Immediate family Extended family In-laws (gia đình Step & half family

(gia đình ruột thịt) (họ hàng) bên vợ/chồng) (gia đình ghép)
+ Parents (bố mẹ) + Grandfather (ông) + Father-in-law (bố + Stepfather (bố
+ Father / Dad + Grandmother (bà) chồng / bố vợ) dượng)
+ Mother / Mom + Uncle (chú, bác, + Mother-in-law (mẹ + Stepmother (mẹ
+ Son cậu) chồng / mẹ vợ) kế)
+ Daughter + Aunt (cô, dì, mợ) + Brother-in-law + Stepson (con riêng
+ Brother + Cousin (anh/em chồng; trai)
+ Sister (anh/chị/em họ) anh/em vợ) + Stepdaughter (con
+ Nephew (cháu trai) + Sister-in-law riêng gái)
+ Niece (cháu gái) (chị/em dâu; chị/em + Half-brother
vợ) (anh/em trai cùng
+ Son-in-law (con cha khác mẹ hoặc
rể) ngược lại)
+ Daughter-in-law + Half-sister (chị/em
(con dâu) gái cùng cha khác
mẹ hoặc ngược lại)

+ My mother is very careful with money. She never lets the family expenses fall short.
+ My cousin likes doing dangerous things. He climbs onto a tall table and then jumps down.
+ I am similar to my father. We are both quiet, introverted, and thoughtful people.
+ My aunt’s daughter is very smart. Even though she is only two years old, she already
knows how to do basic math problems.
+ There are a lot of differences between my sister and me. I am quiet and introverted, but my
sister is very outgoing. She always enjoys being at parties instead of staying at home.

Page 21. Activities D and E.

+ In Japan, we have different titles for older + Ở Nhật Bản, chúng tôi có những cách gọi khác
siblings and younger siblings. For example, nhau cho anh chị em ruột và em ruột. Ví dụ, chị
my older sister is named Himari, but when I gái tôi tên là Himari, nhưng khi tôi nói chuyện
với chị ấy, tôi gọi chị ấy là Ane. Gọi như vậy
talk to her, I call her Ane. It's more polite.
lịch sự hơn. Em gái tôi tên là Aki, nhưng tôi gọi
My younger sister is named Aki, but I call chị ấy là Imouto khi nói chuyện. Imouto nghĩa là
her Imouto when I talk to her. Imouto means em gái.
little sister.
+ Here in India, we have a festival every + Ở Ấn Độ, hàng năm chúng tôi đều có một lễ
year to celebrate our siblings. It's called hội để tôn vinh anh chị em ruột. Lễ hội này
Raksha Bandhan, and it's usually in August. được gọi là Raksha Bandhan, và thường diễn ra
During the festival, sisters give their vào tháng Tám. Trong lễ hội, các chị gái sẽ tặng
brothers a bracelet. cho em trai mình một chiếc vòng tay.
+ In Uganda, we don't talk about cousins. + Ở Uganda, chúng tôi không nói về anh chị em
All cousins are simply called brothers or họ. Tất cả anh chị em họ đều được gọi đơn giản
là anh chị em ruột hoặc chị em ruột. Vì vậy, nếu
sisters. So, if you ask someone in Uganda,
bạn hỏi ai đó ở Uganda rằng bạn có bao nhiêu
how many brothers and sisters do you have, anh chị em ruột, đừng ngạc nhiên nếu họ nói
don't be surprised if they say, very many. rằng rất nhiều.
+ Today, in the United States, about 80% of + Ngày nay, tại Hoa Kỳ, khoảng 80% trẻ em
children live with a sibling, and about half sống cùng anh chị em ruột, và khoảng một nửa
of the children have a stepsibling, because số trẻ em có anh chị em cùng cha khác mẹ, bởi
their parents married again to someone who vì cha mẹ chúng tái hôn với người đã có con trai
already has a son or daughter from another hoặc con gái từ cuộc hôn nhân trước.
marriage.
_ Older siblings should be supportive and take care of their younger brothers and sisters.
They ought to give thoughtful advice, and being a good positive role models or provide
guidance in difficult situations, because younger siblings often look up to them and learn from
their behavior. But older siblings should not bully or look down on their younger siblings,
because that can hurt their feelings and damage the family relationship.
_ Younger siblings should respect their older siblings, listen to their advice carefully, and try
to help them whenever possible, so that the relationship between them can be warm,
supportive, and full of trust. But younger siblings should not ignore the advice of their older
siblings or argue all the time, since this can create conflicts instead of building understanding
and love.
Birth Order Theory (Lý thuyết thứ tự sinh trong gia đình):
FINDING 1:
+ 21 of the first 23 American astronauts were oldest children.
👉 21 trong số 23 phi hành gia Mỹ đầu tiên là con cả.

+ A study of 2,400 Norwegian men found that oldest children had an average IQ score of 103,
middle children 100, and youngest children 99.
👉 Một nghiên cứu trên 2.400 nam giới Na Uy phát hiện rằng: con cả có chỉ số IQ trung bình là
103, con giữa là 100, và con út là 99.
=> Scientific method – It was a formal study with data collection and comparison of IQ
scores, not just an observation.
LISTEN
Birth Order Theory. Good morning, everyone. Take a seat, please. Thank you. Today, we're
looking at birth order and the differences between siblings. One hundred years ago, Alfred
Adler came up with the idea of birth order theory. Today, we'll consider that theory.
First, we'll look at oldest children, then middle children, then youngest children, and then
only children. And finally, we'll look at the scientific research to see if birth order theory is
true. So... Let's start with oldest children. Birth order theory says that oldest children are
usually confident. They have time alone with their parents, so they get extra attention. They
tend to be quite smart and are often one step ahead of their siblings. They also tend to be
careful, so they usually don't do dangerous sports like motorcycle racing or skydiving.
Middle children, according to the theory, are often independent and popular. On average,
they have more friends than their siblings. They don't want to keep up with their older sibling.
They would prefer to be different, so they do things that their parents don't like, such as
staying out late.
For youngest children, the theory says that the most important thing is to have fun. They
tend to be funny and friendly, and in general they are happy. This is because, as the youngest,
they get love from everyone when they are growing up.
What about only children? Only children get a lot of attention from their parents. This
means that they are similar to oldest children. For instance, they are often confident. They are
also creative because they have more time alone. Only children would prefer not to share
because they haven't learned how.
So, what does scientific research tell us about birth order theory? Is it true or is it
nonsense? Well, the answer is, it's a bit of both. Research has shown that there probably are
differences that come from your birth order, but those differences are very small. For
example, oldest children tend to have a higher IQ than their siblings, but only three points
higher. Other things are much more important. For example, how rich or poor the family is.
There is simply no good evidence for most of the ideas of birth order theory. So, in summary,
birth order theory is very interesting, and it's popular with many people, but, unfortunately, it
really doesn't explain the differences between us.
E. I agree with the idea that the oldest children in the family is very careful. They don’t like
the risky things or the dangerous sport. Because myself is also an oldest child in my family,
and I think that I have to have the responsibility with my parents and my younger sister, so if I
am not careful when participating in the dangerous sport, it will bring the unwanted problem
for myself and it will affect to the finances of my parent and even affect to the psychology of
the younger sister. So I think the oldest children is very careful.
F. MY PARENT JUST ONLY HAVE 2 DAUGHTER, AND I AM THE OLDER CHILD IN
MY FAMILY. I HAVE A YOUNGER SISTER, AND OUR PERSONALITIES ARE VERY
DIFFERENT.
+ To be honest, my younger sister is very friendly. She is friendlier than me because she is
similar to my mother, who is always sociable with everyone. I take after my father, and it’s
not that we are unfriendly — it’s just because sometimes I find it very difficult to express my
feelings. That’s why my younger sister seems friendlier than me.