Fictional Text
ENGLISH SUBJECT
By
Miss Reti Wahyuni
Fictional text is
Fictional text refers to any narrative that is created from
the imagination rather than based on real events. It
often includes made-up characters, settings, and plots.
Here are some common types of fictional text:
Types of Fictional text
•Novels: Longer works of fiction that delve deeply into characters and plots, often
exploring complex themes.
•Short Stories: Brief narratives that focus on a specific event or character, typically
with a concise plot and fewer characters than novels.
•Flash Fiction: Extremely short stories that often contain a twist or profound insight,
usually under 1,000 words.
•Novellas: Shorter than novels but longer than short stories, novellas explore a
single idea or character in depth.
•Poetry: While often focused on form and rhythm, poetic narratives can also tell
stories or convey emotions.
•Scripts: Written for theater, film, or television, these
texts include dialogue and stage directions.
•Graphic Novels and Comics: Stories told through a
combination of illustrations and text, often serialized.
•Fables and Myths: Traditional tales that often convey
moral lessons or explain natural phenomena.
•Fantasy: Fiction set in imaginary worlds with magical
elements.
•Science Fiction: Stories that explore futuristic
concepts, advanced technology, and often speculative
scenarios.
•Historical Fiction: Fictional stories set in a specific
historical period, blending factual history with
imaginative storytelling.
Fictional texts often employ various language features to enhance storytelling. Key
features include:
1. Imagery: Vivid descriptions that create mental pictures, appealing to the senses.
2. Dialogue: Conversations between characters that reveal personality and advance
the plot.
3. Figurative Language: Metaphors, similes, and personification add depth and
creativity.
4. Characterization: Techniques to develop characters through their actions,
thoughts, and dialogue.
5. Narrative Voice: The perspective from which the story is told, influencing tone
and mood.
6. Symbolism: Objects or events that represent larger concepts, adding layers of
meaning.
7. Foreshadowing: Hints about future events, building suspense.
8. Alliteration and Assonance: Repetition of sounds for rhythm and emphasis.
Types of Figurative Language
There are several types of figurative languages that are used in modern
writing.
1. Simile
A simile is a figure of speech that compares two unlike things and uses the words
“like” or “as” and they are commonly used in everyday communication.
A simile is used with the aim of sparking an interesting connection in the reader’s
mind.
An example of a simile is, “The cat sat in the chair like a king overlooking his
kingdom.” The cat’s sitting posture is compared to that of a king who relaxes in a
special chair that is reserved for him and not any other person in the kingdom.
Other examples of similes include:
The boy was as brave as a lion in the jungle.
.
The assistant was as busy as a bee when she was preparing the podium for the
presidential address.
The new teacher is as tall as a giraffe.
The new neighbor is as curious as a cat; nothing escapes her attention.
2. Metaphor
A metaphor is a statement that compares two things that are not alike. Unlike similes,
metaphors do not use the words “like” or “as.” Such statements only make sense when
the reader understands the connection between the two things being compared.
An example of a popular metaphor is “Time is money.” The statement compares time and
money, and it does not literally mean that the amount of time you have equals the
money that you have. Instead, it means that time is a valuable resource, and it should
be used effectively to earn money. Any time wasted means that a person loses the
chance to make more money.
Other examples of metaphors include:
The warrior has a heart of stone.
Love is a battlefield.
Baby, you are my sunshine.
Chaos is a friend of the legislator.
I am drowning in a sea of grief.
My roommate is going through a rollercoaster of emotions.
. Hyperbole
Hyperbole is an exaggeration that is created to emphasize a point or bring out a sense of
humor. It is often used in everyday conversations without the speaker noticing it. The
exaggeration is so outrageous that no one would believe that it is true. It is used to add
depth and color to a statement.
An example of hyperbole is, “I would die for you.” The sentence does not necessarily mean
that one person is literally willing to die for the other, but it used to exaggerate the
amount of love that one person has for another person. Death is only used to show the
extent of affection.
Other examples of hyperbole:
I have told you a million times to wash the dishes.
You are so slender that the wind can carry you away.
The afternoon is so bright that the sun would have to wear
sunglasses.
You snore like a freight train.
4. Personification
Personification is the attribution of human characteristics to non-living objects.
Using personification affects the way readers imagine things, and it sparks
an interest in the subject.
An example of personification is, “The sun greeted me when I woke up in the
morning.” The sun is a non-human object but has been given human
characteristics since greetings can only be performed by living creatures.
Other examples of personification include:
April is the cruelest month of the year.
The radio stared at me.
The car brakes screamed all through the journey.
The car stopped with a groaning complaint.
4. Personification
Personification is the attribution of human characteristics to non-living objects.
Using personification affects the way readers imagine things, and it sparks
an interest in the subject.
An example of personification is, “The sun greeted me when I woke up in the
morning.” The sun is a non-human object but has been given human
characteristics since greetings can only be performed by living creatures.
Other examples of personification include:
April is the cruelest month of the year.
The radio stared at me.
The car brakes screamed all through the journey.
The car stopped with a groaning complaint.
5. Synecdoche
Synecdoche is a type of figurative language that uses one part to refer to the whole, or the
whole to refer to the part. For example, a set of wheels can be used to refer to a vehicle
and a suit to refer to a businessman. When referring to a car as a set of wheels, the
wheels are only a part of the car and not the whole thing. Similarly, a typical
businessman wears a suit alongside other accessories such as a watch and a briefcase.
Other examples of synecdoche include:
Bread can be used to refer to food in general or money.
Head can refer to counting cattle or people.
Hired hands can be used to refer to workers.
How to Analyze Fictional Text
1. Summary
2. Context (Historical/Cultural/Social/Political/Religious Context)
3. Setting
4. Plot (Main Problem (Conflict), Climax,
Resolution)
5. Characters
6. Literary Devices (Hyperbole, personification, Symbolism, Analogy,
7. Alliteration, Imagery, Foreshadowing, Irony etc)
8. Themes
9. Simple past tense & Past Continuous (Examples)
THANK YOU
LET’S WRITE A
FICTIONAL TEXT☺
STEPS HOW TO START
•Find Inspiration: Think about what excites you—books, movies, dreams, or
even personal experiences. Jot down ideas that resonate.
•Develop Your Idea: Choose a theme, genre, or premise. Consider
questions like: What if...? or How would someone react to...?
•Create Characters: Develop characters with distinct traits, backgrounds,
and motivations. Think about how they will interact and grow throughout your
story.
•Outline Your Plot: Sketch a basic structure. Identify the beginning (setup),
middle (conflict), and end (resolution). This can be flexible; outlines can
evolve as you write.
STEPS HOW TO START…
•Set the Scene: Think about your setting. Where and when does your story take
place? This can influence the mood and events.
•Start Writing: Don’t worry about perfection. Just get your ideas down. You can
always revise later.
•Show, Don’t Tell: Use descriptive language to create vivid imagery and
emotions. Instead of saying a character is sad, show their actions or thoughts.
•Get Feedback: Share your work with friends or writing groups. Constructive
criticism can help you improve.
•Revise and Edit: Revisit your text after some time. Look for areas to enhance
clarity, pacing, and character development.
•Keep Practicing: Write regularly, experiment with different styles, and don’t be
afraid to explore new ideas.
Example 1: Short Story Outline EXAMPLE OF OUTLINE
Title: "The Last Train"
Genre: Mystery
Outline:
1. Introduction
1. Introduce the protagonist, Sarah, a late-night commuter.
2. Set the scene at a deserted train station.
2. Inciting Incident
1. Sarah boards the last train and notices a mysterious stranger.
3. Rising Action
1. Strange occurrences happen on the train (lights flicker, odd noises).
2. Sarah overhears a cryptic conversation between the stranger and another passenger.
4. Climax
1. The train suddenly stops in an isolated area.
2. Sarah confronts the stranger, revealing his true intentions.
5. Falling Action
1. Tension rises as they try to escape the train.
2. Other passengers become involved in the conflict.
6. Conclusion
1. The train resumes, but the experience leaves Sarah changed.
2. A final twist reveals the stranger’s identity.
SCIENCE
FICTION
HISTORICAL FICTION
. GRAPHIC NOVEL
AND COMIC
.
FIND OUT MORE
EXAMPLES OF POPULAR
FICTIONAL TEXT
AROUND YOU
. .
. .
GROUP PROJECT
CHOOSE ONE OF FICTIONAL TEXT (NOVEL, SHORT
STORY, COMIC ETC.) AND ANALYZE WITH YOOUR
GROUP
MAKE A FICTIONAL TEXT ACCORDING TO THE
TOPIC THAT YOU HAVE
