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Syllabus
1. Introduction to Python Programming
Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and readability. It
supports multiple paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. This
section introduces the basics of Python syntax and structure.
Topics Covered:
Overview of Python and its applications
Installation and setup (Python, IDLE, Jupyter Notebook, VS Code)
Writing and executing Python scripts
Python syntax and indentation
Variables: Naming conventions, assignment, and usage
Data types: Integers, floats, strings, booleans, lists, tuples, sets, dictionaries
Tokens: Keywords, identifiers, literals, operators, and delimiters
Operators: Arithmetic, logical, comparison, assignment, bitwise, identity, membership
Type conversion: Implicit and explicit type casting
2. Control Structures
Control structures in Python help manage the flow of execution using conditionals and loops.
Selection Statements:
if statement: Executes a block of code if a condition is true
if-else statement: Provides an alternative execution path
if-elif-else statement: Handles multiple conditions
Nested if statements: Allows deeper conditional logic
Iterative Statements:
while loop: Repeats as long as a condition holds true
for loop: Iterates over sequences (lists, tuples, dictionaries, strings, ranges)
break statement: Exits a loop prematurely
continue statement: Skips the current iteration and proceeds to the next
pass statement: Placeholder for future code
else with loops: Executes when a loop terminates normally
3. Data Structures in Python
Python provides built-in data structures that help organize and manipulate data efficiently.
Lists:
Definition and characteristics (ordered, mutable, allows duplicates)
Creating and accessing lists
Common methods: append(), extend(), insert(), remove(), pop(), sort(), reverse(), count(),
index()
List slicing and comprehension
Tuples:
Definition and characteristics (ordered, immutable, allows duplicates)
Creating and accessing tuples
Tuple operations: Concatenation, repetition, unpacking
Sets:
Definition and characteristics (unordered, mutable, does not allow duplicates)
Creating and accessing sets
Set operations: Union, intersection, difference, symmetric difference
Common methods: add(), remove(), discard(), pop(), clear(), update()
Dictionaries:
Definition and characteristics (key-value pairs, unordered, mutable)
Creating and accessing dictionaries
Dictionary methods: get(), keys(), values(), items(), update(), pop(), clear()
Dictionary comprehension
4. Functions in Python
Functions allow modularity, reusability, and better organization of code.
Defining and Calling Functions:
Syntax and structure
Function arguments: Positional, keyword, default, variable-length (*args, **kwargs)
Return statements and multiple return values
Types of Variables in Functions:
Local variables: Exist only within the function
Global variables: Accessible throughout the program
nonlocal keyword: Modifies variables in the outer function scope
Special Function Types:
Lambda functions: Single-expression, anonymous functions
Recursive functions: Functions that call themselves for iterative processing
5. File Handling in Python
File handling enables reading and writing data to files.
Working with Files:
Opening and closing files using open() and close()
File modes: r (read), w (write), a (append), r+ (read and write)
Reading files: read(), readline(), readlines()
Writing files: write(), writelines()
Working with binary files
Using with open() for better file handling
Exception Handling in File Operations:
Handling file errors using try-except-finally
Checking file existence with os module
6. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Python
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a paradigm based on objects and classes, improving code
modularity and reusability.
Classes and Objects:
Defining classes using class keyword
Creating objects and accessing attributes
Instance methods and class methods
Constructors (__init__ Method):
Initializing object attributes upon instantiation
Default and parameterized constructors
Encapsulation and Abstraction:
Protecting data using private (__) and protected (_) members
Abstract classes and methods using ABC module
Inheritance and Polymorphism:
Single, multiple, multilevel, hierarchical, and hybrid inheritance
Method overriding and method resolution order (MRO)
Polymorphism through method overloading and operator overloading
Generators and Iterators:
Iterators: Objects that implement __iter__() and __next__()
Generators: Functions using yield to produce values lazily
7. Advanced Topics
Decorators: Modify function behavior without altering its code
List and Dictionary Comprehensions: Compact syntax for creating lists and dictionaries
Working with Modules and Packages: Importing built-in and custom modules, creating
Python packages
