NARAYANA E-TECHNO
SCHOOL
2025-26 Session
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
PROJECT NAME-CHESS
Name: Moksh choudhary
[Page 1]
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would also like to express my deepest regards to the principal, Mr. Ravi Swarnkar for
providing us with the infrastructure and facilities for the project.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who supported and contributed to
the successful completion of this project. This endeavour would not have been possible
without the invaluable assistance, encouragement and resources provided by my Physical
Education teacher Mr. Deepak Yadav. His guidance, expertise and insightful feedback were
instrumental in the shaping of this project.
Furthermore, I extend my appreciation to my friends and family for their encouragement
and assistance during the course of this project.
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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Moksh Choudhary of Grade XII has completed the physical education
project in partial fulfillment of the curriculum of ALL INDIA SENIOR SECONDARY CERTIFICATE
EXAMINATION(AISSCE). This project was completed at Narayana e-Techno School during the
year 2024-25.
[Signatures would be here]
EXTERNAL EXAMINER INTERNAL EXAMINER
[School Stamp] PRINCIPAL SIGNATURE
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INDEX
Sr Page
Topic
no. no.
1. Introduction 5
2. Board and Equipment 7
3. Rules and Regulations 10
4. Fundamental Skills 15
Important Tournaments and
5. 19
Awards
6. Chess Players 20
7. Bibliography 26
INTRODUCTION
Chess, a game played between two players on a
checkered board, is one of the oldest and most
intellectually demanding games in the world. Each
player controls an army of 16 pieces, including a
king, queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights,
and eight pawns. The objective is to checkmate
the opponent's king, meaning the king is under
attack and cannot escape capture. Chess is usually
played indoors on a square board, emphasizing
strategy and foresight rather than physical
strength.
History and Origin
Notable events and people in the development of
chess since its invention trace back to ancient
times. The history of chess can be traced back
nearly 1,500 years to its earliest known
predecessor, called chaturanga, in India; its
prehistory is the subject of speculation. Chess, as
we know it today, was born out of the Indian
game chaturanga before the 600s AD. The game
spread throughout Asia and Europe over the
coming centuries. People have been playing chess
for more than 1500 years. Invented in India in the
6th century CE, its earliest known form was called
chaturanga.
We know that chess originated from the Gupta
Empire (600CE), of India. However many people
firmly believe that chess was played by the
ancient Egyptians. Chess grew out of "chatrang,"
an Indian game in the 5th century AD. The game
organically evolved from various "highway"
games. The recorded history of chess goes back to
at least the emergence of chaturanga.
Its creation was met with great enthusiasm, and
within a decade chess became a actual sport.
Although the first professional chess league was
formed in 1898, the growth of the sport was fairly
slow—albeit steady—for much of the early 1900s.
It gained inclusion in the Olympic Games in 1936
and grew in international popularity following
World War II. The formation of the World Chess
Federation (FIDE) in 1924 cemented the sport's
cultural importance on the United States, where it
is played on playgrounds, in schoolyards, and on
family driveways by children and adults alike.
Chess has also been embraced around the globe,
notably in Spain, Italy, China, and Australia, where
many contributions have been made to chess's
varied history.
The first game of chess was a 2 vs 2 contest
according to ancient rules but over the years, the
laws have been changed and fine-tuned to make
what we know as modern-day chess.
The origin of the chessboard goes back to the 7th
century and formed even then the playing surface
for many chess-like games. Trace the storied
history of the game of chess, from its origins in
7th century India to the computer software we
use today.
In the early days, chess was played with pieces
representing infantry, cavalry, elephants, and
chariotry, reflecting the four divisions of the
ancient Indian army. As the game spread to Persia,
it became known as shatranj, and the pieces
evolved into more abstract forms. By the time it
reached Europe via the Arab world in the 10th
century, the game had taken on a form closer to
modern chess, with the bishop and queen gaining
their current movements in the 15th century
during the Renaissance in Spain and Italy.
The first coordinated explanation of how chess
games are won came in the 18th century from
François-André Philidor of France. Philidor, a
composer and chess master, emphasized the
importance of pawn structure. Organized chess
arose in the 19th century, with the establishment
of chess clubs and tournaments.
Today, chess is a global phenomenon, played by
millions, with professional circuits, online
platforms, and even AI opponents pushing the
boundaries of the game. Its enduring appeal lies
in its perfect balance of simplicity in rules and
depth in strategy.
Philidor of France
BOARD AND EQUIPMENT
[Diagram of chessboard layout would be here]
Dimensions of the Board
A standard chessboard has dimensions of 8
squares by 8 squares, making a total of 64
squares. The board has sixty-four total squares
arranged uniformly in eight rows and columns.
The squares are arranged in two alternative
colours (black and white).
The typical size of a standard chess board is 20
inches by 20 inches . This size accommodates the
standard chess piece dimensions.
Key Features:
• The board is square, with alternating light and
dark squares.
• Files are labelled a-h, ranks 1-8.
• Starting position: White on ranks 1-2, Black on
7-8.
The length of the table is 110 cm. The width of the
table is 85 cm. The height of the table is 74 cm. It
is highly recommended that the chess equipment
used in a competition is the same for all
participants and all games.
Equipment:
1. Chess Board
Dimensions:
• Length: 50-55 cm
• Width: 50-55 cm
Key Features:
• 64 squares, 8x8 grid.
• Alternating colours: Usually white and black.
2. Chess Pieces
Size:
• The pieces should be 9.5 cm tall for the King,
8.5 cm for the Queen, 7 cm for the bishop, 6
cm for the Knight, 5.5 cm for the Rook, and 5
cm for the Pawn.
Chess Clock
Height: Standard analog or digital clocks are used
to time moves.
The equipment required includes: chess pieces,
chessboard, chess clock, score sheets, pen to
record the moves and table.
4. Chess Notation Sheets
Used to record moves.
5. Additional Items
Chess sets are lightweight and made of wood,
plastic, or other materials. Players typically use
Staunton design pieces.
RULES AND REGULATIONS OF CHESS
Rules:
1. The player must move pieces according to
their specific movements. The king moves one
square in any direction.
The FIDE Laws of Chess define the rules for
standard chess, rapid chess, blitz chess, and
guidelines for Chess960. FIDE Laws of Chess cover
over-the-board play. The Laws of Chess have two
parts: 1. Basic Rules of Play and 2. Competitive
Rules of Play.
2. The chess player can only take one turn at a
time. In other words, once a player has made
a move, they cannot change it.
3. The piece must stay in bounds. If a piece is
captured, it is removed from the board.
4. The players' hand must be on top of the piece
while moving. If they touch a piece, they must
move it if legal.
5. Once the offensive team starts a move, they
may not go back unless illegal.
The main rule for the defensive player is not
to foul. A foul is described as gaining an unfair
advantage through physical contact. There is
some interpretation that has to be made by
the arbiter, but, in general, the defensive
player may not touch the offensive player in a
way that causes the offensive player to lose
the piece or miss a move.
Every player on the board is subject to the same
rules regardless of the position they play. The
positions in chess are just for team chess strategy
and there are no positions in the rules.
Regulations:
► A chess game starts when arbiter or the player
with black pieces, start the clock
► To win the game there are only three ways one
is to win on time and another one is to checkmate
and the last is if your opponent accept defeat
◦ Checkmate: Wins the game.
◦ Draw by repetition: The game can end in a draw
if the same position appears three times with the
same player to move and all possible moves
remain the same; the draw is claimed.
◦ Stalemate: Draw if no legal moves.
◦ Fifty-move rule: Draw if no capture or pawn
move in 50 moves.
The king moves one square in any direction, while
the queen can move any number of squares in any
direction. Rooks move horizontally or vertically,
bishops diagonally, knights in L-shape, pawns
forward one or two on first, capture diagonally.
Special rules: Castling, en passant, promotion.
Both the FIDE Laws of Chess and the US Chess
Official Rules of Chess have different sets of rules
based on the time control for the game.
FIDE rule: If touches his/her king and a rook
he/she must castle on that side if it is legal to do
so; deliberately touches a rook and then his king
he/she must castle on that side if legal.
To expand, detail each piece's movement:
• King: One square any direction, cannot move
into check.
• Queen: Any number straight or diagonal.
• Rook: Any number horizontal/vertical.
• Bishop: Any number diagonal.
• Knight: 2 in one direction, 1 perpendicular,
jumps over.
• Pawn: Forward 1, first move 2, captures
diagonal, promotes at end.
Illegal moves: Cannot leave king in check.
Winning: Checkmate,resignation, time loss.
Draws: Stalemate, insufficient material, threefold
repetition, 50-move rule, agreement.
Time controls: Standard 90 min +30 sec
increment, etc.
Arbiter roles, conduct.
This section can be expanded with examples of
common violations, like illegal castling if pieces
moved or king in check.
FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS
Chess strategy - 5 key concepts to learn: However,
learning a few principles can improve your play
and help you win more games. Those are material
count, piece activity, piece mobility, pawn
structure.
Chess strategies for beginners: ALWAYS PLAY TO
GAIN CONTROL OF THE CENTER. Try to maintain at
least ONE PAWN in the center. DON'T SACRIFICE
without a clear and adequate reason.
Most Important Fundamentals for Beginners:
Exchange your least active pieces for your
opponent's active pieces. Restrict the
development of your opponent's pieces.
Neutralize your opponent's threats.
The Chess Skills That Truly Matter: We should
understand that the fundamental chess skills are
tactics and playing/training with focus.
Top 7 Chess Strategies For Beginners: By diving
into concepts like centralization, king safety, good
piece play, and pawn formations, novice players
can elevate their gameplay.
Fundamental skills include:
1. Piece Development: Develop knights and
bishops early.
2. Control the Center: Occupy d4, e4, d5, e5 with
pawns/pieces.
3. King Safety: Castle early.
4. Tactics: Forks, pins, skewers, discovered
attacks.
5. Openings: e4, d4 openings like Italian Game,
Ruy Lopez.
6. Middlegame: Plan based on pawn structure.
7. Endgame: King activity, pawn promotion.
Expand with examples:
For example, in the opening, the principle is to
develop pieces quickly. A common mistake is
moving the same piece multiple times.
Tactics: A fork is when a piece attacks two or more
opponent pieces simultaneously, like a knight
forking king and queen.
Common strategies: Attack weak pawns, create
passed pawns in endgame.
Calculation: Visualize moves ahead.
Positional play: Improve piece positions.
IMPORTANT TOURNAMENTS AND AWARDS
Championship is the most famous chess event. It
started way back in 1886.
How would you rank the most prestigious chess
tournaments? Likely I'd go: World Cup, Wijk,
Grand Swiss, Sinquefield.
The Grand Prize: A Look at the Highest Payout
Chess Tournaments: 1. The Magnus Carlsen
Invitational 2. World Chess Championship.
The Most Prestigious Chess Tournaments in the
World: The Tata Steel Chess Tournament has been
home to some of the most incredible
performances in chess history.
World Chess Championship: The World Chess
Championship is played to determine the world
champion in chess. The current world champion is
Gukesh Dommaraju.
FIDE 100 Awards make history: Women's chess
has always been a priority for FIDE, with the first
Women's World Championship organized in 1927.
Important tournaments:
1. World Chess Championship: Held every two
years, determines the world champion.
Current: Gukesh Dommaraju.
2. Chess Olympiad: Team event every two years.
3. Candidates Tournament: Qualifier for World
Championship.
4. Tata Steel Chess (Wijk aan Zee): Annual,
prestigious.
5. Sinquefield Cup: Part of Grand Chess Tour.
6. Norway Chess: Elite event.
7. Grand Swiss: FIDE event for qualification.
8. World Cup: Knockout tournament.
Awards:
• Grandmaster (GM) title: Highest title, requires
2500 rating and norms.
• International Master (IM).
• FIDE Master (FM).
• Oscar awards for best player of the year
(discontinued).
• FIDE 100 Awards for historical contributions.
Detail history of each tournament, winners,
notable games.
For example, World Championship 1972: Fischer
vs Spassky.
This can fill pages with lists and descriptions.
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CHESS PLAYERS
Popular Chess Biographies Books: Fighting Chess:
My Games and Career Garry Kasparov; Kramnik:
My Life & games Vladimir Kramnik.
Top 5 New Chess Biographies and Memoirs in
2023: Bobby Fischer was considered a chess
prodigy.
Biographical chess books include 'Alexander
Alekhine – The Russian Sphinx', 'The Real Bobby
Fischer'.
Memoirs/Autobiography's of Chess Players: The
Life and Games of Mikhail Tal.
Greatest Chess Players of All Time: This book
covers iconic chess champions like Magnus
Carlsen, Garry Kasparov, Bobby Fischer, and José
Raúl Capablanca.
Famous players:
1. Magnus Carlsen: Norwegian, born 1990, world
champion 2013-2023, highest rating 2882.
Known for endgame mastery.
2. Garry Kasparov: Russian, born 1963,
champion 1985-2000, political activist.
3. Bobby Fischer: American, born 1943,
champion 1972, eccentric genius.
4. Viswanathan Anand: Indian, born 1969,
champion 2000-2013, five-time winner.
5. Mikhail Tal: Latvian, born 1936, champion
1960, known for sacrificial style.
6. José Raúl Capablanca: Cuban, born 1888,
champion 1921-1927, natural talent.
7. Alexander Alekhine: Russian-French, born
1892, champion 1927-1935, 1937-1946.
8. Anatoly Karpov: Russian, born 1951,
champion 1975-1985.
9. Vladimir Kramnik: Russian, born 1975,
champion 2000-2007.
10. Gukesh Dommaraju: Indian, born 2006,
current champion as of 2024.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Wikipedia - History of chess:
[Link]
s
2. [Link] - History of Chess:
[Link]
of-chess
