Multi-Functional Smart Helmet Empowering safety

Project ID:

Project Advisor: Dr. Allah Ditta

(Assistant Professor)

Submitted By

Areeba Hameed BSF2100937

University of Education, Lahore

Multi-Functional Smart Helmet

Multi-Functional Smart Helmet Empowering Safety

BS Information Technology 2021-2025

A project submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the

award of the degree of BS Information Technology

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCES

DIVISION OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
LAHORE
Dec, 2024

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@Copyright University of Education, 2024

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“I hereby declare that I have read this project documentation and in my opinion this project
is sufficient in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of BS in Information
Technology.”

Project Primary Supervisor Project Examiner

Name: Dr. Allah Ditta Name: ___________

Designation: Assistant Professor Designation: _______________

University of Education. University: _________________

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DECLARATION
We declare that this project title entitled “Multi-Functional Smart Helmet” is the
result of our own research and development except as cited in the references. This
project has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in
candidate for any other degree. At any time if our statement is found to be incorrect
even afterwards of BS Information Technology, the university has the right to
withdraw our BS Information Technology degree.

Signature:
Name: Areeba Hameed
Date:

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PLAGIARISM UNDERTAKEN
We solemnly declare that project work presented in this documentation entitles
“Multi-Functional Smart Helmet” is solely our work with no significant
contribution from any other person. Small contribution/help wherever taken has been
acknowledged and that complete project has been written by us.

We understand that zero tolerance policy of the HEC and University of Education,
Lahore towards plagiarism. Therefore, we as an author of the above titled project
declare that no portion of our project documentation and any material used as
reference is properly referred/ cited.

We undertake that of we found guilty of any formal plagiarism in the above titled
project even after award of BS Information Technology degree, the University reserve
the rights to withdraw/revoke our BS Information Technology degree and that HEC
and the University has the right to publish our names on the HEC/University Website
on which names of students are place who submitted plagiarized projects.

Signature:
Name: Areeba Hameed
Date:

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We truly acknowledge the cooperation and help made by Dr.Allah Ditta, Assistant
Professor, and Department of Information Sciences. He has been a constant source
of guidance throughout this project. We would also like to thank Dr. Akram
Mujahid, Assistant Professor, and Department of Information Sciences for his
help and guidance throughout this project. We are also thankful to our friends and
families whose silent support led us to complete our project.

Date:
Dec 06th, 2024

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ABSTRACT

Accidents involving motorcycles and bicycles are becoming common on roads worldwide and result in million
injuries and death every year. Distractions, bad road condition, and insufficient safety put this number on the
alarming side. This project aims at addressing this situation by developing a smart helmet device that can be
mounted on an existing helmet and converted into a smart helmet. Unlike smart helmets this could be fitted on
any helmet. The user’s existing helmet is hooked onto the helmet, which uses state-of-the-art technology to
make riding safer and smarter. Real-time accident alert units will make use of sophisticated sensors to
recognize intense impacts, abrupt turns or unexpected moves that may suggest an accident. This system that
notifies in real-time lets emergency services respond quickly, saving lives. The mountable device could be
further improved with precise GPS navigation projected directly into the rider’s field of vision, diverting
attention. Riders will remain connected without taking their focus off the road thanks to hands-free
communication. Everything can be connected through a mobile phone application to make it easy to manage
your settings and get the information you need

By offering a universal solution, this project fosters increased accessibility and affordability. The mountable
device empowers riders to leverage smart helmet technology regardless of their existing helmet model. This,
combined with the focus on real-time accident alerts, has the xii potential to significantly mitigate the risks
associated with motorcycle and bicycle accidents on a global scale. Beyond safety improvements, the device
also aims to enhance the overall riding experience through increased connectivity and access to real-time
information. Ultimately, this endeavor represents a significant step towards creating a safer and more
connected environment for bike riders

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List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Life cycle of Agile Methodology.................................................................7
Figure 3 1: Use-case diagram of Accident detection....................................................17
Figure 3 2: Use-case diagram of Navigation assistant.................................................19
Figure 3 3: Use-case diagram of Health Monitoring....................................................21
Figure 3 4: Use-case diagram of Live Navigation........................................................23
Figure 3 5: Use-case diagram of Battery status............................................................25
Figure 3 6: Use-case diagram of whole project............................................................38
Figure 4 1: Sequence Diagram of Whole Project.........................................................46
Figure 4 2: Entity-Relationship Diagram of Whole.....................................................48
Figure 4 3: Level 0 of data flow diagram.....................................................................49
Figure 4 4: Level 1 of data flow diagram.....................................................................49
Figure 4 5: Architecture Diagram of Whole Project....................................................50

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List of Tables

Table 2.1: Domain Requirements.................................................................................10

Table 2.2: Stake Holder Characteristics ......................................................................11
Table 2.3: Functional requirements..............................................................................12
Table 2.4: Non-Functional requirements......................................................................13

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Contents
Multi-Functional Smart Helmet.............................................................................i

© Copyright ,2024...................................................................................................ii

DECLARATION...................................................................................................iv

PLAGIARISM UNDERTAKEN...........................................................................v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.....................................................................................vi

ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................vii

List of Figures......................................................................................................viii

List of Tables...........................................................................................................x

CHAPTER 1............................................................................................................1

Gathering & Analyzing Information....................................................................1

1.1 Introduction:.................................................................................................2

1.2 Problem statement:..........................................................................................2

1.2 Goal and objectives:.....................................................................................3

1.3.1 Goals:.............................................................................................................3
1.3.2 Objectives:.....................................................................................................3
1.4 Research Questions:........................................................................................3
1.5 Methodology:..................................................................................................4

1.5.1 Available methodology:.................................................................................4

1.5.2 Chosen methodology:....................................................................................5
1.5.3 Reasons for chosen methodology..................................................................8
1.6 ABBREVIATIONS AND NOMENCLATURES...........................................8

CHAPTER NO.2:...................................................................................................9

Software Requirement Specification.....................................................................9

2.1 Stake holder characteristics:..........................................................................10

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2.2 Domain characteristics:.................................................................................11

2.3 Functional Requirements...............................................................................12

2.4 Non-Functional Requirements.......................................................................14

CHAPTER NO.3:.................................................................................................15

Analysis..................................................................................................................15

3.1 Use-Case Accident Navigation......................................................................16

3.2 Use-Case Navigation Assistant.....................................................................18

3.3 Use-Case Health Monitoring.........................................................................20

3.4 Use-Case Live Navigation.............................................................................22

3.5 Use-Case Battery status.................................................................................28

3.6 Use-Case High Level.....................................................................................38

CHAPTER NO.4:.................................................................................................39

Design.....................................................................................................................39

4.1 High Level Sequence Diagram:.......................................................................46

4.2 Class Diagram:................................................................................................47

4.3 Entity-Relationship Diagram...........................................................................48

4.4 Data Flow Diagram:........................................................................................49

4.4.1 Level 0 DFD................................................................................................49

4.4.2 Level 1 DFD................................................................................................49
4.5 Architecture Diagram.................................................................................50

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CHAPTER 1
Gathering & Analyzing Information

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1.1 Introduction:

In today's fast-paced world, where technological advancements shape our daily lives,
ensuring the safety and connectivity of bike riders, particularly motorcyclists and cyclists,
has become increasingly imperative. With millions of annual accidents occurring globally
due to a myriad of distractions and factors such as road conditions, weather, and human
error, there exists a pressing need for innovative solutions to address this critical issue. The
problem at hand is the alarming rate of motorcycle and bicycle accidents, which pose
significant risks to the safety of riders worldwide. Reputable sources such as the World
Health Organization (WHO) report approximately 1.35 million fatalities from road traffic
accidents annually, with a significant portion involving bike riders. These accidents occur
due to various factors, including distractions, road conditions, weather, and human error.
The issue of motorcycle and bicycle accidents is of utmost importance due to its far-
reaching impact on public safety, individual well-being, and societal costs. Beyond
physical injuries, these accidents result in financial losses, emotional trauma, and burden
healthcare systems. The stakeholders involved in this situation include bike riders,
motorcyclists, cyclists, their families, healthcare providers, policymakers, and relevant
industries such as helmet manufacturers and technology companies. The problem of
motorcycle and bicycle accidents has been ongoing for many years, with millions of annual
accidents occurring worldwide. The urgency to address this issue has only heightened in
recent times with the increasing number of riders and advancements in technology.
Motorcycle and bicycle accidents occur in various locations worldwide, including urban
areas, highways, and rural roads. The problem is not confined to a specific region but is a
global concern affecting riders across different countries and environments.

1.2 Problem statement:

Motorcycle and bicycle accidents represent a persistent and pressing safety issue on a
global scale. Despite ongoing efforts to improve road safety measures, the need for
innovative solutions to mitigate the risks associated with these accidents remains
paramount. Considering this, there is a critical demand for the development of advanced
smart helmet technologies that not only prioritize rider safety but also seamlessly integrate
connectivity features to address the evolving needs of modern riders. Traditional helmets,
while serving as essential protective gear, often lack the integrated functionalities required
to effectively tackle the multifaceted challenges of motorcycle and bicycle accidents.
These challenges encompass a range of factors, including impaired visibility, distracted
riding behaviors, and inadequate emergency response mechanisms.

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1.2 Goal and objectives:

1.3.1 Goals:

The goal of your project is to design and implement a smart helmet that enhances rider safety,
convenience, and connectivity. This system will integrate accident detection, health monitoring,
GPS navigation, live communication, and voice control, offering riders real-time emergency
assistance and health tracking. The helmet will provide accurate navigation and allow for hands-free
communication, making it easier for riders to stay connected while ensuring their safety.
Additionally, it will be designed for easy integration with smart devices to enhance user experience
and provide data collection capabilities.

.
1.3.2 Objectives:

The objectives of the maid reservation app are to:

1. Accident Detection: Automatically detects accidents and alerts emergency services for
quick response.
2. Health Monitoring: Tracks vital signs such as heart rate and body temperature for rider
safety.
3. GPS Navigation: Provides turn-by-turn directions to help riders navigate safely.
4. Live Communication: Enables hands-free communication through Bluetooth.
5. Voice Control: Allows riders to use voice commands for hands-free control of the helmet
features.
6. Emergency Alerts: Notifies emergency contacts in case of an accident.
7. User Comfort: Ensures the helmet is lightweight and comfortable for long rides.
8. Smart Device Integration: Syncs with smartphones and wear ables for enhanced
functionality.

1.4 Research Questions:

1.4.1 How does accident detection work in smart helmets?

Smart helmets use sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes to detect sudden
impacts or abnormal motion, triggering an emergency alert.

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1.4.2 What health parameters can be monitored by smart helmets?

Smart helmets can monitor heart rate, body temperature, and even oxygen levels,
ensuring the rider's well-being.

1.4.3 How does GPS navigation in smart helmets improve rider safety?

GPS navigation provides turn-by-turn directions, reducing distractions and helping

riders stay focused on the road.

1.4.4 What communication features do smart helmets offer?

Smart helmets offer Bluetooth connectivity for hands-free communication, allowing

riders to make calls or interact with others without using their hands.

1.4.5 How does voice control enhance the usability of smart helmets?

Voice control enables riders to activate features like navigation, communication,

or emergency alerts without needing to remove their hands from the handlebars.

1.5 Methodology:

1.5.1 Available methodology:

There are several methodologies for software development, each with its own set of
strengths and weaknesses. Here are some of the most widely recognized ones:

Waterfall methodology: The Waterfall approach is a conventional and sequential

method for software development. It progresses through specific stages such as

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Requirements collection, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and
maintenance, with each phase needing completion before moving to the next.
Waterfall is optimal for projects with well-established requirements and a predictable
scope.

Agile methodology: Agile is a dynamic and iterative approach to software

development. It divides the project into smaller, manageable units called sprints. Each
sprint involves planning, design, coding, testing, and review. Agile is ideal for
projects where requirements are likely to change or evolve over time.

Scrum methodology: Scrum, a specific type of Agile, emphasizes collaboration,

communication, and accountability. It uses brief, iterative work cycles called sprints,
daily meetings, and regular reviews and retrospectives. Scrum is particularly effective
for projects handled by small, cross-functional teams in complex environments.

Kanban methodology: Another Agile variant, Kanban focuses on visualizing the

workflow and managing ongoing work. It uses a Kanban board to track tasks and
limit work in progress. Kanban suits projects with a continuous flow of tasks and an
emphasis on improving efficiency and reducing bottlenecks.

Lean methodology: Lean focuses on eliminating waste and maximizing value for the
customer. It relies on continuous improvement and feedback loops to identify and
remove non-value-added activities. Lean is ideal for projects that prioritize
operational efficiency and customer satisfaction.

DevOps methodology: DevOps aims to enhance collaboration between development

and operations teams to deliver software more quickly and reliably. It incorporates
practices like automation, continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous
deployment. DevOps is suitable for projects that demand high speed and quality.

Selecting the appropriate methodology depends on the project's specific requirements,

team size, and organizational culture. Each methodology has its own benefits and
drawbacks, so it's crucial to choose one that aligns with the project's unique needs and
goals.

1.5.2 Chosen methodology:

The chosen methodology is Agile. Agile is a repetitive and incremental strategy. It

involves ongoing planning, requirement gathering, updates, upgrades, team
collaboration, project development, and finally delivering the project to the client.
Changes can be made at any stage of the project development. On the other hand,
models like Waterfall, Extreme Programming, Incremental, Decremental, Spiral, or
RAD are different. The Waterfall model is linear and highly structured, requiring
steps to be followed in order: requirements gathering, analysis, SRS documentation,

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planning, design, coding, and testing. The Waterfall model is rigid and does not
accommodate changes in requirements once development has begun. Communication
with the customer is limited, typically occurring only during requirement gathering
and project handover.

Phases:
1. Requirement gathering and analysis
2. Design the requirements
3. Development
4. Testing
5. Deployment
6. Feedback

Requirements gathering and analysis:

In this phase, you must define the requirements. You should explain business
opportunities and plan the time and effort needed to build the project. Based on this
information, you can evaluate technical and economic feasibility.
Design the requirements:

When you have identified the project, work with stakeholders to define requirements.
You can use the user flow diagram or the high-level UML diagram to show the work
of new features and show how it will apply to your existing system.

Development: When the team defines the requirements, the work begins. The
designers and developers start working on their project. The aims of designers and
developers deploy the working product within the estimated time. The product will go
into various stages of improvement, so it includes simple, minimal functionality.

Testing: In this phase, the Quality Assurance team examine the product's
performance and look for the bug.

Deployment: In this phase, the team issues a product for the user's work environment.

Feedback: After releasing of the product, the last step is to feedback it. In this step,
the team receives feedback about the product and works through the feedback.

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Figure 1.1: Life cycle of Agile Methodology

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1.5.3 Reasons for chosen methodology

a. Short and Transparent Iterations Project is divided into short and

transparent iterations, allowing for continuous progress tracking and
timely adjustments.
b. Flexible Change Process Agile SDLC has a flexible change process,
enabling teams to adapt to new requirements and feedback quickly.
c. Risk Minimization It minimizes the risk of software development by
addressing issues early and frequently through iterative testing and
feedback loops.
d. Quick Release Quick release of the first product version allows for early
user feedback and market adaptation.
e. Correct Functional Requirements The correctness of functional
requirements is ensured as they are continuously validated and
incorporated into the development process.
f. Customer Satisfaction Customers can see the result regularly and
understand whether they are satisfied with it or not, fostering better
alignment with their needs and expectations.

1.6 ABBREVIATIONS AND NOMENCLATURES

● SDG – Sustainable Development Goals

● World Health Organization (WHO)
● Internet of Things (IoT)
● Artificial Intelligence (AI)
● Massachusetts Institute of Technology App Inventor 2 (MIT AI 2)

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CHAPTER NO.2:
Software Requirement Specification

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2.1 Stake holder characteristics:
Stakeholder Roles characteristics
User Primary users of the helmet, Safety, comfort, ease of use,
providing feedback and testing real-time notifications, long
battery life
Manufacturers Design, produce, and assemble Efficient production, quality
the smart helmet control, cost-effectiveness
Emergency service Respond to alerts in case of Timely notifications, accurate
accidents or emergencies location data, quick response
time

Table 2.1: Stake Holder Characteristics

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2.2 Domain characteristics:
Domain Requirement Description Importance
Safety Features Integration of fall detection, Critical to protect the rider and
accident alerts, and emergency provide immediate assistance.
notifications.
Health Monitoring Monitoring of rider’s health Ensures rider’s well-being
metrics (e.g., heart rate, during rides, especially for long
temperature). distances
Connectivity Bluetooth and GPS for real-time Essential for location tracking
communication with and sending alerts.
smartphones and emergency
services.
User Interface Easy-to-use interface for Enhances user experience and
interaction with features (e.g., ensures accessibility while
voice commands, app riding.
integration).

Table 2.2: Domain Characteristics

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2.3 Functional Requirements

Table 2.3: Functional Requirements

Functional Requirement Description Priority

Fall Detection The helmet must detect sudden High

impacts or falls and alert the rider
and emergency services.
Emergency Alert System
The helmet should send automatic High
alerts with the rider's location to
emergency contacts/services in case
of an accident
Health Monitoring
The helmet should monitor vital medium
signs like heart rate and body
temperature and alert the rider if
abnormalities are detected.
Navigation Assistance
Provide turn-by-turn navigation to Medium
the rider using visual or auditory
signals, linked to the rider’s
smartphone or GPS system.
Bluetooth Connectivity
The helmet must have Bluetooth High
capability for seamless
communication with the rider’s
smartphone, headphones, or vehicle
system.

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2.4 Non-Functional Requirements

Table 2.4w: Non-Functional requirements

NO. Requirements Description
NFR1 Authentication • The app will be secured so that the confidential
information can be secured (using authentication like if
there is any robot using or person).
NFR2 Availability • The app will be available 24 X 7

NFR3 Maintainability • The app will be maintained in order not to get

confused about any irregularities.
NFR4 Usage • This app will work properly on any phone having
Internet access.
• This app will have the resource utilization like
specific information etc.
NFR5 Performance • Fast loading of data.
• Work smooth.
• Use minimal resources to increase load time.

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CHAPTER NO.3:
Analysis

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1. Case Name: Connect to Smartphone

Actor: Rider (User)

Description: Rider connects the smart helmet to their smartphone via Bluetooth.

Pre-Conditions:

Rider has a smartphone with Bluetooth enabled.

Helmet is powered on and ready to connect.

Flow of Events:

Basic Flow:

1. Rider turns on the helmet.

2. Helmet attempts to connect to the smartphone via Bluetooth.

3. Rider confirms the connection on the smartphone.

4. The helmet and smartphone are successfully paired.

5. Rider can use features like calls, music, and notifications.

Alternate Flow:

1. If the connection fails, the helmet gives a prompt to retry.

Post-Conditions:

Helmet and smartphone are successfully paired.

Rider can use Bluetooth features (calls, music, and navigation).

.

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Figure 3 1: Use-case diagram of connect smart phone

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2. Case Name: Accident Detection

Actor: Helmet System

Description: Helmet detects an impact (e.g., fall or crash) and automatically sends an alert to
emergency services with location details.

Pre-Conditions:
 Helmet is powered on.
 Helmet has functional sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope).

Flow of Events:
Basic Flow:
1. Helmet detects an abnormal impact or fall using its sensors.
2. The helmet processes the data and confirms it is a crash/fall.
3. The helmet sends the location to emergency contacts (e.g., 112 or pre-configured contacts).
4. Rider or emergency services receive the alert.

Alternate Flow:

1. If no fall or impact is detected, the helmet continues normal operations.

Post-Conditions:

Emergency contacts receive an alert with the rider's location.

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Figure 3 2: Use-case diagram of Accident Detection

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3. Case Name: GPS Navigation

Actor: Rider

Description: Rider uses the helmet for real-time GPS navigation.

Pre-Conditions:

Smartphone must be connected to the helmet via Bluetooth.

GPS should be enabled on the smartphone.

Flow of Events:

Basic Flow:

1. Rider activates the GPS feature by voice command or through the smartphone.

2. Helmet receives the GPS navigation instructions.

3. Rider receives real-time voice navigation through the helmet or display.

Alternate Flow:

1. If GPS signal is weak, the helmet informs the rider about the issue.

Figure 3 3: Use-case diagram of GPS

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4 Case Name: Voice Command Control

Actor: Rider
Description: Rider controls the helmet’s features using voice commands.

Pre-Conditions:

 Helmet must have voice recognition capability enabled.

 Rider should speak clearly for voice recognition.

Flow of Events:
Basic Flow:

1. Rider issues a voice command (e.g., “Call emergency” or “Play music”).

2. The helmet processes the voice command
3. The requested action is performed (call emergency, play music, etc.).

Alternate Flow:
1. If the voice command is unclear, the helmet asks the rider to repeat the command.

Figure 3 4: Use-case diagram of Voice Control

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5 Case Name: Monitor Health Stats

Actor: Helmet System

Description: The helmet monitors the rider's health metrics (e.g., heart rate, body temperature)
And notifies if any abnormal values are detected.

Pre-Conditions:

 Helmet must have built-in health sensors.

 Rider should be wearing the helmet during use.

Flow of Events:
Basic Flow:

1. Helmet continuously monitors health metrics (heart rate, temperature).

2. If abnormal stats are detected (e.g., high heart rate), helmet alerts the rider.

3. Helmet sends a health warning to the rider's smartphone if necessary.

Alternate Flow:

1. If health metrics are normal, no action is required.

Post-Conditions:

Rider is notified of any health irregularities.

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Figure 3 5: Use-case diagram of Health Monitoring

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3.1 Use-Case High Level:

Figure 3 12: Use-case diagram of whole project

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CHAPTER NO.4:
Design

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4.1 Sequence Diagrams

Figure 4 1: Sequence Diagram for Connecting to Phone

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Figure 4 2: Sequence Diagram for Accident Detection

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Figure 4 3: Sequence diagram for GPS Navigation

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Figure 4 4: Sequence Diagram of Voice Commands

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Figure 4 5: Sequence Diagram of Health monitoring

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4.2 High Level Sequence Diagram:

Figure 4 6: Sequence Diagram of Whole Project

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4.3 Class Diagram:

Figure 4.6: Class Diagram

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4.4 Entity-Relationship Diagram

Figure 4 9: Entity-Relationship Diagram of Whole

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4.5 Data Flow Diagram:

4.5.1 Level 0 DFD

Figure 4.1: Level 0 of data flow diagram

4.5.2 Level 1 DFD

Figure 4 11: Level 1 of data flow diagram

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4.6 Architecture Diagram

An architecture diagram is a visual representation of a system's components and their

interactions. It illustrates how various parts of a system, such as hardware, software,
networks, and data, are structured and connected. These diagrams help in
understanding the design, organization, and functionality of the system, providing a
clear overview of its architecture. They are commonly used in software engineering,
network design, and enterprise architecture to communicate complex structures and
workflows in a simplified manner.

Figure 4 12: Architecture Diagram of Whole Project

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