Standards

ASTM: It stands for American Society for Testing and Materials.

American Society for Testing and Materials.

AASHTO stands for the American Association of State

Highway and Transportation Officials (American Association of Highways
state and official transport

ACI: American Concrete Institute

AISC: Corresponds to the English initials of American Institute of Steel

Construction.

CRSI: It stands for Concrete Reinforcing Steel Institute.

Most used and applied standards in Construction and Buildings in Panama

Start of Construction

EXCAVATION AND FILLING: The following standards are referenced and their
applications.

ASTM D 1556. Density and Unit Weight of Soil. Cone Method

arena.
ASTM D 1557. Soil Characteristics. Modified Proctor.
ASTM D 2487. Soil Classification.
ASTM D 4318. Liquid limits, plastic limits, and plasticity index.
ASTM D 4220. Soil particle size.
ASTM D. 2167. Density and unit weights. Balloon Method.
ASTM D. 2216. Soil Moisture Content.
ASTM D. 2937. Soil Density. Cylinder Method.
AASHTO T99: Method C. Density and Moisture Relationship of the soil.

FLOORS:

AASHTO T191. Density of soil in place by the cone method

arena.
AASHTO T205. Standard compaction test.
AASHTO T224. In-place density.
FORMWORK: The ASTM, ACI publications and the standards that are applied
establish in the REP 2004 (Regulation for structural design in the republic
from Panama

ACI Standards:

ACI 117 Standard tolerance for materials and constructions.

ACI 374R. Guide to Formwork for Concrete.
ACI SP-4. Formwork for concrete.

REINFORCING STEEL:

ASTM A 82. Smooth steel wire for reinforcement.

ASTM A497. Welded and deformed steel wire mesh for
concrete reinforcements.
ASTM 615. Deformed or plain bars for reinforcement
concrete.
ASTM 853. General purpose steel wire.
ACI 315: Reinforcement Detailing for Concrete.
ACI 318. Regulations for Reinforced Concrete Constructions.
CRSI 01. Standard Practices Manual.

STRUCTURAL STEEL AND OTHER METALS:

ASTM A6. General Requirements for Steel Plates
rolls, profiles, sheet pilings, and bars for general use.
ASTM A36 Corresponding to Structural Steel.
ASTM A 53 Steel Pipe Cast Iron.
ASTM A 500 Standard for structural purpose pipes
carbon steel welded and seamless, cold forged, in round
and without profiles.
ASTM A525 General requirements for galvanized steel sheets
due to hot forging.
ASTM A93 Specifications for Galvanized Steel.
AISC S326 Design, manufacturing and erection of structural steel for
buildings.
AISC 04 Design of allowable stresses and plastic design for the
structural steel in buildings.
AWS D1.1 which corresponds to the steel welding code
structural.
AWS A2.4 Standards and symbols for welding.
AWS A3.0 Standard Terms and Definitions for Welding.
 AWS Z49.1 Welding and Cutting Safety.
ANSI A14.3 Fixed Ladders and safety requirements.
ANSI MH28 Design, testing, used and application of steel type
industrial.

CAST IN PLACE CONCRETE:

ASTM C31. Field concrete specifications.
ASTM C33. Concrete aggregate.
ASTM C39. Compressive strength of cylinder specimens
concrete.
ASTM C94. Settlement of Portland Cement Concrete.
ASTM C172. Sampling of fresh concrete.
ASTM C309. Liquid membrane-forming compounds for the
concrete curing.
ASTM C492. Chemical admixtures for concrete.
ASTM C881. Concrete Bonding Systems using compounds
based on epoxy resins.
ACI 301. Structural concrete for buildings.
ACI 305R. Placing Concrete in Hot Weather.
ACI 315. Concrete reinforcement details.
ACI 318. Regulations for the construction of reinforced concrete

Concrete temperature:
ASTM C-1064. Determination of temperature.
ASTM C-94 /C94M-07 Acceptance Criterion

Concrete settlement:
ASTM C-143. Fresh concrete slump. Abrams cone.
The Settlement Range will be from 2" to 4" depending on its use in the pouring.

Density of Concrete:
ASTM C138. Unit Weight Yield.

Air Content Concrete:

ASTM 23: Pressure Method
ASTM C 173: Volumetric method.
 Enhanced Slabs:
ACI 318. Regulations for Reinforced Concrete Constructions.
ASTM A 418. Prestressed Cables: The physical characteristics of the cable
will be: Break resistance = 270 ksi
Nominal Diameter = ½ inch.
Minimum Breaking Load = 41,300 lb
Minimum load for a 1% deformation = 35,100 lb
Modulus of Elasticity: 28,000 ksi.

Materials:

Arena

ASTM C144. The fine aggregates shall be natural in accordance with the standard.

Cement

ASTM C150 Portland Cement

ASTM C207: Type S design

BLOCKS: Depending on the type of block to be used, they must comply with the
Standard Specification for Hollow Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Units

Clay blocks

DGNTI-COPANIT-229-06: Construction and Building Materials. Blocks of

Clays for non-load-bearing walls
NTC-4205-00: Civil Engineering and Architecture. Clay Masonry Units
cooked, bricks and ceramic blocks.

Filling Mortar:

STM C476: hollow block filling.

Aluminum Doors and Windows:

ANSI–AAMA 101 Specifications for aluminum and sliding doors.

ANSI–AAMA 1503.1 Test Methods for Resistance to
condensation of windows, doors, and curtain wall sections.
 ANSI-AAMA 1302.5 Specifications for resistance to forced entry of
Aluminum doors.
ASTM E331 Y 547. Water resistance test for windows and aluminum,
ASTM C 1336. Float Glass.
ASTM E330. Structural execution of windows, curtain walls, and doors
externally due to the difference in the uniform static air pressure.

Concrete Slabs:

ASTM C94, Concrete Mix.

ASTM C 143. Concrete settling.
ASTM C 309. Liquid membrane and components for curing of
concrete.

Electricity

Electric Service Regulations of Elektra Noreste or the Technical Standard for

the Supply to Customers of Unión Fenosa.

Sanitary Drainage and Sewage Pipe:

ASTM D-1785: Specifies the physical dimensions or requirements of the

tests and the maximum operating pressure, for pressure piping
PVC sheets 40, 80, and 120.
ASTM TM D1784-60T. PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) pipe: specifies the
physical requirements of the components for PVC materials and
CPVC used for the manufacture of valves, pipes, and fittings.
ASTM B 32. For different types of tin and lead welding.
ASME B16.22

Potable Water Pipe:

ASME B16.22: for copper welding and fittings.

ASTM B88

CERAMICS:

The main tests are: measurement, bending, absorption, compression, wear,

hardness, others.

ISO 10545-1/ 10545-2/ 10545-3/ 10545-4/ 10545-5

 Physical and mechanical properties of ceramic products (tiles and
porcelanatos
ISO 10545-3 (Determination of water absorption percentage) and ISO 13006
(Classification of tiles regarding water absorption and molding).

WELDING:

AWS 2002 CODE OF WELDING IN STEEL STRUCTURES

general inspection, visual, ultrasound, penetrant liquids, magnetic particles
X-rays, qualification for welders)

ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) (pressure vessel welding)

API standards or guidelines (American Petroleum Institute (API), welding of

fuel containers.