << "Hello World!";
return 0;
}
6. TypeScript
Backed by Microsoft’s significant resources, TypeScript is
essentially JavaScript, but less confusing. It improves upon
JavaScript in a number of ways, such as by allowing
programmers to add static types (for easier error
identification). TypeScript adds improved functionality to
JavaScript, without reducing its effectiveness, making it a
great choice for new programmers.
Example Syntax for Typescript
let message: string = 'Hello World';
console.log(message);
7. Rust
Rust offers speed and security, without sacrificing
performance. Rust has valuable built-in documentation
and features helpful error messages (so you can more
easily find problems when something goes wrong). That
said, for beginners, Rust may be more difficult than
some of the other languages on this list.
Example Syntax for Rust
fn main() {
println!("Hello World!");
}
8. Scheme
An older language, Scheme is used by large,
established internet entities such as Reddit
and Google. Scheme’s format is easy to
learn and ideal for teaching functional
programming.
Example Syntax for Scheme
(define hello-world
(lambda ()
(begin
(write �Hello-World)
(newline)
(hello-world))))
9. Java
Java works exceptionally well in a number of use-cases
and has long been the preferred go-to language for
coding on Android. Java’s motto: Write once; run
anywhere references its cross-platform abilities. This
versatility, combined with the range of available
extensions, can make Java a powerful addition to the
programmer’s toolbox.
Example Syntax for Java
class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello, World!");
}
10. Kotlin
Kotlin is, first and foremost, a programming language
used in Android development (where it is officially
supported by Google and functions as an alternative
to Java). That said, Kotlin’s simplicity, conciseness, and
ease of maintenance make it a choice for
non-Android tasks, too.
Example Syntax for Kotlin
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
println("Hello World!")
}
11. c#
Another Java influenced programming language, C#
is an accessible, general-purpose language that is as
powerful as it is flexible. C# is designed specifically
for use with the Windows OS (sorry Mac users)
and is part of the .Net framework.
Example Syntax for C#
namespace HelloWorld
{
class Hello {
static void Main(string[] args)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
}
}
}
12. PERL
Originally designed for use in manipulating text
documents, Perl grew into a popular, widely used
programming language in the early 2000s. And while
the introduction of Python has effectively stolen
most of Perl’s thunder, this once-widely used language
still enjoys some popularity. Perl is open-source, clean,
and powerful.
Example Syntax for PERL
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
print("Hello, World!\n");
13. PHP
The code behind Facebook, Yahoo, and Wikipedia, PHP
has long held an important place in the coding world.
PHP is simple-to-use, integrates easily with other
languages, and is supported by all major operating
systems. PHP is also uniquely designed to operate
effectively with databases.
Example Syntax for PHP
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My first PHP page</h1>
<?php
echo "Hello World!";
?>
</body>
</html>
14. SCALA
Scala combines functional programming with
object-oriented programming, offering code
complexity alongside concise notation for better
coding and increased performance. Scala is also
accessible and can be fun to learn.
Example Syntax for SCALA
import Swift
print("Hello, World!")
15. SWIFT
Swift is fast, safe, and backed by one of the biggest
players in the tech world, but it’s probably not going to be
your first choice when it comes to general programming
and development. That’s because Swift was designed
specifically by Apple for use with macOS, watchOS, tvOS,
and iOS (sorry PC users). The good news is that Apple is
dedicated to supporting Swift and provides access to a
huge library of Swift coding resources.
Example Syntax for SWIFT
object Hello {
def main (args: Array [String ]) = {
println("Hello, world")
}
}
16. MATLAB
Taking a detour into the technical, MATLAB is the kind of
complex, high-performance language that you’d expect from a
group called “MathWorks.” MATLAB combines programming,
visualization, and computation, expressing problems and solutions
in mathematical notation. As you might also expect, this makes
MATLAB an ideal fit for areas such as modeling, simulation,
scientific graphics, algorithm development, and numerical
analysis.
Example Syntax for MATLAB
disp('Hello, World!');
17. SQL (Structured Query Language)
Programming languages are generally used to tell
computer systems what to do, but there are exceptions.
SQL is a query-based language that is mostly focused on
retrieving data from databases. This makes it effective
when used to generate reports and sift through massive
amounts of digital information. It’s just not as effective
for all-purpose coding.
Example Syntax for SQL
SELECT * FROM table_name;
18. R Programming Language
Speaking of data and databases, R Programming
Language was designed to help with statistical analysis
and relies on a vast catalog of statistical and graphical
methods. And while R Programming Language is most
often used in academic projects, it has also found a
place with larger companies as well (including Uber and
Google).
Example Syntax for R Programming
> # We can use the print() function
> print("Hello World!")
[1] "Hello World!"
> # Quotes can be suppressed in the output
> print("Hello World!", quote = FALSE)
[1] Hello World!
> # If there are more than 1 item, we can
concatenate using paste()
> print(paste("How","are","you?"))
[1] "How are you?"
19. Golang (Go)
Go (or Golang) is an open-source programming language
developed at Google. Flexible and capable of displaying
large amounts of information effectively, Go scales well
to larger systems. But, perhaps one of the coolest
things about Go is its concurrency; Go can execute
multiple processes at once, setting it apart as one of
the most efficient coding languages.
Example Syntax for Golang
package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
fmt.Println("hello world")
}
20. Ruby
If you’re a coding beginner looking for something simple,
yet effective, consider the object-oriented programming
language Ruby. Ruby (and by extension, the
cross-platform web application framework Ruby on
Rails) functions well with both front- and back-end
development and is used by new startups as well as
established brands.
Example Syntax for Ruby
puts "Hello, World!"
“Simplicity is t
he soul of
efficiency.”
-Austin Freeman
