A) problem statement

5,000 kilograms per hour of a methane (A)-water (B) solution that contains 50% in
The weight of methanol at 26.7°C will be continuously rectified at 1 atm pressure to produce
a distillate containing 95% methanol and a residue containing 1% methanol (in
weight). The feed mixture will be preheated by heat exchange with the
residue, which will leave the system at 37.8°C. The distillate will be totally condensed
until a liquid and the reflux will return at the bubble point. The distillate obtained is
it will cool separately before being stored. A reflux ratio will be used.
1.5 times the minimum.
Determine: (a) the amount of the products, (b) the enthalpy of the feed mixture and
of the products, (c) the minimum reflux ratio, (d) the minimum number of theoretical plates.
the mP load certifies the condenser and the reboiler for the reflux ratio
specified. f) the number of theoretical plates for the specified reflux ratio and the
amount of liquid and vapor inside the tower.
Example. 9.10
Redesign the methanol*water fractionator from example 9.8, using the assumptions
Simplifiers of the McCabe-Thiele method. The conditions are:
Nutrition:
500 kg/h
Z F =0.360
Pro Molecules = 23.1
Inlet temperature to the fractionator = 58.3°C
Distilled:
2620 kg/h
x D =0.915
Residue:
2380kg/h
X=¿
W 0.00565
Reflux ratio = 1.5 times the minimum.
 B) Diagram of the liquid-vapor equilibrium of the required system

C) D
I
a
g
r
a
blocks of the distillation tower indicating data and unknowns.

D=2620kg/h
XD=0.915

5000kg/h
Zf=0.360
2620 kg/h
XD=0.915
 D) Calculation of the enrichment line graph

The enrichment operation line is given by a material balance.

G=L+ D
GY+1=L Xn+ DYD
From where the operating line of the enrichment section is:
The Xn∗D
Y n +1= XD
G G

E) Calculation and graph of the exhaustion line

The slope of the exhaustion line is relatedĹ toǴ L/G and with the
feeding conditions, in the same way as before. A material balance for
the most volatile substance below plate m in the exhaustion section is:

´ Xm+ ´G0=G
L ´ +WX ,
( ) Ym+1

and since in this case. Ĺ

L Y m+1
=
Ǵ X m−X W

Therefore, the exhaustion line passes through the point (y=0, X= 0)

 As shown in the figure.

F) Determination and graph of line q.

The latent heat of vaporization at 76°C

1046.7 kJ
ℷ A ( methanol)=
kg
2284 kJ
ℷB (water)=
kg
Food solution = 3852J/Kg* K

Cp(methanol)=2721
Cp(water)=4187
The enthalpy of the feed mixture at 76°C with reference to 58.3°C is.
KJ
H ( liquid )=3.852 ( 23.1 ) ( 76−58.3=1575
)
Kmol
The enthalpy of saturated vapor at 89.7°C is.

H(gas)=Z F∗¿

0.36∗( 2.721∗( 32.04 ) ( 89.7−58.3 ) +1046.7A ( 32.04))+(1−0.36)∗¿

 saturated vapor enthalpy−0
q=
saturated vapor enthalpy−enthalpy of the feed mixture
40915KJ
−0
Kmol
q= =1.04
40915KJ1575KJ
−
Kmol Kmol
q 1.04
= =26
q−1 1.04−1

Pending line q= 26

For R = 1.5(0.605) = 0.908 mol reflux / mol D

L=L0 =RD= ( 0.908 ) ( 84.4 ) =76.5 Kgmol/h

G=D ( R+1 )= ( 84.5 ) ( 0.908+ 1 )=160.9Kmol/ h
Ĺ=qF+ L=1.04∗216.8+76.5=302.5Kmol/h
Ǵ=F q−1+G=216.8
( ) 1.04−1+160.9=169.7Kmol/h
( )
XD 0.915
= =0.480
Rm+1 0.908+ 1

L=fluid flow
G=gas flow
Ĺ=flow of liquid used
Ǵ=gas flow utilized
 F = feed flow
D=distillate flow

G) Resolution of the required points of the problem

the quantity of the products.

D = 84.4 kmol/h 84.4(31.1) = 2620 kg/h
W = 132.4 kmol/h 132.4(18.08) = 2380 kg/h
the enthalpy of the feed mixture and the products.
KJ
H ( liquid )=3.852 ( 23.1 ) ( 76−58.3=1575
)
Kmol
H(gas)=Z F∗¿

0.36∗( 2.721∗( 32.04) ( 89.7−58.3 ) +1046.7A ( 32.04))+(1−0.36)∗¿

the minimum reflux ratio.

Rm=0.605mol reflux/mol D
XD 0.915
= =0.57
Rm+1 0.605+ 1

the minimum number of theoretical plates.

The minimum number of dishes is determined by using the 45° diagonal as the line of operation.
4.9 ideal stages were obtained, including the reboiler.
N = 4.9 - 1 = 3.9.
(e) the load mP orifies of the condenser and the reboiler for the specified reflux ratio.
Q−H GI
For R=1.5(0.685)= 1.029 The equation: R = It falls as follows
H GI−H L0
substituting the values
Q−38,610
1.029 =
38,610−3,640
Clearing Q
Qc Qc
Q= 74 595 = HD + =3640+
D 84.4
Clearing Qc= 5,990,000 kJ/h = 1664 kW
F H=DQ+WQ
From the equation F the values are substituted and the equation remains:

(216.8)*(2,533)=(84.4)*(74,595) + 132.4 * Q
Q QB
Q= -43.403 = Hw= B=6000−
w 132.4
Q B 6,541,000 kJ/h

f) the number of theoretical plates for the specified reflux ratio and the amount of liquid and
vapor inside the tower.
 '
In figure 9.27, it was graphed ΔD en x D =0.915,Q=74595 ) ywΔen
X=65Q=−43.403¿
w They were graphed. The random lines from point A, as shown,
they intersect at the saturated vapor and saturated liquid curves at values of 'y' and 'x',
respectively, corresponding to points on the operating curve (note that for
to obtain exact results, a larger scale curve is needed). These values are graphed
about figure 9.28 to obtain the operating curves, which are almost, but not completely,
lines. As shown, a total of nine ideal stages is required, including the
Receiver, or eight ideal plates in the tower, when the feeding plate is the optimal one.

Figure 9.27 Enthalpy diagram

concentration

Figure 9.28 Diagram x y

At the top of the tower,
kmol
G 1=DR+1=84.4
( ) 1.029+
( 1 )=171.3
h
kmol
l 0=DR=84.4 ( 1.029)=86.7
h

Equation 9.64

Substituting values:

L4 0.915−0.676
= y L4 77.2 kmol/h
D0.676−0.415

Equation 9.62
Substituting values:
L 4 0.915−0.676
= y G 5161.5 kmol/h
G 50.915−0.415

Equation 9.74

Substituting values:
L5 0.554−0.00565
= y L5308 kmol/h
W 0.554−0.318

Equation 9.72

Substituting values:
L5 0.554−0.00565
= y G 6175.7 kmol/h
G60.318−0.00565

At the bottom of the tower, the equation is used:

Substituting values
´ B =G´ w+132.4
L

Y=0.35,
Even more w X=0.02
s

ĹB 0.035−0.00565
=
´ w 0.02−0.00565
G

Solving by simultaneous equations

kmol
´
I=127.6 ĹB =260
h