IELTS Band 6.

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Lesson 19 - True / False / Not given
● Students will be able to practice True / False / Not given questions.
A. Getting started
Read the sentence and answer questions 1 - 3.
The Wifi code is Dublin.
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
Write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.
1. London is the Wifi code. ……….
2. The Wifi code has the letter ‘b’ in it. .………
3. Dublin is the capital of the Republic of Ireland. ……….
B. Exam strategy
I. Survey the text in 20 seconds and answer the questions related to the structure and
content of the text.
Chronobiology - How time affects your body

1. Chronobiology might sound a little futuristic – like something from a science fiction novel,
perhaps – but it’s actually a field of study that concerns one of the oldest processes life on this
planet has ever known: short-term rhythms of time and their effect on flora and fauna.
2. This can take many forms. Marine life, for example, is influenced by tidal patterns. Animals
tend to be active or inactive depending on the position of the sun or moon. Numerous creatures,
humans included, are largely diurnal – that is, they like to come out during the hours of sunlight.
Nocturnal animals, such as bats and possums, prefer to forage by night. A third group are known
as crepuscular: they thrive in the lowlight of dawn and dusk and remain inactive at other hours.

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3. When it comes to humans, chronobiologists are interested in what is known as the circadian
rhythm. This is the complete cycle our bodies are naturally geared to undergo within the passage
of a twenty-four hour day. Aside from sleeping at night and waking during the day, each cycle
involves many other factors such as changes in blood pressure and body temperature. Not
everyone has an identical circadian rhythm. ‘Night people’, for example, often describe how they
find it very hard to operate during the morning, but become alert and focused by evening. This is
a benign variation within circadian rhythms known as a chronotype.
4. Scientists have limited abilities to create durable modifications of chronobiological demands.
Recent therapeutic developments for humans such as artificial light machines and melatonin
administration can reset our circadian rhythms, for example, but our bodies can tell the
difference and health suffers when we breach these natural rhythms for extended periods of time.
Plants appear no more malleable in this respect; studies demonstrate that vegetables grown in
season and ripened on the tree are far higher in essential nutrients than those grown in
greenhouses and ripened by laser.
5. Knowledge of chronobiological patterns can have many pragmatic implications for our day-to-
day lives. While contemporary living can sometimes appear to subjugate biology – after all, who
needs circadian rhythms when we have caffeine pills, energy drinks, shift work and cities that
never sleep? – keeping in sync with our body clock is important.
6. The average urban resident, for example, rouses at the eye-blearing time of 6.04 a.m., which
researchers believe to be far too early. One study found that even rising at 7.00 a.m. has
deleterious effects on health unless exercise is performed for 30 minutes afterwards. The
optimum moment has been whittled down to 7.22 a.m.; muscle aches, headaches and moodiness
were reported to be lowest by participants in the study who awoke then.
7. Once you’re up and ready to go, what then? If you’re trying to shed some extra pounds,
dieticians are adamant: never skip breakfast. This disorients your circadian rhythm and puts your
body in starvation mode. The recommended course of action is to follow an intense workout with
a carbohydrate-rich breakfast; the other way round and weight loss results are not as pronounced.
8. Morning is also great for breaking out the vitamins. Supplement absorption by the body is not
temporal-dependent, but naturopath Pam Stone notes that the extra boost at breakfast helps us get
energised for the day ahead. For improved absorption, Stone suggests pairing supplements with a
food in which they are soluble and steering clear of caffeinated beverages. Finally, Stone warns

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to take care with storage; high potency is best for absorption, and warmth and humidity are
known to deplete the potency of a supplement.
9. After-dinner espressos are becoming more of a tradition – we have the Italians to thank for
that – but to prepare for a good night’s sleep we are better off putting the brakes on caffeine
consumption as early as 3 p.m. With a seven hour half-life, a cup of coffee containing 90 mg of
caffeine taken at this hour could still leave 45 mg of caffeine in your nervous system at ten
o’clock that evening. It is essential that, by the time you are ready to sleep, your body is rid of all
traces.
10. Evenings are important for winding down before sleep; however, dietician Geraldine
Georgeou warns that an after-five carbohydrate-fast is more cultural myth than chronobiological
demand. This will deprive your body of vital energy needs. Overloading your gut could lead to
indigestion, though. Our digestive tracts do not shut down for the night entirely, but their work
slows to a crawl as our bodies prepare for sleep. Consuming a modest snack should be entirely
sufficient.
II. Skim the text. You have 3 minutes. Underline the topic sentences and the final sentences
in each paragraph.
III. Work in pairs. Only looking at the topic and final sentences, decide in which paragraph
you would look for answers on questions about the following:
circadian rhythm Paragraph …………………
types of chronobiology Paragraph …………………
practical implications of chronobiology Paragraph …………………
definition of chronobiology Paragraph …………………
growing vegetables Paragraph …………………
coffee consumption Paragraph …………………
IV. Identify the keywords in each statement and turn them into Yes/No questions.
1. Chronobiology is the study of how living things have evolved over time.
=> Q: Is chronobiology the study of how living things have evolved over time?
2. The rise and fall of sea levels affect how sea creatures behave.
=> Q: …………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Most animals are active during the daytime.
=> Q: …………………………………………………………………………………………

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4. Circadian rhythms identify how we do different things on different days.
=> Q: …………………………………………………………………………………………
5. A ‘night person’ can still have a healthy circadian rhythm.
=> Q: …………………………………………………………………………………………
6. New therapies can permanently change circadian rhythms without causing harm.
=> Q: …………………………………………………………………………………………
7. Naturally-produced vegetables have more nutritional value.
=> Q: …………………………………………………………………………………………
V. Put the following into the correct order to give you a strategy for dealing with T/F/NG
questions.
a. Closely read around those words to locate the piece of information that will help you decide
whether the answer is TRUE, FALSE, or NOT GIVEN.
b. Based on your skimming, identify which paragraph/parts of the text are relevant to the
question.
c. Read the statements and underline/highlight key words.
d. Turn the statements into Yes/No questions.
e. Scan the relevant paragraph/parts of the text and identify the key words or synonyms from the
questions.
f. Think of synonyms of the key words or other ways they may be expressed.
g. Based on the answer to the Yes/No question, check the instructions and write down your final
answer (for T/F/NG questions, Yes = TRUE, No = FALSE and NOT GIVEN = NOT GIVEN).
……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ……… ………
VI. Use the strategy to answer questions 1-7.
Questions 1–7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
In boxes 1-7 of your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.
Example:
1. Chronobiology is the study of how living things have evolved over time. False

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2. The rise and fall of sea levels affect how sea creatures behave. ………
3. Most animals are active during the daytime. ………
4. Circadian rhythms identify how we do different things on different days. ………
5. A ‘night person’ can still have a healthy circadian rhythm. ………
6. New therapies can permanently change circadian rhythms without causing harm. ………
7. Naturally-produced vegetables have more nutritional value. ………
C. Practice
I. Complete the following task.
Technology provides opportunities for people to conduct crime in different ways
The development of digital technology has changed the foundation of our society. On one hand,
cyberspace is a place of freedom, creativity and growth. On the other hand, people are using this
space for their criminal activities. Cybercrime refers to any crime that involves a computer and a
network. This technology has provided opportunities for criminals to conduct new crimes and to
commit physical crime, like theft, in different ways. These criminals commit these crimes with
access to countless victims, often anonymously and from anywhere in the world. In 2011 in the
USA, there were approximately 5,600 bank robberies worth US$43 million whereas the cost of
cybercrime for banks was approximately US$1.1 billion. The cybercrime affected a much larger
number of people too.
The mode of committing crime has changed and forensic evidence is changing too. In the past, a
thief had to break into an office or study and go through files to steal data and in doing this they
usually left behind a clear trail of evidence. Officers used that information to identify, find and
arrest the suspect. Today, the thief can simply hack into computer files in cyberspace. They do
not always leave evidence that could lead to their capture, which means detectives are less likely
to catch them. In fact, just one cyber criminal goes to prison for every 50,000 victims, whereas
one physical bank robber will be jailed for every five victims.
Another key aspect of cybercrime is its ability to reach far and wide, with police and web users
struggling to deal with this adequately. As people become more interconnected, organised crime
is also becoming more interconnected and more internationally active. Many organised crime
groups have direct links with organisations in other countries to conduct their operations. With
the internet and mobile technology, the rate of return on investment is high and the risk is low.
So the organisations take advantage of poorly regulated spaces and advanced logistics to move

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almost anonymously and make considerable amounts of money. Even with the best efforts,
police are finding it difficult to keep up, given the resources they have. And while people in the
physical world tend not to leave their doors unlocked to avoid being burgled, people in the
digital world are not always so cautious, with social media full of examples of people not
protecting themselves sufficiently.
Questions 1–8
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
In boxes 1-8 of your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.

1 A cyber criminal can commit a crime with one piece of technology.

2 In the USA in 2011, there were more victims of physical crime than cybercrime.
3 Criminals prefer to break into buildings to steal.
4 Cyber criminals can be discovered faster than other criminals.
5 More criminals should go to prison for cybercrime.
6 Cyber criminals tend to work alone.
7 The police are planning to do more to find cyber criminals.
8 People care more about their security online than in the real world.

II. Complete the following task.

Facts About Computer Security That Experts Wish You Knew
Every day, we hear about software weaknesses, viruses and hackers that could take all of our
money. Because much of this information is exaggerated and sometimes just plain untrue, it is
important for us to know exactly what we should do to protect our data.
Firstly, it is important to say that cybercrime is very rare and most attacks can be prevented by
having a strong password. Facebook’s Chief Security Officer, Alex Stamos, has spent most of
his career thinking about how attackers will find weaknesses in computer systems. He has found
that there are two simple solutions for the vast majority of users: strong passwords

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and two-factor authentication. This means using a password program to create a new password
for every service, and setting up a second level of security on your email and social media
accounts – usually a text message.
A second thing to consider is our attitude to information security. If we can have a safe car, then
it seems reasonable that we should be able to have a safe computer. However, Parisa Tabriz who
heads Google’s Chrome security team believes we should not think of information security as an
exact science. She suggests it is impossible to build a completely secure system, with creators
trying to make attacks too expensive for criminal hackers rather than impossible.
A third issue is the cloud; the place where we keep our emails, photos, bank documents and
maybe even medical records. It
is perhaps safer than many people think but it may not be the best option for everyone. A
positive feature is that someone is looking after our data twenty-four hours a day, seven days a
week. If a criminal tries to attack on a large scale, that person will soon notice and protect our
information. However, that same person is unlikely to notice if the attack involves just one
person’s information. For this reason, keeping our files on personal storage at home is the best
idea if we feel we need to protect it better.
Finally, ignoring software update messages allows criminals access to our computers. Updates
make sure there are no weaknesses in a program so by downloading them immediately, we can
be sure that we are better protected.
Questions 1–6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage?
In boxes 1-6 of your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information.
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information.
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this.
1 The things people hear about computer security are usually correct.
2 Alex Stamos says that a strong password alone is insufficient.
3 You should keep a record of your passwords on your mobile device.
4 Parisa Tabriz says experts are working on a way to make computers 100 percent safe.
5 Online criminals spend a large amount of money on finding software bugs.
6 Cloud companies protect customers from individual data hacks.