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 THE OPENING
Essentially situated in the very center of Islamic prayers and recited
daily by Muslims, al-Fatiha is a short but perhaps the most compre­
hensive chapter of the Qur’an. Literally translated as “the opening,”
al-Fatiha is the gateway to the holy scripture as the very first chapter
and serves as a compendium of wisdom and divine guidance, each
word of which deserves in-depth scholarship. The book in your
hands is a serious attempt to explore this chapter by Fethullah Giilen,
an influential Islamic scholar and leader. After an introduction on
some of the issues surrounding the Qur’an - how the revelation was
collected and preserved, its being of guidance for the human life and
studying the universe, and as a source of treasures of the Divine
Names - Giilen goes on to share his interpretations on every word and
phrase of the chapter and its function as a concise expression of
prayer and servanthood in the Muslim tradition, offering a valuable
addition to the rich literature of exegesis on al-Fatiha.

M. Fethullah Gillen (1941 - ) is one ofthe most influential scholars in the Muslim world
today. His ideas have inspired millions to take part in a civic movement ofintercultural
and interfaith dialogue and educational activism, which produced hundreds ofquality
schoolsand dialog organizations in all over the world. Gillen is the author ofnumerous
ks, including The Essentials of the Islamic Faith, Questions and Answers about
s am, Key Concepts in the Practice ofSufism, Pearls of Wisdom, and Toward a Global
nation of Love and Tolerance. His official web site: [Link]

ISLAM / QUR'ANIC EXEGESIS

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THE OPENING
AL-FATIHA
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 1

THE OPENING
AL-FATIHA
A Commentary on
the First Chapter of the Qur'an

M. Fethullah Gulen

NEW JERSEY • LONDON • FRANKFURT • CAIRO

TUGHRA
BOOKS
New Jersey
 Copyright © 2016 by Tughra Books

Originally published in Turkish as Fatiha Uzerine Mulfihazalar in 1997

19 18 17 16 1234

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by
any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the
Publisher.

Published by Tughra Books F

335 Clifton Avenue, Clifton
New Jersey 07011, USA

[Link]

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Giilen, Fethullah, author.
Title: The opening (al-Fatiha) : a commentary on the first chapter of the
Quraan / M. Fethullah Gulen.
Other titles: Fatiha Uzerine miilahazalar. English
Description: Clifton, NJ: Tughra Books, 2016. | Includes bibliographical
references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016029962 | ISBN 9781597843928 (pbk.)
Subjects: LCSH: Qur’an. Surat al-Fatihah-Commentaries.
Classification: LCC BP128.16 .G8513 2016 | DDC 297.1/22721-dc23
LC record available at [Link]

ISBN: 978-1-59784-392-8

Printed in Canada by Marquis Book Printing.

 Contents

Preface ,.ix
The Opening (Al-Fatiha)
Introduction xii

Part One
A BRIEF JOURNEY TO THE MAGICAL
WORLD OF THE QUR'AN
I. Implications of the Word "Qur’an” . ...3
II. The Qur’an: The Eternal Music . ...6
III. The Collection and Preservation of the Qur’an ...8
IV. The Qur’an as the Word of God 13
V. The Qur'an as a Miracle 15
VI. Definitions of the Qur'an 17
1. Interpretation of the Book of the Universe 17
The miracle of milk 18
Oxygen decreasing with elevation 19
Creation of everything in pairs 20
The atomic world 21
The event of precipitation 22
Expansion of the sky . .23
Creation of the earth as a globe . .23
Separation of the heavens and earth .24
Creation of life out of water...................................... .25
2. The Key of the Treasures of the Divine Names .25
3. Interpreter of the Divine Attributes .26
4. Interpretation of the Divine Acts .27
5. Sacred Map of the Hereafter .28
6. Book of Law .29
 vi The Opening (Al-Fatiha)

7. Book of Wisdom............................................... 29
8. Book of Worship............................................... 29
9. Book of Prayer.................................................. 30
10. Holy Book Coming from the Divine Presence 30

Part Two
PRELUDE TO AL-FATIHA
I. Isti'adha: Taking Refuge in God from Satan............... 33
33
1. Word Analyses......................................................
The phrase "I take refuge"............................... 33
The word "Allah" or "God"................................ 34
The word "Satan".............................................. 34
The word "accursed"........................................ 35
2. The Wisdom behind Isti'adha............................. 35
Our human essence demands isti'adha........... 35
Isti'adha is a sign of fidelity............................. 36
Isti'adha is to entrust things to God................ 38
Isti'adha is a shelter against all evils............... 39
Isti'adha relates to our eternal needs.............. 40
Isti'adha is to admit our weakness.................. 40
Isti'adha purifies the heart............................... 41
Isti'adha supports us in our struggle............... 43
Who is Satan from whom we take refuge?...... 43
II. Basmala: "In the Name of God".................................. 45
1. The Preposition " "........................................... 45
2. The Word "name".................................................. 47
3. The Word "God".................................................... 48
The words associated with the Name "Allah".. 49
Alaha ( iJl)......................................................... 49
Aleha ( ill).......................................................... 49
Walaha ( iJJ )..................................................... 50
Laha ().......................................................... 50
An outstanding feature of the word "Allah".... 51
4. The Names "ar-Rahman" and "ar-Rahim"............ 52
5. Some Qualities of Basmala.................................... 54
III. Harmonious Relation between Basmala and Fatiha 56
 Contents vii

Part Three
COMMENTARY ON THE VERSES
I. “All praise is for God, the Lord of the worlds."..................................... 65
1. The Word “Praise"............................................................................. .65
2. The Word “Lord"............................................................................... ..68
3. “All praise is for God" and the Principles of Faith........................ .71
Belief in God.................................................................................. .71
Belief in God’s Angels................................................................... . .76
Belief in God's Books and Messengers....................................... .77
Belief in the Hereafter................................................................. .77
4. The Word “the worlds".................................................................... .78
II. “The All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate.".......................................... .87
1. The Emphasis on Divine Mercy...................................................... .87
2. Transcendent Essence of Divine Mercy......................................... .88
3. Manifestations of Divine Mercy..................................................... ..89
III. “The Master of the Day of Judgment."................................................. ..92
1. The Day of Resurrection.................................................................. ..93
2. The Day of the Religion................................................................... . ..94
3. The Word “Master"........................................................................ .... ..95
IV. “You alone do We worship, and from You alone do we seek help." ..97
1. Concept of Worship......................................................................... ..97
2. The Concept of Seeking Help.......................................................... 103
V. "Guide us to the Straight Path."............................................................. 108
1. The Meaning of Guidance................ ’................................................ 108
2. The Word “Path".............................................................................. 110
VI. “The Path of those whom You have favored, not of those
who have incurred (Your) wrath, nor of those who are astray."......... 116

Summary..... 121
Bibliography, 125
I
 Preface

he Qur'an begins with the surah of Fatiha. The surah is also

the beginning of Salah, Muslim's Daily Prayers. The doors to
all good works can be opened with this diamond key, and all
darkness in our life can be illumined with this source of light. In this
respect, it is called al-Fatiha (the Opening) for it is the beginning of all
goodness in life. It is also called ash-Shafiya (the Healer) for it cures
many afflictions, material or spiritual, individual or social. It is called
al-Kafiya (the Sufficient) for it is an adequate prescription for human­
ity's all needs and problems. It is called Umm al-Kitab (the Mother of
the Book) for it is the summary of the Qur’anic truths and the index of
all true books.
Fatiha is a blessed surah as comprehensive as a book. It contains
the main purposes and principles of the Qur’an and all Holy Books. We
can determine the essential subjects of the Qur'an as faith, worship,
and morality or the order of life, and it is always possible to find in Fati­
ha an explicit or implicit reference, or at least a sign, to the aspects of
these subjects. The principles of Islamic faith are not some abstract ideas.
They are vital values which must be known, reflected upon, believed
and internalized, and with which one should achieve the true submis­
sion to God. These vital values will be deepened with reflection and
remembrance and nourished by worship in the broadest sense of the
terms. If we consider them in our human relations and daily affairs,
we will not be overcome by our desires and immoralities. In this way,
a believer can stay in the sphere of faith all time, revolving around its
 x The Opening (Al-Fatiha)

main axis. All matters of faith and its practice are reflected in Fatiha in
a great harmony.
Fatiha at first introduces God who is truly worthy of praise and
gratitude. It introduces Him with some of His Attributes that are the
essential wisdom behind creation. The surah emphasizes the fact that
God has absolute authority over all things, drawing attention to our
need of submission to this authority. Fatiha advises that we should
seek help only from God in the face of all hardships and responsibili­
ties that accompany this submission. It reminds us of the most impor­
tant subject of help for humanity, which is our need of guidance. This
need is presented in a striking image: the desirable way of those who
have attained God’s favors and blessings since the beginning and who
have never known the misfortune of going astray.
Fatiha functions as the introduction of the Qur’an. The contents of
all other surahs are summarized or implied in this very first chapter.
The explanation of this fact can be found in corpuses of traditional
Qur’anic exegesis and in part in this tiny volume.
This book was originally formed out of the lectures I gave to the
public in the mosque. The content was not intended to form a book at
all. As I addressed to the feelings and thoughts of the congregation, the
spoken language determined the style for the most part even after the
partial editing. The manner of preaching allowed some repetitions, which
I could not eliminate completely from the text. There are only a few
occasions where I could not avoid using technical language; but over­
all the text is quite plain and easy to read. The publication of this edi­
tion was not my idea. Some friends of mine initiated the project and I
simply respected their initiative. I hope and pray it would be useful for
the believers.
 The Opening (Al-Fatiha)

In the Name of God, the All-Merciful, the All-Compassionate.

All praise is for God, the Lord of the worlds, the All-Merciful,
the All-Compassionate, the Master of the Day of Judgment.

You alone do We worship, and from You alone do we seek help.

Guide us to the Straight Path, the Path of those whom You have
favored, not of those who have incurred Your wrath, nor of
those who are astray.

Amin.
 Introduction

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If We had sent down this Qur'an on a mountain, you would certainly

see it humble itself, splitting asunder for awe of God. Such parables
We strike for humankind so that they may reflect (al-Hashr 59:21).

his verse explains that the Qur'an, the eternal word of God,
was sent to all people, who were created in the “best form of
creation" (at-Tin 95:4) and as capable for receiving the Divine
speech. If the Qur'an was sent down to the mountains instead of
humanity, one would see them shattered in pieces due to the great­
ness of this Divine revelation. The mountains would be so due to their
deep fear of God. Yet the Qur'an does not have such a deep impact on
the people who keep their hearts and minds from it. We cannot ben­
efit from the Qur’an if we alienate our feelings from it and if we do not
reserve a special place for it in our hearts and minds.

The Qur'an is an ocean full ofgems

For the ones who can dive deep;
But there can be no benefitfrom the Qur'an
For the ones with no feel of need.

God revealed the Qur’an with a profound capacity to respond to

all material and spiritual needs of humanity. In this sense, the Qur’an
is fully blessed and sacred. Its holiness and transcendence have no
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