Solutions

Question1
If A2B is 30% ionised in an aqueous solution, then the value of van't Hoff factor (i) is _______ × 10−1.

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 29th January Morning Shift

Answer: 16

Solution:
Percent ionisation of A 2B = 30%

The dissociation of A 2B in aqueous solution can be represented as

+ 2−
A 2 B → 2A + B

1 mole of A 2
B produces 2 moles of A and 1 mole of B
+ 2−
ions.

The total number of moles of ions produced (n) from the dissociation is
n = 2 + 1 = 3

The degree of dissociation given that A 2

B is 30% ionised, the degree of dissociation (λ) or degree of ionisation
30
λ = = 0.3
100

Van't Hoff factor (i) can be calculated using the formula,

i = 1 + (n − 1)λ

Substitute the values of n and λ as,

i = 1 + (3 − 1) × 0.3

= 1 + 2 × 0.3

= 1 + 0.6

= 1.6

−1
= 16 × 10

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Question2
When 1 g each of compounds AB and AB are dissolved in 15 g of water separately, they increased the
2

boiling point of water by 2.7 K and 1.5 K respectively. The atomic mass of A (in amu ) is____________
×10 (Nearest integer)
−1

(Given : Molal boiling point elevation constant is 0.5 K kg mol −1

)

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Answer: 25

Solution:

For AB
ΔT b = 2.7 K

2.7 = 1 × 0.5 × m

27
m =
5

Let molar mass of AB = x.

So
1/x 27
× 1000 =
15 5

x = 12.34

For AB 2

ΔT b = 1.5 K

1.5 = 1 × 0.5 × m

m = 3

Let molar mass of AB 2 = y

1/y
So 15
× 1000 = 3

1000
y =
45

y = 22.22

Now let a and b be atomic masses of A and B respectively, then

A + b = 12.34 ...... (i)

A + 2 b = 22.22 ...... (ii)
B = 22.22 − 12.34 = 9.88

Now a = 12.34 − 9.88 = 2.46

−1 −1
= 24.6 × 10 = 25 × 10

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Question3
Sea water, which can be considered as a 6 molar (6M) solution of NaCl , has a density of 2 g mL . The
−1

concentration of dissolved oxygen (O ) in sea water is 5.8 ppm . Then the concentration of dissolved
2

oxygen (O ) in sea water, is x × 10 m.

2
−4

x = ___________. (Nearest integer)

Given: Molar mass of NaCl is 58.5 g mol

−1

Molar mass of O is 32 g mol

−1
2

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 4th April Evening Shift

Answer: 2

Solution:
Sea water is 6 Molar in NaCl , So 1000 ml of sea water contains 6 mol of NaCl .

mass of solution = Volume × density

= 1000 × 2

mass of solution = 2000 g

mass of O 2 6
ppm = × 10
2000

mass of O 2
= 5.8 × 2 × 10
−3

−2
= 1.16 × 10 g

−2
1.16 × 10 /32
molality for O 2 = × 1000
(2000 − 6 × 58.5)
 1.16 × 10
=
32 × 1649

= 0.000219

−4
= 2.19 × 10

Correct answer ⇒ 2

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Question4
Arrange the following solutions in order of their increasing boiling points.

(i) 10 −4
MNaCl

(ii) 10 −4
M Urea

(iii) 10 −3
MNaCl

(iv) 10 −2
MNaCl

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 22nd January Morning Shift

Options:

A. ( i ) < ( ii ) < ( iii ) < ( iv )

B. (ii) < ( i ) < ( iii ) < ( iv )

C. (iv) < ( iii ) < ( i ) < ( ii )

D. (ii) < (i) ≡ (iii) < (iv)

Answer: B

Solution:

Step 1: Identify the van’t Hoff factor (i) for each solute
NaCl dissociates (ideally) into two ions:
+ −
NaCl → Na + Cl ,

so i ≈ 2.

Urea (CH 4 N2 O ) is a non‐electrolyte (does not dissociate), so i = 1.

Step 2: Effective molar concentration of particles

The total particle concentration for each solution is approximately (i × molarity).

(i) 10 −4
M NaCl

Effective concentration = 2 × 10
−4
= 2 × 10
−4
.

(ii) 10 −4
M Urea

Effective concentration = 1 × 10
−4
= 1 × 10
−4
.

(iii) 10 −3
M NaCl

Effective concentration = 2 × 10
−3
= 2 × 10
−3
.

(iv) 10 −2
M NaCl

Effective concentration = 2 × 10
−2
= 2 × 10
−2
.

Step 3: Compare to rank the boiling points

A larger total particle concentration (and hence larger colligative effect) corresponds to a higher boiling point. Arrange from lowest to highest:
Lowest: 10 −4
M Urea [1 × 10 −4
]

Next: 10 −4
M NaCl [2 × 10 −4
]

Next: 10 −3
M NaCl [2 × 10 −3
]

Highest: 10 −2
M NaCl [2 × 10 −2
]

Hence, in the format (ii) < (i) < (iii) < (iv).

Final Answer
(ii) < (i) < (iii) < (iv) (Option B)

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Question5
Consider a binary solution of two volatile liquid components 1 and 2. x and y are the mole fractions of 1 1

component 1 in liquid and vapour phase, respectively. The slope and intercept of the linear plot of vs 1

x1
1
are given respectively as :
y1

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 23rd January Evening Shift

Options:
0 0 0
P P −P
A. P
1
0
,
1

P
0
2

2 2

0 0 0
P P −P
B. P
2
0
,
2

P
0
1

1 2

0 0 0
P P −P
C. P
2
0
,
1

P
0
2

1 2

0 0 0
P P −P
D. P
1
0
,
2

P
0
1

2 2

Answer: D

Solution:
For a binary solution of two volatile liquid components labeled 1 and 2, let x and y represent the mole fractions of component 1 in the liquid and vapor phases,
1 1

respectively. The linear relationship between the inverse of these mole fractions is plotted as versus .1

x1
1

y1

To derive the slope and intercept of this linear plot, consider the following calculations:

Using Raoult's Law for a Liquid Solution:

For a liquid solution with volatile components 1 and 2:

o
P1 = PT ⋅ y1 = P ⋅ x1
1

Therefore:
o
PT P
1
=
x1 y1

Rearranging the Equation:

By substituting and rearranging, we have:

o o o o
P +x 1 (P −P ) P
2 1 2 1
=
x1 y1

Simplifying further:
o o
P P
2 o o 1
+ (P 1 − P 2 ) =
x1 y1

Expressing x1
1
:

Solving for 1

x1
, we obtain:
o o o
P P −P
1 1 1 2 1
= ( o )( ) + ( o )
x1 P y1 P
2 2
Determining the Slope and Intercept:

The slope of the line is:

o
P
Slope = P
1
o
2

The intercept of the line is:

o o
P −P
Intercept = 2

P
o
1

o o o

In summary, for the plot of against , the slope is

P
and the intercept is
P −P
1

x1
1

y1 P
1
o
2

P
o
1
.
2 2

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Question6
When a non-volatile solute is added to the solvent, the vapour pressure of the solvent decreases by 10
mm of Hg . The mole fraction of the solute in the solution is 0.2 . What would be the mole fraction of the
solvent if decrease in vapour pressure is 20 mm of Hg ?

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 23rd January Evening Shift

Options:

A. 0.2

B. 0.4

C. 0.8

D. 0.6

Answer: D

Solution:
When a non-volatile solute is added to a solvent, it causes the vapour pressure of the solvent to decrease. In this scenario, when the vapour pressure decreases by 10
mm of Hg, the mole fraction of the solute in the solution is 0.2.

By understanding the relationship between vapour pressure change and mole fraction, we see that:

The change in vapour pressure (P ∘

− P ) is directly proportional to the mole fraction of the solute (X solute ).

Therefore, if a 10 mm of Hg decrease corresponds to a mole fraction of 0.2, then a 20 mm of Hg decrease would correspond to a mole fraction of 0.4.

To find the mole fraction of the solvent (X solvent ), we use the formula:

X solvent = 1 − X solute

Substituting the value we found:

X solvent = 1 − 0.4 = 0.6

Thus, when the vapour pressure decreases by 20 mm of Hg, the mole fraction of the solvent is 0.6.

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Question7
Consider the given plots of vapour pressure (VP) vs temperature(T/K). Which amongst the following
options is correct graphical representation showing ΔT , depression in the freezing point of a solvent in f

a solution?

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 24th January Morning Shift

Options:

A.
B.

C.

D.
Answer: C

Solution:
On adding non-volatile solute in a solvent, the freezing point of solution decreases.
0
Tf < T
f

F.P. of solution < F.P. of pure solvent

Also V.P. of solution decreases on adding nonvolatile solute in a solvent.

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Question8
What is the freezing point depression constant of a solvent, 50 g of which contain 1 g non volatile solute
(molar mass 256 g mol ) and the decrease in freezing point is 0.40 K ?
−1

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 28th January Morning Shift

Options:

A. 4.43 K kg mol −1

B. 3.72 K kg mol −1

C. 5.12 K kg mol
−1

D. 1.86 K kg mol −1

Answer: C

Solution:

To find the freezing point depression constant (K ) of the solvent, we use the formula for freezing point depression:
f

ΔT f = K f ⋅ m

Given:

The decrease in freezing point ΔT is 0.40 K.

f

The mass of the solute is 1 g and its molar mass is 256 g/mol.

The mass of the solvent is 50 g (or 0.050 kg).

First, calculate the molality (m):

Molality is defined as the moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.

Calculate moles of solute:

1 g
Moles of solute =
256 g/mol =
1

256
mol

Calculate molality (m):

 1
mol
m =
256

0.050 kg
=
1

256×0.050
mol/kg

Now, substitute into the formula to find K : f

1
0.4 = K f ⋅
256×0.050

Solving for K : f

K f = 0.4 ⋅ 256 × 0.050 = 5.12 K kg/mol

Thus, the freezing point depression constant of the solvent is 5.12 K kg/mol.

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Question9
Assume a living cell with 0.9% (w/w) of glucose solution (aqueous). This cell is immersed in another
solution having equal mole fraction of glucose and water.
(Consider the data upto first decimal place only)

The cell will :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 28th January Evening Shift

Options:

A. shrink since solution is 0.45%(ω/ω) as a result of association of glucose molecules (due to hydrogen bonding)

B. shrink since solution is 0.5%(ω/ω)

C. show no change in volume since solution is 0.9%(ω/ω)

D. swell up since solution is 1%(ω/ω)

Answer: A

Solution:
Living cell = 0.9gm in 100 gm of solution %w/w = 0.9

Solution is have equal moles of glucose and water = 0.5

Weight of solution = 0.5 × 180 + 0.5 × 18 = 99gm %w/w ≃ 90%

Concentrated solution = Cell will shrink

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Question10
1.24 g of AX2 (molar mass 124 g mol−1) is dissolved in 1 kg of water to form a solution with boiling
point of 100.015°C, while 25.4 g of AY2 (molar mass 250 g mol−1) in 2 kg of water constitutes a solution
with a boiling point of 100.0260°C.

Kb(H2O) = 0.52 kg mol−1

Which of the following is correct?

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 29th January Morning Shift

Options:

A.
AX2 and AY2 (both) are completely unionised.

B.
AX2 and AY2 (both) are fully ionised.

C.
AX2 is completely unionised while AY2 is fully ionised.

D.
AX2 is fully ionised while AY2 is completely unionised.

Answer: D

Solution:

Mass of Ax 2
= 1.24 g (solute)

Molarmass of AX
−1
2 = 124 g mol

Mass of water = 1 kg (solvent.)

Boiling point of water = 100 ∘

C

Boiling point of water after adding solute AX 2 = 100.0156 C

∘

Mass of AY 2 = 25.4 g (solute)

Molarmass of AY 2
= 250 g mol
−1

Mass of water = 2 kg (Solvent)

Boiling point of water ∓100 ∘

C

Boiling point of water after adding solute Ay 2 = 100.0260 C

∘

−1 ∘ −1
K b (H 2 O) = 0.52 K kg mol = 0.520 Ckgmol

The ionisation of Ax and AY can be determined by calculating Van't Hoff factor.

2 2

The phenomenon given in the question is elevation in boiling point. The boiling point of solvent increases when another compound (solute) is added to it.

Relation: ΔT b = Kb ⋅ i ⋅ m

0
ΔT b = T b − T
b

ΔT b → Boiling point elevation

Tb → Boiling point of solution (solvent + solute)

T
0
b
→ Boiling point of solvent

Kb → Molal elevation constant

i → Van't Hoff factor

Number of moles Mass
m → Molality =
kg of solvent
, Moles =
Molarmass

For AX and AY (solute), Van't Hoff factor represents how many particles a solute dissociates into when dissolved in a solvent (water).
2 2

For non-electrolytes, i = 1

AX 2 :

mass 1.249
Moles = = = 0.01 mol
molarmass 124 g mol
−1

Moles 0.01 mol

Molality =
−1
= = 0.01 mol kg
k of solvent g 1 kg

ΔT b = K b × i × m

ΔT b
i =
kb × m
0
Tb − T
b
=
Kb × m

Substitute values as.,

∘ ∘
(100.0156 C − 100 C)
i =
∘ −1 −1
0.52 C kg mol × 0.01 mol kg
∘
0.0156 C
= = 3
∘
0.52 × 0.01 C

i = 3 means, there are 3 particles in solution after AX dissolved in water. 2

 + −
Ax 2 → 1A + 2X (1 + 2 = 3)

Ax 2 is completely ionised.
AY 2 :

Mass 25.4 g
Moles = = = 0.1016 mol
Molarmass 250g mol

Moles 0.1016 mol

Molality
−1
= = = 0.050.8 mol kg
kgof
−1
solvent 2 kg

2
ΔT b = k b × l × m

ΔT b
i =
kb × m
0
Tb − T
b
=
kb × m

Substitute values as,

∘ ∘
(100.0260 C−100 C)
i = ∘ −1 −1
0.52 C kg mol ×0.0508 mol kg

∘
0.0260 C
= ∘
0.52×0.0508 C

= 0.98

≈ 1

i = 1 means AY is completely unionised.

2

Ay 2 not give ionised particles when dissolved in water.

So, AX is completely ionised and AY is completely unionised.

2 2

Answer: Option 4) Ax is fully ionised, AY is completely unionised.

2 2

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Question11
Given below are two statements :

Statement (I): NaCl is added to the ice at 0°C, present in the ice cream box to prevent the melting of ice
cream.

Statement (II): On addition of NaCl to ice at 0°C, there is a depression in freezing point.

In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 29th January Evening Shift

Options:

A.
Both Statement I and Statement II are false

B.
Statement I is true but Statement II is false

C.
Both Statement I and Statement II are true

D.
Statement I is false but Statement II is true

Answer: C

Solution:
Statement I : Correct

NaCl addition to ice causes preventing the melting of ice. On adding NaCl to ice, freezing point lowers. This creates a colder mixture, preventing the ice cream from
melting.
Melting point of ice is 0 C. When only ice is used to make ice cream, at 0 C ice starts melting by absorbing the energy from its environment in the form of heat.
∘ ∘

Addition of salt to ice while making the cream lowers the freezing point of the ice, allowing it to reach a colder temperature and thus the ice cream mixture freezes
properly, So, the salt causes ice to melt at a lower temperature than pure ice.

Statement II : Correct

Decrease in freezing point while addition of NaCl to ice at 0 C is due to the colligative property depression in freezing point.
∘

So, both the statements are correct.

Both statement I and statement II are true.

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Question12
Which of the following graph correctly represents the plots of K at 1 bar for gases in water versus H

temperature?

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 2nd April Morning Shift

Options:

A.

B.

C.
D.

Answer: B

Solution:
As temperature increases solubility first decrease then increase hence K first increase than decrease also at moderate temperature K value He > N
H H 2 > CH 4 .

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Question13
A solution is made by mixing one mole of volatile liquid A with 3 moles of volatile liquid B. The vapour
pressure of pure A is 200 mm Hg and that of the solution is 500 mm Hg . The vapour pressure of pure B
and the least volatile component of the solution, respectively, are:

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 2nd April Morning Shift

Options:

A. 1400 mm Hg, A

B. 1400 mm Hg, B

C. 600 mm Hg, A

D. 600 mm Hg, B

Answer: C

Solution:

Given:

1 mole of volatile liquid A

3 moles of volatile liquid B

Vapor pressure of pure A, P o

A
= 200 mm Hg

Vapor pressure of the solution, P S

= 500 mm Hg

We apply Raoult's law, which states:

o o
PS = P ⋅ XA + P ⋅ XB
A B

Where:

XA is the mole fraction of A

XB is the mole fraction of B

P
o
B
is the vapor pressure of pure liquid B

Calculate the mole fractions:

1 1
XA = =
1+3 4

3 3
XB = =
1+3 4

Plug these into the equation:

1 o 3
500 = 200 × + P ×
4 B 4

Simplifying:
3 o
500 = 50 + P
4 B

Subtract 50 from both sides:

3 o
450 = P
4 B

Multiply both sides by 4

3
to solve for P : o
B

P
o
B
= 600 mm Hg

Since P o
A
< P
o
B
, liquid A is the least volatile component.

In conclusion:

The vapor pressure of pure B, P , is 600 mm Hg. o

B

The least volatile component is A.

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Question14
' x ' g of NaCl is added to water in a beaker with a lid. The temperature of the system is raised from
1 C to 25 C. Which out of the following plots, is best suited for the change in the molarity (M) of the
∘ ∘

solution with respect to temperature ?

[Consider the solubility of NaCl remains unchanged over the temperature range]

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 2nd April Evening Shift

Options:

A.
B.

C.

D.
Answer: D

Solution:

When x grams of NaCl are added to water in a beaker and the temperature is increased from 1 ∘
C to 25 ∘
, the molarity of the solution changes due to the volumetric
C

changes of water.

Temperature from 1 ∘
C to 4 ∘
C :

Water is densest at 4 ∘
C .

As the temperature increases from 1 ∘

C to 4 ∘
, the water volume decreases due to increased density.
C

This decrease in volume results in an increase in molarity because molarity is inversely proportional to the solution's volume.

Temperature from 4 ∘
C to 25 ∘
C :

Beyond 4 ∘
, water expands with an increase in temperature.
C

Therefore, as temperature rises to 25 ∘

C , the volume of the water increases.

The dilution leads to a decrease in molarity, since molarity is inversely proportional to volume.

Thus, the molarity first increases as temperature rises to 4 C, but then decreases as it continues to 25 C. The graphical representation of this relationship would
∘ ∘

exhibit an initial increase in molarity, followed by a decrease, correlating with changes in the volume of water due to temperature variations.

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Question15
Which of the following properties will change when system containing solution 1 will become solution 2
?

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 3rd April Morning Shift

Options:

A. Molar heat capacity

B. Concentration

C. Gibbs free energy

D. Density
Answer: C

Solution:
Both solutions contain the same composition, specifically 1 mole of 'x' in 1 liter of water. This means all intensive properties, such as concentration and density, will
remain unchanged. However, because the total quantity of solution is greater in Solution 1 compared to Solution 2, the extensive properties will differ. Consequently,
Gibbs free energy will change as it is an extensive property.

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Question16
2 moles each of ethylene glycol and glucose are dissolved in 500 g of water. The boiling point of the
resulting solution is:(Given : Ebullioscopic constant of water = 0.52 K kg mol ) −1

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 3rd April Morning Shift

Options:

A. 377.3 K

B. 379.2 K

C. 375.3 K

D. 277.3 K

Answer: A

Solution:

Boiling Point Elevation Formula:

ΔT b = i 1 ⋅ m 1 ⋅ K b + i 2 ⋅ m 2 ⋅ K b

where:

i1 and i are the van't Hoff factors for ethylene glycol and glucose, respectively (both are 1 since they do not dissociate in solution).
2

m1 and m are the molalities of ethylene glycol and glucose, respectively.

2

is the ebullioscopic constant of water (0.52 K kg mol ).

−1
Kb

Calculate Molality:

Each solute has 2 moles dissolved in 500 grams of water (0.5 kg):
moles
mol kg
2 −1
m1 = = 4
kg
0.5

moles
mol kg
2 −1
m2 = = 4
kg
0.5

Substitute into the Formula:

ΔT b = 1 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 0.52 + 1 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 0.52 = 4.16

Determine Boiling Point of Solution:

The normal boiling point of water is 373.16 K.

Add the boiling point elevation to the normal boiling point:

Tb ( solution) = 373.16 + 4.16 = 377.3 K

Thus, the boiling point of the resulting solution is 377.3 K.

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Question17
XY is the membrane/partition between two chambers 1 and 2 containing sugar solutions of
concentration c and c (c > c )molL . For the reverse osmosis to take place identify the correct
1 2 1 2
−1

condition.

(Here p and p are pressures applied on chamber 1 and 2 ).

1 2
A. Membrane/Partition : Cellophane, p 1 > π

B. Membrane/Partition : Porous, p 2 > π

C. Membrane/Partition : Parchment paper, p 1 > π

D. Membrane/Partition : Cellophane, p 2 > π

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 4th April Morning Shift

Options:

A. A and C Only

B. A and D Only

C. B and D Only

D. C Only

Answer: A

Solution:

Normal osmosis occurs from (2) to (1)

For reverse osmosis from (1) to (2)

Pressure : P 1 > π

∴ Answer [A & C] only

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Question18
Given below are two statements:
Statement (I) : Molal depression constant K is given by
M 1 RT f
f
Δ S f us
, where symbols have their usual
meaning.

Statement (II) : K for benzene is less than the K for water.

f f

In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 4th April Evening Shift

Options:

A. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect

B. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect

C. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

D. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

Answer: A

Solution:
Statement-I
2
M 1 RT
Molar depression constant k f =
ΔH fus
f

M 1 RT f
kf =
ΔH f us
[ ]
T
f

M 1 RT f
kf =
Δ S fus

Hence statement-I is correct

∘

but k for benzene = 5.12

f
molal
C

kf for water = 1.86 molal

C
Hence statement- II is incorrect

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Question19
Match List - I with List - II.

List - I List - II
(A) Solution of chloroform and acetone (I) Minimum boiling azeotrope
(B) Solution of ethanol and water (II) Dimerizes
(C) Solution of benzene and toluene (III) Maximum boiling azeotrope
(D) Solution of acetic acid in benzene (IV) ΔVmix = 0

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 7th April Evening Shift

Options:

A.
(A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)

B.
(A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
C.
(A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)

D.
(A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)

Answer: A

Solution:
To correctly match the items from List - I with those in List - II, let's analyze the characteristics of each solution:

(A) Solution of chloroform and acetone: This solution exhibits negative deviation from Raoult's law. It creates a maximum boiling azeotrope because the
interactions between chloroform and acetone molecules are stronger than those in the pure components.

(B) Solution of ethanol and water: This solution shows positive deviation from Raoult's law, leading to the formation of a minimum boiling azeotrope. The
interactions between ethanol and water molecules are weaker than those in their pure states.

(C) Solution of benzene and toluene: This combination forms an ideal solution where Raoult’s law is obeyed across all concentrations. Thus, the volume change
upon mixing, denoted as ΔV mix , is zero.

(D) Solution of acetic acid in benzene: In this mixture, acetic acid tends to dimerize. The acetic acid molecules pair up, forming dimers, especially in non-polar
solvents like benzene.

Based on these explanations, the correct matches are:

(A) - (III)

(B) - (I)

(C) - (IV)

(D) - (II)

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Question20
Liquid A and B form an ideal solution. The vapour pressures of pure liquids A and B are 350 and 750
mm Hg respectively at the same temperature. If x and x are the mole fraction of A and B in solution
A B

while y and y are the mole fraction of A and B in vapour phase, then,
A B

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 7th April Evening Shift

Options:

A.
(x A − y A ) < (x B − y B )

B.
xA yA
=
xB yB

C.
xA yA
<
xB yB

D.
xA yA
>
xB yB

Answer: D

Solution:
Liquid A and B form an ideal solution. The vapor pressures of pure liquids A and B are 350 mm Hg and 750 mm Hg, respectively, at the same temperature. Here, x A

and x represent the mole fractions of A and B in the solution, and y and y are their mole fractions in the vapor phase.
B A B

Let’s begin by comparing the vapor pressures:

o o
P < P
A B
 o
P
A
o < 1
P
B

The relationship between the mole fractions in the vapor phase and the solution can be expressed as:
o
yA P xA
A
= o ⋅
yB P xB
B

o
P
Since P
A
o < 1 , it follows that:
B

y
A
y
B
x
A
< 1
x
B

Which implies:
yA xA
<
yB xB

This indicates that the mole fraction ratio of A to B in the vapor phase is less than that in the solution.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question21
Which of the following binary mixture does not show the behaviour of minimum boiling azeotropes?

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 8th April Evening Shift

Options:

A.

B.

C.

D.

Answer: B

Solution:
A binary mixture of C6H5OH and C6H5NH2 exhibits negative deviation from Raoult's law. This means that the vapor pressure of the solution is lower than the vapor
pressures of the pure components, C6H5OH and C6H5NH2 .Consequently, the boiling point of the solution is higher than the boiling points of the pure substances.
Therefore, this mixture forms a maximum boiling azeotrope.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question22
+ −
HA(aq) ⇌ H (aq) + A (aq)

The freezing point depression of a 0.1 m aqueous solution of a monobasic weak acid HA is 0.20 °C. The
dissociation constant for the acid is

Given: K (H2O) = 1.8 K kg mol−1, molality ≡ molarity

f

JEE Main 2025 (Online) 8th April Evening Shift

Options:

A.
−3
1.90 × 10

B.
−3
1.38 × 10

C.
−2
1.1 × 10

D.
−1
1.89 × 10

Answer: B

Solution:

Freezing Point Depression:

ΔT f = i × K f × m

Given:

ΔT f = 0.2 °C, K f = 1.8 K kg mol −1

, m = 0.1 m

Substituting the given values:

0.2 = i × 1.8 × 0.1

Solving for i:
0.2 20 10
i = = =
1.8×0.1 18 9

Degree of Dissociation (α):

For the reaction HA ⇌ H +

+ A
−
:

i = 1 + α

Given i = 10

9
:
10
= 1 + α
9

1
α =
9

Dissociation Constant (K ): eq

+ −
[H ][A ]
K eq =
[H A]

At equilibrium:
+ − 1
[H ] = [A ] = α × C = × 0.1
9

1
[H A] = 0.1 × (1 − α) = 0.1 × (1 − )
9

Substituting these into K : eq

1 2
(0.1× )
9
K eq = 1
0.1×(1− )
9

Simplifying:
1
0.1×( )
81 1
K eq = 8
=
0.1× 720
9

Therefore:
−3
K eq = 1.38 × 10

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Question23
A solution of two miscible liquids showing negative deviation from Raoult's law will have :

[27-Jan-2024 Shift 1]
Options:

A.
increased vapour pressure, increased boiling point

B.
increased vapour pressure, decreased boiling point

C.
decreased vapour pressure, decreased boiling point

D.
decreased vapour pressure, increased boiling point

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution with negative deviation has

If vapour pressure decreases so boiling point increases.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question24
The quantity which changes with temperature is:

[27-Jan-2024 Shift 2]
Options:

A.
Molarity

B.
Mass percentage

C.
Molality

D.
Mole fraction

Answer: A

Solution:

Since volume depends on temperature, molarity will change upon change in temperature.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question25
A solution of H2SO4 is 31.4% H2SO4 by mass and has a density of 1.25g∕mL. The molarity of
the H2SO4 solution is M (nearest integer) [Given molar mass of H2SO4 = 98gmol−1]

[29-Jan-2024 Shift 1]

Answer: 4

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question26
The osmotic pressure of a dilute solution is 7 × 105Pa at 273K. Osmotic pressure of the same solution
at 283K is × 104Nm−2.

[29-Jan-2024 Shift 1]

Answer: 72.56

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question27
Molality of 0.8MH2SO4 solution (density 1.06gcm−3) is ____ × 10−3m.

[29-Jan-2024 Shift 2]

Answer: 815

Solution:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question28
What happens to freezing point of benzene when small quantity of napthalene is added to benzene?

[30-Jan-2024 Shift 1]
Options:

A.
Increases

B.
Remains unchanged

C.
First decreases and then increases

D.
Decreases

Answer: D

Solution:
On addition of naphthalene to benzene there is depression in freezing point of benzene.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question29
The mass of sodium acetate (CH3COONa) required to prepare 250mL of 0.35M aqueous solution is
______g. (Molar mass of CH3COONa is 82.02gmol−1)

[30-Jan-2024 Shift 1]

Answer: 7

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question30
The solution from the following with highest depression in freezing point/lowest freezing point is

[30-Jan-2024 Shift 2]
Options:

A.
180g of acetic acid dissolved in water

B.
180g of acetic acid dissolved in benzene

C.
180g of benzoic acid dissolved in benzene

D.
180g of glucose dissolved in water

Answer: A

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question31
If a substance ' A ' dissolves in solution of a mixture of ' B ' and ' C ' with their respective number of
moles as nA, nB and nC, mole fraction of C in the solution is:

[30-Jan-2024 Shift 2]
Options:

A.

B.

C.
D.

Answer: B

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question32
Identify the mixture that shows positive deviations from Raoult's Law

[31-Jan-2024 Shift 1]
Options:

A.
(CH3)2CO + C6H5NH2

B.
CHCl3 + C6H6

C.
CHCl3 + (CH3)2CO

D.
(CH3)2CO + CS2

Answer: D

Solution:

(CH3)2CO + CS2 Exibits positive deviations from Raoult's Law

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question33
We have three aqueous solutions of NaCl labelled as ' A ', ' B ' and ' C ' with concentration 0.1M, 0.01M
& 0.001M, respectively. The value of van t' Haft factor (i) for these solutions will be in the order.

[1-Feb-2024 Shift 1]
Options:

A.
i A < iB < iC

B.
i A < iC < iB

C.
i A = iB = iC

D.
i A > iB > iC

Answer: A

Solution:

Values of i (for different conc. of a Salt)

Salt
0.1 M 0.01M 0.001M
NaCl 1.87 1.94 1.94

i approach 2 as the solution become very dilute.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question34
Mass of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) to be added to 18.6kg of water to protect the freezing point
at −24∘C is_____ kg (Molar mass in gmol−1 for ethylene glycol 62,Kf of water = 1.86K kgmol−1)

[1-Feb-2024 Shift 2]

Answer: 15

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question35
In the depression of freezing point experiment
A. Vapour pressure of the solution is less than that of pure solvent
B. Vapour pressure of the solution is more than that of pure solvent
C. Only solute molecules solidify at the freezing point
D. Only solvent molecules solidify at the freezing point
[24-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. A and D only

B. B and C only

C. A and C only

D. A only
Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:

Vapour pressure (V.P.) of solvent is greater than vapour pressure (V.P.) of solution.
Only solvent freezes.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question36
The Total pressure observed by mixing two liquid A and B is 350 mm Hg when their mole fractions are
0.7 and 0.3 respectively.
The Total pressure becomes 410 mm Hg if the mole fractions are changed to 0.2 and 0.8 respectively for
A and B. The vapour pressure of pure A is____ mm Hg. (Nearest integer)
Consider the liquids and solutions behave ideally.
[24-Jan-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 314

Solution:
Solution:
Let V.P. of pure A be PA0
Let V.P of pure B be PB0
When XA = 0.7&XB = 0.3
P s = 350
⇒ PA0 × 0.7 + PB0 × 0.3 = 350 . . . (i)
When XA = 0.2&XB = 0.8
P s = 410
⇒ PA0 × 0.2 + PB0 × 0.8 = 410 . . . (ii)
Solving (i) and (ii)
PA0 = 314 mm Hg
PB0 = 434 mm Hg
= (314)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question37
The osmotic pressure of solutions of PVC in cyclohexanone at 300K are plotted on the graph.
The molar mass of PVC is _________ g mol−1
(Nearest integer)
 −1 −1
(Given : R = 0.083L atm K mol )
[25-Jan-2023 Shift 1]

Answer: 41500

Solution:

Solution:
π = M′ RT = ( WV∕ M ) RT
π= (
V ) ( M)
RT = C (
M)
W 1 RT
⇒
π RT
⇒ = ≠ f(c)
C M
π
If we assume graph between and C
C

Assuming π vs C graph
Slope = RT = 0.083 × 300 = 6 × 10−4
M M
∴ M = 0.083 × −4 300 = 830 × 300
6 × 10 6
= 41, 500 gm ∕ mole

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question38
The number of pairs of the solution having the same value of the osmotic pressure from the following is
________.
(Assume 100\% ionization)
A. 0.500MC2H5 OH(aq) and 0.25M KBr(aq)
B. 0.100MK4[Fe(CN)6] (aq) and 0.100M FeSO4(NH4)2SO4(aq)
C. 0.05MK4[Fe(CN)6](aq) and 0.25M NaCl (aq)
D. 0.15M NaCl(aq) and 0.1MBaCl2 (aq)
E. 0.02M KCl . MgCl2.6H2O(aq) and 0.05M KCl(aq)
[25-Jan-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 4

Solution:

Solution:
π = iCRT
π ∝ iC
A, B, D and E have same value of osmatic pressure.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question39
Based on the given figure, the number of correct statement ∕ s is/are _______

A. Surface tension is the outcome of equal attractive and repulsion forces acting on the liquid molecule
in bulk.
B. Surface tension is due to uneven forces acting on the molecules present on the surface.
C. The molecule in the bulk can never come to the liquid surface.
D. The molecules on the surface are responsible for vapour pressure if the system is a closed system.
[25-Jan-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 2

Solution:
Solution:
B and D options are correct.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question40
Solid Lead nitrate is dissolved in 1 litre of water. The solution was found to boil at 100.15∘ C. When
0.2 mol of NaCl is added to the resulting solution, it was observed that the solution froze at −0.8∘ C. The
solubility product of PbCl2 formed is ________ ×10−6 at 298K. (Nearest integer)
Given : Kb = 0.5K kg mol−1 and Kf = 1.8 kg mol−1.
Assume molality to be equal to molarity in all cases.
[29-Jan-2023 Shift 1]

Answer: 13

Solution:
Solution:
Let a mole Pb(NO3)2 be added
Pb(NO3)2 → Pb2+ + 2NO3−
a a 2a
∆Tb = 0.15 = 0.5[3a] ⇒ a = 0.1
Pb(aq)2+ + 2Cl(aq)− → PbCl2( s)
t = 0 0.1 0.2
t = ∞ (0.1 − x) (0.2 − 2x)
In final solution
∆ Tf = 0.8 = 1.8 [
0.3 − 3x + 0.2 + 0.2
1 ]
2.3
⇒x=
27

(
⇒ K sp = 0.1 −
2.3
27 )(
0.2 −
4.6 2 13
27 )
= × 10
−6
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question41
Match List I with List II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

[29-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

B. A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV

C. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

D. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
(A) van't Hoff factor, i
Normal molar mass
i=
Abnormal molar mass
(B) kf = Cryoscopic constant
(C) Solutions with same osmotic pressure are known as isotonic solutions.
(D) Solutions with same composition of vapour over them are called Azeotrope.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question42
Match List-I and List-II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[29-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. A-I, B-III, C-IV, D-II

B. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

C. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

D. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
A. Osmosis III
B. Reverse osmosis I
C. Electro osmosis IV
D. Electrophoresis II

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question43
A solution containing 2g of a non-volatile solute in 20g of water boils at 373.52K. The molecular mass of
−1
the solute is ________ gmol . (Nearest integer)
−1
Given, water boils at 373K, Kb for water = 0.52K kg mol
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 1]

Answer: 100

Solution:
Solution:
∆Tb = 373.52 − 373
= 0.52
∆Tb = Kb ⋅ m
2 1
0.52 = 0.52× ×
Molar Mass 20 × 10−3
Molar Mass = 100g ∕ mol

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question44
A 300 mL bottle of soft drink has 0.2MCO2 dissolved in it. Assuming CO2 behaves as an ideal gas, the
volume of the dissolved CO2 at STP is _______ mL. (Nearest integer)
Given: At STP, molar volume of an ideal gas is
−1
22.7Lmol
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 1]

Answer: 1362

Solution:
Solution:
Mole of CO2 = 0.2M × (300 × 10−3)L
= 0.06 Mole
Volume of 0.06 mole CO2 at S.T.P
= 0.06 × 22.7
= 1.362L

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question45
Lead storage battery contains 38% by weight solution of H2SO4. The van't Hoff factor is 2.67 at this
concentration. The temperature in Kelvin at which the solution in the battery will freeze is _______
(Nearest integer).
−1
Given Kf = 1.8K kg mol
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 243

Solution:

Solution:
∆ Tf = i . Kf ⋅ m
38 1000
⇒ ∆ Tf = 2.67 × 1.8× ×
98 62
⇒ ∆ Tf = 30.05
∴ F.P. = 243K

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question46
The total pressure of a mixture of non-reacting gases X (0.6g) and Y (0.45g) in a vessel is 740 mm of Hg.
The partial pressure of the gas X is mm of Hg. (Nearest Integer)
−1
(Given : molar mass X = 20 and Y = 45gmol )
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 1]

Answer: 555

Solution:

Solution:
PT
PX = χX
0.6
20
= × 740
0.6 0.45
+
20 45
PX = 555 mm Hg

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question47
At 27∘ C, a solution containing 2.5g of solute in 250.0 mL of solution exerts an osmotic pressure of
−1
400 Pa. The molar mass of the solute is _______ g mol (Nearest integer)
−1 −1
(Given : R = 0.083L bar K mol )
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 1]

Answer: 62250

Solution:

Solution:
π = CRT
2.5g
400 Pa M∘ L − bar
= × 0.83 × 300K
10 5 250 ∕ 1000L K ⋅ mol
M 0 = 62250

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question48
Evaluate the following statements for their correctness.
(A) The elevation in boiling point temperature of water will be same for 0.1M NaCl and 0.1M urea.
(B) Azeotropic mixtures boil without change in their composition
(C) Osmosis always takes place from hypertonic to hypotonic solution
−1
(D) The density of 32% H2SO4 solution having molarity 4.09M is approximately 1.26gmL
(E) A negatively charged sol is obtained when KI solution is added to silver nitrate solution.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Options:

A. B, D, and E only

B. A, B, and D only

C. A and C only

D. B and D only

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
(A) ∆Tb ∝ i × c
(B) Azeotropic mixtures have same composition in both liquid and vapour phase.
(C) Osmosis always takes place from hypotonic to hypertonic solution.
30 × 10 × 1.26
(D) M = ≈ 4.09M
98
(E) When KI solutions is added to AgNO3 solution, positively charged solution results due to adsorption of Ag ions iom dispersion medium
AgI ∕ Ag+
Positively charged

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question49
20% of acetic acid is dissociated when its 5g is added to 500 mL of water. The depression in freezing
−3
point of such water is _______ ×10 ∘ C. Atomic mass of C, H and O are 12,1 and 16 a.m.u.
respectively.
[Given : Molal depression constant and density of respectively.
[1-Feb-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 372

Solution:

Solution:
i = 1 + (n − 1)α
( i = 1 + 0.2(2 − 1) = 1.2
∆ Tf = iKfm
5 × 1000
∆ Tf = 1.2 × 1.86×
60 × 500
 ∆ tf = 3.72
−2
∆ Tf = 372 × 10

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question50
Mass of Urea (NH2CONH2) required to be dissolved in 1000g of water to reduce the vapour pressure of
water by 25% is......g. (Nearest integer)
−1
Given: Molar mass of N, C, O and H are 14, 12,16 and 12mol respectively.
[6-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 1111

Solution:

Solution:
x
P0 − P s n solute 60 P0 − 0.75P0
= = =
Ps n solvent 1000 0.75P0
18
10000
⇒x = = 1111 gm
9

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question51
Consider the following pairs of solution which will be isotonic at the same temperature. The number of
pairs of solutions is/are..........
A. 1M aq. NaCl and 2M aq. Urea
B. 1M aq. CaCl2 and 1.5M aq. KCl
C. 1.5M aq. AlCl3 and 2M aq. Na2SO4
D. 2.5M aq. KCl and 1M aq. Al2(SO4)3
[6-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 4

Solution:

Solution:
π = icRT
A, B, C and D are isotonic pairs.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question52
The vapour pressure vs. temperature curve for a solution solvent system is shown below:

The boiling point of the solvent is _______ ∘ C

[8-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 82

Solution:
Solution:
∘
Boiling point of solvent is 82 C
Boiling point of solvent is 83∘C

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question53
If the boiling points of two solvents X and Y (having same molecular weights) are in the ratio 2 : 1 and
their enthalpy of vaporizations are in the ratio 1 : 2, then the boiling point elevation constant of X is m
times the boiling point elevation constant of Y . The value of m is _______ (nearest integer)
[8-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 8

Solution:

Solution:
RTb2m
Kb =
1000 ∆ Hvap
(Kb)x (Tb2M)x (∆H)y
( 21 ) × ( 21 ) = 81
2
= × =
(Kb)y (T 2M) (∆H)x
b y

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question54
If the degree of dissociation of aqueous solution of weak monobasic acid is determined to be 0.3 , then
the observed freezing point will be ________ % higher than the expected/theoretical freezing point.
(Nearest integer)
[10-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Answer: 30

Solution:
Solution:
For mono basic acid →n = 2
i = 1 + (n − 1)α = 1 + (2 − 1)0.3
i = 1.3
(∆Tf)obs − (∆Tf)cal
% increase = × 100
(∆Tf)cal
K × i × m − Kf × m
= f × 100
Kf × m
i−1
= × 100 = 30%
1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question55
An aqueous solution of volume 300cm3 contains 0.63g of protein. The osmotic pressure of the solution at
−1 −1 −1
300 K is 1.29 mbar. The molar mass of the protein is _______ gmol Given : R = 0.083L bar K mol
[10-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 40535

Solution:
Solution:
∵ π = CRT
n
π= RT
V
ω RT
π=
V M
ω RT
M=
π×V
0.63 × 0.083 × 300
M=
1.29 × 10−3 × 300 × 10−3
M = 40535 gm ∕ moL

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question56
0.004 MK2SO4 solution is isotonic with 0.01M glucose solution. Percentage dissociation of K2SO4 is
(Nearest integer)
[11-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 75

Solution:

Solution:
For isotonic solution
(ic) glucose = (ic)K SO
2 4

0.01 = i(0.004)
0.01 10 5
i= = =
0.004 4 2
5
1 + (n − 1)α =
2
5
1 + (3 − 1)α = (∵n = 3 for K2SO4)
2
2α = 3
2
3
α = → 75%
4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question57
What weight of glucose must be dissolved in 100g of water to lower the vapour pressure by 0.20 mmHg
?
(Assume dilute solution is being formed)
Given : Vapour pressure of pure water is 54.2 mmHg at room temperature. Molar mass of glucose is
−1
180gmol
[11-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. 2.59g

B. 3.59g

C. 3.69g

D. 4.69g

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
P0 − P s n (for dilute solution)
=
P0 N
0.2 n × 18
=
54.2 100
100
n=
271 × 18
w = 100 × 180 ; w = 3.69g
271 × 18

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question58
80 mole percent of MgCl−2 is dissociated in aqueous solution. The vapour pressure of 1.0 molal aqueous
solution of MgCl2 at 38∘ C is _______ mmHg. (Nearest integer)
Given : Vapour pressure of water at 38∘ C is 50 mm Hg.
[12-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 48

Solution:

Solution:
+2
MgCl2 → Mg + 2Cl−
1 − α α 2α
i = 1 + 2α(α = 0.8)
i = 2.6
∆p i × n2
=
p∘ n1
∆ p = 2.34
p s = 47.66
p s ≅ 48
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question59
Solution of 12g of non-electrolyte (A) prepared by dissolving it in 1000 mL of water exerts the same
osmotic pressure as that of 0.05M glucose solution at the same temperature. The empirical formula of A
is CH2O. The molecular mass of A is _________ g. (Nearest integer)
[13-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 240

Solution:

Solution:
πA = π glucose
CA RT = CRT
12 ∕ MA
= 0.05
1
12 1200
MA( Molar mass of A) = = = 240 gm
0.05 5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question60
Sea water contains 29.25%NaCl and 19%MgCl2 by weight of solution. The normal boiling point of the
sea water is _______ ∘ C (Nearest integer)
Assume 100% ionization for both NaCl and MgCl2
−1
Given : Kb(H2O) = 0.52K kg mol
−1
Molar mass of NaCl and MgCl2 is 58.5 and 95gmol respectivley.
[13-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 116

Solution:
Solution:
Amount of solvent = 100 − (29.25 + 19) = 51.75g
∆Tb = [2 × 29.25 × 1000 3 × 19 × 1000
58.5 × 51.75
+
95 × 51.75
× 0.52 ]
∆Tb = 16.075
∆Tb = (Tb) solution − (Tb) solvent
( t ) solution = 100 + 16.07
= 116.07∘C

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question61
The vapour pressure of 30%(w ∕ v) aqueous solution of glucose is _______ mm Hg at 25∘ C.
−3
[Given : The density of 30%(w ∕ v), aqueous solutions of glucose is 1.2gcm and vapour pressure of
pure water is 24 mm Hg.]
−1
(Molar mass of glucose is 180gmol )
[15-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Answer: 23

Solution:

Solution:
24 − Ps m × 18
=
Ps 1000
wt of solute = 30 gm
Volume of solution = 100 mL
wt. of solution = 1.2 × 100 = 120 gm
wt. of solvent = 120 − 30 = 90 gm
30 × 1000
m = 185
180 × 90
24 − P s 1.85 × 18
=
Ps 1000
24 − P s = 0.0333P s
P s(1.033) = 24
Ps = 23.22

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question62
The osmotic pressure of blood is 7.47 bar at 300K. To inject glucose to a patient intravenously, it has to
−1
be isotonic with blood. The concentration of glucose solution in gL is
−1 −1 −1
(Molar mass of glucose = 180gmol , R = 0.083Lbar mol ) _____(Nearest integer)
[24-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 54

Solution:
Solution:
7.47 = C × 0.083 × 300
(π = CRT)
(Where C represents the concentration of glucose solution and π represents osmotic pressure)
7.47 −1
C= (mol L )
0.083 × 300
7.47
which in gm ∕ L = × 180
0.083 × 300
= 54 gm ∕ 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question63
A company dissolves ' x ' amount of CO2 at 298K in 1 litre of water to prepare soda water. X = _______
−3
×10 g. (nearest integer)
(Given : partial pressure of CO2 at 298K = 0.835 bar.
Henry's law constant for CO2 at 298K = 1.67 kbar.
−1
Atomic mass of H, C and O is 1,12 , and 6gmol , respectively)
[24-Jun-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 1221
Solution:
Solution:
According to Henry's law, partial pressure of a gas is given by
Pg = (K H )X g
where X g is mole fraction of gas in solution
0.835 = 1.67 × 103 ( XCO )
2
−4
XCO = 5 × 10
2

Mass of CO2 in 1L water = 1221 × 10−3g

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question64
1L aqueous solution of H2SO4 contains 0.02m mol H2 SO4 .50% of this solution is diluted with deionized
water to give 1L solution (A). In solution (A), 0.01m mol of H2SO4 are added. Total m mols of H2SO4 in
the final solution is ____×103m mols
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 0

Solution:
Solution:
nH SO in SolnA = 50% of original solution = 0.01m mol
2 4

nH SO in Final solution = 0.01 + 0.01

2 4

= 0.02m mol
= 0.00002 × 103m mol
The answer 0

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question65
Solute A associates in water. When 0.7g of solute A is dissolved in 42.0g of water, it depresses the
freezing point by 0.2∘ C. The percentage association of solute A in water, is :
−1 −1
[Given : Molar mass of A = 93gmol . Molal depression constant of water is 1.86K kg mol .]
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 50%

B. 60%

C. 70%

D. 80%

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
∆T = ikf × m
0.7 × 1000
0.2 = i × 1.86×
93 42
0.2 × 93 × 6
i=
1.86 × 100
i = 0.60
2A ⇌ A2
 α
1−α
2
α
i=1−α+
2
α
i=1−
2
α
1− = 0.60
2
α
1 − 0.60 =
2
α = 0.80

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Question66
A 0.5 percent solution of potassium chloride was found to freeze at −0.24∘ C. The percentage
dissociation of potassium chloride is____ (Nearest integer)
−1 is −1
(Molal depression constant for water is 1.80K kg mol and molar mass of KCl 74.6gmol )
[26-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 98

Solution:
Solution:
∆Tf = iKbm
0.24 × 99.5 × 74.6
i=
1.80 × 0.5 × 1000
= 1.98
i−1 0.98
α= = = 0.98 = 98%
n−1 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question67
The osmotic pressure exerted by a solution prepared by dissolving 2.0g of protein of molar mass
−1 −1 −1
60 kg mol in 200mLm of water at 27∘ C is ______ Pa. [integer value] (use R = 0.083L bar mol K )
[26-Jun-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 415

Solution:

Solution:
π = iCRT
1×2
= × 0.083 × 300
60000 × 0.2
= 0.00415 bar ( ∵1. bar . = 105 Pa )
So, 0.00415 × 105 Pa = 415 Pa

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Question68
Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : At 10∘ C, the density of a 5M solution of KCl [atomic masses of K& Cl are
−1 −1
39&35.5gmol respectively], is ' x ' gml . The solution is cooled to −21∘ C. The molality of the solution
will remain unchanged.
Reason (R): The molality of a solution does not change with temperature as mass remains unaffected
with temperature.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :
[27-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).

B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

C. (A) is true but (R) is false.

D. (A) is false but (R) is true.

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
Molality and Mass are temperature Independent so on changing temp., molality and mass remain unchanged.

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Question69
2g of a non-volatile non-electrolyte solute is dissolved in 200g of two different solvents A and B whose
ebullioscopic constants are in the ratio of 1 : 8. The elevation in boiling points of A and B are in the
ratio xy (x : y). The value of y is_____ (Nearest integer)
[27-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 8

Solution:

Solution:
∆T b = kbm
(∆T b)A (kb)A
=
(∆T b)B (kb)B
1 x
= =
8 y
∴y = 8

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question70
−3 −3
A solution containing 2.5 × 10 kg of a solute dissolved in 75 × 10 kg of water boils at 373.535K. The
−1 −1
molar mass of the solute is _____g mol . [nearest integer] (Given : Kb(H2O) = 0.52K kg mol and
boiling point of water = 373.15K )
[27-Jun-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 45

Solution:

Solution:
−3
W solute = 2.5 × 10 kg
−3
W solvent = 75 × 10 kg
∆Tb = 373.535 − 373.15
= 0.385K
−1
Kb(H2O) = 0.52K kg mol
Kb × 103 × W solute
∆Tb =
M solute × W solvent
0.52 × 103 × 2.5 × 10−3
M solute =
75 × 10−3 × 0.385
= 45.02
≈45

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question71
The vapour pressures of two volatile liquids A and B at 25∘ C are 50 Torr and 100 Torr, respectively. If
the liquid mixture contains 0.3 mole fraction of A, then the mole fraction of liquid B in the vapour
phase is 17x . The value of x is___
[28-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 14

Solution:

Solution:
yB P o
= Bo
1 − yB P
A
[XB
1 − XB ]
yB
⇒
1 − yB
=
100 0.7
50 0.3 [ ]
=
14
3
14
⇒yB =
17

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question72
1.2 mL of acetic acid is dissolved in water to make 2.0L of solution. The depression in freezing point
observed for this strength of acid is 0.0198∘ C. The percentage of dissociation of the acid is_____
(Nearest integer)
−1
[Given : Density of acetic acid is 1.02gmL , Molar mass of acetic acid is
−1 −1
60gmol , Kf(H2O) = 1.85K kg mol ]
[29-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 5

Solution:

Solution:
M = d × V = 1.02 × 1.2 = 1.224 gm
Moles of acetic acid = 0.0204 moles in 2L
So molality = 0.0102 mol ∕ kg
Now ∆Tf = i × Kf × M
i = 1 + α for acetic acid
0.0198 = (1 + α) × 1.85 × 0.0102
α = 0.04928
≅5%

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question73
Elevation in boiling point for 1.5 molal solution of glucose in water is 4K. The depression in freezing
point for 4.5 molal solution of glucose in water is 4K. The ratio of molal elevation constant to molal
depression constant (Kb ∕ Kf) is____
[29-Jun-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 3

Solution:

Solution:
∆Tb = iKbm
∆Tf = iKfm
4 Kb1.5
=
4 Kf4.5
Kb
=3
Kf

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question74
The depression in freezing point observed for a formic acid solution of concentration 0.5mLL−1 is
−1
0.0405∘ C. Density of formic acid is 1.05gmL . The Van't Hoff factor of the formic acid solution is
−1
nearly : (Given for water kf = 1.86kkgmol )
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. 0.8

B. 1.1

C. 1.9

D. 2.4

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
∆Tf of formic acid = 0.0405∘C
Concentration = 0.5 mL ∕ L
and density = 1.05g ∕ mL
∴ Mass of formic acid in solution = 1.05 × 0.5g
= 0.525g
∴ According to Van't Hoff equation,
∆Tf = ikf ⋅ m
0.525
0.0405 = i × 1.86×
46 × 1
(Assuming mass of 1L water = kg )
0.0405 × 46
i= = 1.89 ≈ 1.9
1.86 × 0.525

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question75
Two solutions A and B are prepared by dissolving 1g of non-volatile solutes X and Y , respectively in 1
kg of water. The ratio of depression in freezing points for A and B is found to be 1 : 4. The ratio of
molar masses of X and Y is
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. 1 : 4

B. 1 : 0.25

C. 1 : 0.20

D. 1 : 5

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
∆T f = ikf × m
∆T f(A) 1
=
∆Tf(B) 4
i × Kf × 1 ×1
MA 1
=
1 1 4
i × Kf × ×
MB
MB 1
=
MA 4
MA:MB=4:1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question76
The elevation in boiling point for 1 molal solution of non-volatile solute A is 3K. The depression in
freezing point for 2 molal solution of A in the same solvent is 6K . The ratio of K b and K f i.e., K b ∕ K f
is 1 : X . The value of X is [nearest integer]
[26-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 1

Solution:
Solution:
Molality of a solution of non volatile solute (A) = 1
Elevation in boiling point is given by
∆Tb = Kbm
3 = Kb × 1
Molality of (A) in the same solvent = 2
Depression in freezing point is given by
∆Tf = Kfm
6 = Kf × 2 .. . (2)
Dividing (1) by (2)
Kb 1 1
= =
Kf X 1
∴ X=1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question77
Boiling point of a 2% aqueous solution of a non-volatile solute A is equal to the boiling point of 8%
aqueous solution of a non-volatile solute B. The relation between molecular weights of A and B is
[27-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. MA = 4MB
B. MB = 4MA

C. MA = 8MB

D. MB = 8MA

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
For A : 100 gm solution →2 gm solute A
2 ∕ MA
∴ Molality =
0.098
For B : 100 gm solution →8 gm solute B
8 ∕ MB
∴ Molality =
0.092
∵(∆TB)A = (∆TB)B
∴ Molality of A = Molality of B
2 8
∴ =
0.098MA 0.092MB
2 92 M A
× =
98 8 MB
1 MA
=
4.261 MB
∴MB = 4.261 × MA

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question78
When a certain amount of solid A is dissolved in 100g of water at 25∘ C to make a dilute solution, the
vapour pressure of the solution is reduced to one-half of that of pure water. The vapour pressure of
pure water is 23.76 mmHg. The number of moles of solute A added is _______ . (Nearest Integer)
[27-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 5.55

Solution:

Solution:
∵ Diliute solution given:
P0 − PS n
solute
0
∼ n
P solvent
P0 − P0 ∕ 2 n
solute
0
= n
P solvent
n
n solvent 100
Solute ∼ = = 2.78 mol
2 18 × 2
More accurate approach:
P0 − PS n
Solute
= n
PS solvent
P0 − P0 ∕ 2 n
solute
=
P0 ∕ 2 n
solvent
n n 100
Solute = solvent = = 5.55 mol
18

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question79
150g of acetic acid was contaminated with 10.2g ascorbic acid (C6H8O6) to lower down its freezing point
−1
by (x × 10 )∘ C. The value of x is _______. (Nearest integer)
 −1 −1
[Given Kf = 3.9K kg mol ; molar mass of ascorbic acid . = 176gmol ]
[28-Jul-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 15

Solution:
Solution:
[Link]. of Acetic acid = 60g
[Link]. of Ascorbic acid = 176g
∆T f = K f m
3.9 × 10.2 × 1000
∆T f =
176 × 150
∆T f = 1.506
−1
= 15.06 × 10
= 15

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question80
A gaseous mixture of two substances A and B, under a total pressure of 0.8 atm is in equilibrium with
an ideal liquid solution. The mole fraction of substance A is 0.5 in the vapour phase and 0.2 in the liquid
phase. The vapour pressure of pure liquid A is atm. (Nearest integer)
[28-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 2

Solution:

Solution:
Given that X A = 0.2, Y A = 0.5, PT = 0.8 atm
We know that PA = Y A × PT
PA = 0.5 × 0.8 = 0.4
∘ ∘ 0.4
Now PA = X A × PA ⇒ PA = = 2 atm
0.2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question81
If O2 gas is bubbled through water at 303K, the number of millimoles of O2 gas that dissolve in 1 litre of
water is ________. (Nearest Integer)
(Given : Henry's Law constant for O2 at 303K is 46.82k bar and partial pressure of O2 = 0.920 bar)
(Assume solubility of O2 in water is too small, nearly negligible)
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 1

Solution:

Solution:
P = KH × X
mol of2
0.920 bar = 46.82 × 103 bar×
mol of2 O
mol of2
0.920 = 46.82 × 103 ×
1000 ∕ 18
0.920 = 46.82 × nO
2

0.920
P= = nO
46.82 × 18 2
−3
⇒1.09 × 10 nO
2

⇒m mol of O2 = 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question82
'x' g of molecular oxygen (O2) is mixed with 200g of neon (Ne). The total pressure of the nonreactive
mixture of O2 and Ne in the cylinder is 25 bar. The partial pressure of Ne is 20 bar at the same
temperature and volume. The value of ' x ' is. _______.
−1
[Given: Molar mass of O2 − 32gmolmol .
−1
Molar mass of .Ne = 20gmol ]
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 80

Solution:

Solution:
O2 + N e
Xgm 200gm
P total = 25 bar ; PNe = 20
PO + PNe = 25
2

PO = 25 − 20 = 5 bar
2

x
32
5= × 25
x 200
+
32 20
x
1 32
=
5 x
+ 10
32
1 x × 32
=
5 32(x + 320)
5x = x + 320
4x = 320
320
x= = 80 gm
4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question83
1.80g of solute A was dissolved in 62.5cm3 of ethanol and freezing point of the solution was found to be
155.1K. The molar mass of solute A is g mol − 1 ______.
[Given : Freezing point of ethanol is 156.0K.
−3
Density of ethanol is 0.80gcm .
−1
Freezing point depression constant of ethanol is 2.00K kg mol ]
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Answer: 80

Solution:

Solution:
Mass of solvent = d xv = 0.8 × 62.5 = 50 gram
∆T f = kf × m

0.9 = 2 [ M1.8 × 1000

× 50 ]
Solute

M Solute
= ( 2 ×0.91.8××501000 ) = 80
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question84
C6H 6 freezes at 5.5∘ C. The temperature at which a solution 10g of C4H 10 in 200g of C6H 6 freeze is ........
∘
C. (The molal freezing point depression constant of C6H 6 is 5.12∘ C ∕ m.)
[24 Feb 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 1

Solution:

Solution:
Pure solvent : C6H 6(l )
Given, T f ∘ = 5.5∘C
K f = 5.12∘C ∕ m ⇒ m = 200g
m solute = 10g
Molar mass of solute C4H 10 = 12 × 4 + 10 = 58
Solute (C4H 10) is non-dissociative;
∴i=1
∴ ∆ T f = iK f m
(10 ∕ 58)
⇒ (T f ∘ − T f 1) = 1 × 5.12×
(200 ∕ 1000)
5.5 − T f 1 = 5.12 × 5 × 10
58
or T f 1 ≈ 1∘C

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question85
When 12.2g of benzoic acid is dissolved in 100g of water, the freezing point of solution was found to be
−1
−0.93∘ C( K f (H 2O) = 1.86K kg mol ). The number (n) of benzoic acid molecules associated (assuming
100% association) is ......... .
[26 Feb 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 2

Solution:

Solution:
Association
nPhCOOH ───────▶(PhCOOH )n
Benzoic acid
Assuming 100% association (α = 1),
⇒ i=1−α 1−
1
n (
1
= [∵α + 1]
n )
Now, ∆T f = K f × m × i
w × 1000 1
0 − (0.93) = 1.86× B ×
wA × M B n
[ ∵wB = mass of PhCOOH = 12.2g
wA = mass of H 2O = 100g
M B = molar mass of PhCOOH ]
= 122gmol −1
12.2 × 1000 1
= 186× ×
100 × 122 n
1.86 × 12.2 × 1000
⇒ n= =2
0.93 × 100 × 122
∴ Number of benzoic acid molecules associated, n = 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question86
If a compound AB dissociates to the extent of 75% in an aqueous solution, the molality of the solution
which shows a 2.5K rise in the boiling point of the solution is .......... molal. (Rounded off to the nearest
−1
integer) [K b = 0.52K kgmol ]
[25 Feb 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 3

Solution:

Solution:
As AB is a binary electrolyte,
∴ AB ⇌ A+ + B−, n = 2
75
i = 1 + α(n − 1) = 1 + (2 − 1) = 1.75
100
Given, ∆T b = 2.5K
−1
K b = 0.52K kgmol
∆T b = K b × m × i
∆T b 2.5
m = =
K b × i 0.52 × 1.75
∴ = 2.74 ∼ 3mol ∕ kg

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question87
1 molal aqueous solution of an electrolyte A2B3 is 60% ionised. The boiling point of the solution at 1atm
is ........... K (Rounded off to the nearest integer). [Given, K b for (H 2O) = 0.52K kgmol −1 ]
[25 Feb 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 375

Solution:

Solution:
Given, K b(H 2O) = 0.52K kgmol −1
+3 −2
A2B3 ⟶ 2A + 3B
No. of ions, n = 5, concentration, m = 1 molal (Given)
60
α = = 0.6
100
∆T b = i ⋅ K f ⋅ m
= [ (1 + (n − 1)α] × K f × m
∆T b = [ (1 + (5 − 1)0.6] × 0.52 × 1
 = (1 + 2.4) × 0.52
∆T b = 1.768
T b = 1.768 + 373.15
= 374.91 = 375K

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question88
When 9.45g of Cl CH 2COOH is added to 500 mL of water, its freezing point drops by 0.5∘ C. The
−3
dissociation constant of Cl CH 2COOH is x × 10 . The value of x is_____ (Rounded off to the nearest
integer) [ K f (H ]
−1
O) = 1.86K kgmol
2
[24 Feb 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 35

Solution:

Solution:
Cl CH 2COOH ⇌ Cl CH 2COO− + H +
Total dissociated = 1 + α
⇒i = 1 + α
∆T f = ik1m
9.45 1000
⇒0.5 = (1 + α)(1.86)× ×
94.5 500
⇒0.5 = (1 + α)(1.86)(0.2)
⇒1 + α = 1.34 ⇒ α = 0.34
Cl CH 2COOH ⇌ Cl CH 2COO− + H +
At t = 0 α 0 0
At time t C − Cα Cα Cα
(Cα)2 Cα2
Ka= =
C − Cα 1 − α
0.2 × (0.34)2
⇒K a = = 0.035
1 − 0.34
−3
∴K a = 35 × 10 .

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question89
A solute a dimerises in water. The boiling point of a 2 molar solution of A is 100.52∘ C.
The percentage association of A is (Round off to the nearest integer) [Use :K b for water
−1
= 0.52K kgmol , boiling point of water = 100∘ C ]
[18 Mar 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 100

Solution:

Solution:
Given : T b = 100.52∘C
T b∘ = 100∘C
−1
⇒ K b = 0.52K kgmol
Elevation in boiling point,
∆T b = T b − T b0
∆T b = 100.52 − 100
∆T b = 0.52∘C

For dimerisation (van't Hoff factor) i = 1 − α

2 ( )
∵ ∆Tb=i×Kb×m

( )
0.52 = 1 − α × 0.52 × 2
2
α=1
So, percentage association = 100%

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question90
2 molal solution of a weak acid HA has a freezing point of 3.885∘ C. The degree of dissociation of this
−3
acid is ......... ×10 .
(Round off to the nearest integer).
−1
[Given : Molal depression constant of water = 1.85K kgmol , freezing point of pure water = 0∘ C ]
[18 Mar 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 50

Solution:

Solution:
Given
Depression in freezing point,
−1
K f = 1.85K kgmol mol
T f ∘ = 0∘ C
T f = 3.885∘C
∆T f = T f − T f ∘
= 3.885 − 0 = 3.885∘C
∆T f = 3.885∘C
∆T f = i × K f × m
3.885 = i × 1.85 × 2
but, i = (1 + α)
3.885 = (1 + α) × 1.85 × 2
0.185
⇒ α= ⇒ α = 0.05
3.7
α = 50 × 10−3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question91
A 1 molal K 4F e(CN )6 solution has a degree of dissociation of 0.4. Its boiling point is equal to that of
another solution which contains 18.1 weight per cent of a non-electrolytic solute A. The molar mass of A
is ....... u. (Round off to the nearest integer).
−3
[Density of water = 1.0gcm ]
[17 Mar 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 85

Solution:

Solution:
 K 4F e(CN )6 ⇌ 4K + + [F e(CN )6]4−
Initial conc. 1m 0 0
Final conc. (1 − 0.4)m 4 × 0.4 0.4m
= 0.6m = 1.6m
Effective molality = 0.6 + 1.6 + 0.4 = 2.6m
As elevation in boiling point is a colligative property which depends on the amount of solute. So, to have same boiling point, the molality of two
solutions should be same.
Molality of non-electrolyte solution = molality of K 4[F e(CN )6] = 2.6m
Now, 18.1 weight per cent solution means 18.1g solute is present in 100g solution and hence, (100 − 18.1 = )81.9g water.
( Mass of solute / Molar mass of solute)
Molality = × 1000
Mass of solvent (g)
18.1/M
Now, 2.6 =
81.9/1000
where, M is the molar mass of non-electrolyte solute
Molar mass of solute, M = 85

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question92
The exact volumes of 1M NaOH solution required to neutralise 50mL of 1M H3PO3 solution and
100mL of 2M H3PO2 solution, respectively, are
[16 Mar 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. 100mL and 100mL

B. 100mL and 50mL

C. 100mL and 200mL

D. 50mL and 50mL

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
H 3PO3 + 2N aOH ⟶ N a H PO + 2H O
2 3 2
50 ml 1M
1M V=?
Millimoles of H 3PO3 = M × V = 1 × 50 = 50
For 1 millimole of H 3PO3, we require 2 millimoles of N aOH .
For 50 millimole of H 3PO3, we require (2 × 50) = 100 millimoles of N aOH .
Millimoles of N aOH = M × V = 100
1 × V = 100
V = 100mL
H 3PO2 + N aOH → N aH PO + H O
2 2 2
100 mL 1M
2M V=?
Millimoles of H 3PO2 = M × V = 2 × 100 = 200
For 1 millimole of H 3PO2, we require 1 millimoles of N aOH .
For 200 millimole of H 3PO2, we require 200 millimoles of N aOH .
So, volume of N aOH = 200mL

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question93
−3
A 6.50 molal solution of K OH (aq) has a denisity of 1.89gcm . The molarity of the solution is ......
−3
mol d m (Round off to the nearest integer).
[Atomic masses: K : 39.0u, O : 16.0u, H : 1.0u ]
[16 Mar 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 9
Solution:

Solution:
Molality (m) = M × 1000
{(1000d ) − M × M solute
}
where, M = molarity
d = density of solution
M solute = molar mass of solute
Putting the values,
M × 1000
6.50 =
(1000 × 1.89) − (M × 56)
12285
On solving, M =
1364
M = 9 molar

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question94
At 20°C, the vapour pressure of benzene is 70 torr and that of methyl benzene is 20 torr. The mole
fraction of benzene in the vapour phase at 20°C above an equimolar mixture of benzene and methyl
−2
benzene is ________ ×10 . (Nearest integer)
[20 Jul 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 78

Solution:

Solution:
P°B = 40
P°T = 20
K B = 0.5 = K T
K BP°B
Now yB =
K BP°B + K T P°T
70 × 0.5
=
70 × 0.5 + 20 × 0.5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question95
−3
1.46g of a biopolymer dissolved in a 100mL water at 300K exerted an osmotic pressure of 2.42 × 10
bar
−1
The molar mass of the biopolymer is _____ −104gmol . (Round off to the Nearest Integer)
−1 −1
[Use : R = 0.083L bar mol K ]
[27 Jul 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 15

Solution:

Solution:
π = CRT
π = osmotic pressure
C = molarity
T = Temperature of solution
let the molar mass be M gm / mol
2.42 × 10−3 bar =
( M gm ∕ mol ) ×
1.46g

0.1l
(
0.083l − bar
mol − K ) ×(300K )
⇒M = 15.02 × 104g ∕ mol

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question96
When 3.00g of a substance 'X ′ is dissolved in 100g of CCl 4, it raises the boiling point by 0.60K . The
−1
molar mass of the substance ' X ' is ________ g mol . (Nearest integer).
−1
[ Given K b for CCl 4 is 5.0K kgmol ]
[25 Jul 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 250

Solution:
Solution:
ΔT b = K b × molality

0.60 = 5 × ( 1003 ∕ ∕M100 )

M = 250

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Question97
Which one of the following 0.06M aqueous solutions has lowest freezing point?
[22 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Al 2(SO4)3

B. C6H 12O6

C. KI

D. K 2SO4

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
T f − T f ′ = iK f m
For minimum T f ′
'i' should be maximum.
Al 2(SO4)3 i = 5
C6H 12O6 i = 1
KI i=2
K 2SO4 i=3

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Question98
The water having more dissolved O2 is :
[22 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:
A. boiling water

B. water at 80°C

C. polluted water

D. water at 4°C

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
On heating concentration of O2 in water decreases.
So boiling water and water at 80°C having less O2 concentration. Polluted water also having less O2 concentration. So water at 4°C having maximum
O2 concentration.

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Question99
−3
The density of NaOH solution is 1.2gcm . The molality of this solution is ________ m.
(Round off to the Nearest Integer)
[Use : Atomic masses : N a : 23.0u O : 16.0u H : 1.0u
−3
Density of H 2O : 1.0gcm ]
[27 Jul 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 5

Solution:

Solution:
Consider 1l solution
mass of solution = (1.2 × 1000)g
= 1200gm
Neglecting volume of N aOH
Mass of water = 1000gm
⇒ Mass of N aOH = (1200 − 1000)gm
= 200gm
200g
⇒ Moles of N aOH = = 5mol
50g ∕ mol
5mol
⇒molality = = 5m
1kg

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Question100
CO2 gas is bubbled through water during a soft drink manufacturing process at 298K . If CO2 exerts a
partial pressure of 0.835 bar then xm mol of CO2 would dissolve in 0.9L of water. The value of x is
________. (Nearest integer)
(Henry's law constant for CO2 at 298K is 1.67 × 103 bar )
[25 Jul 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 25

Solution:
Solution:
From Henry's law
Pgas = K H . X gas
n(CO2)
0.835 = 1.67 × 103 ×
0.9 × 1000
18
n(CO2) = 0.025
Millimoles of CO2 = 0.025 × 1000 = 25

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Question101
The vapour pressures of A and B at 25°C are 90mmH g and 15mmH g respectively. If A and Bare mixed
such that the mole fraction of A in themixture is 0.6, then the mole fraction of B in the vapour phase is
−1
x × 10 . The value of x is ________.(Nearest integer)
[20 Jul 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 1

Solution:

Solution:
Given P°A = 90mmH g
, at 25°C
P°B = 15mm H g

and
X A = 0.6
X B = 0.4 } PT = X AP°A + X BPB°

= (0.6 × 90) + (0.4 × 15)

= 54 + 6 = 60mm
Now mol fraction of B in the vapour phase
P X P°
i.e. Y B = B = B B = 0.1 = 1 × 10−1
PT 60
therefore: x = 1

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Question102
40g of glucose (Molar mass = 180) is mixed with 200 mL of water. The freezing point of solution is
........... K. (Nearest integer)
−1 −3
[Given, Kf = 1.86K kg mol , density of water = 1.00gcm , freezing point of water = 273.15K]
[27 Aug 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 271

Solution:

Solution:
40 g of glucose mixed with 200 mL of water
180 g of glucose = 1 moles of glucose
40 g of glucose mol = 0.22 mol
1 mL of water = 1g of water [d = 1g ∕ cm2, 1 mL = 1cm3]
200 mL of water = 200g of water
ΔTf = Kf m
where, ΔTf = depression in freezing point,
−1
Kf = molal elevation constant = 1.86 Kkg mol and
m = molality of solution
1.86 × 0.22
ΔTf = × 1000, (∵1000g = 1 kg)
200
ΔTf = 2K
∴ (Tf − Tf′) = 2
[ Tf = freezing point of water(273K)
Tf′ = freezing point of solution ]
273K − Tf′ = 2K
Tf′ = (273 − 2)K = 271K

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Question103
1 kg of 0.75 molar aqueous solution of sucrose can be cooled up to −4°C before freezing. The amount of
ice (in g) that will be separated out is .......... . (Nearest integer)
[Given, Kf(H2O) = 1.86 Kkg mol−1]
[27 Aug 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 518

Solution:

Solution:
Let mass of water (initially present) = x g
Mass of sucrose = (1000 − x)g
1000 − x
Moles of sucrose =
342
moles of sucrose
Molality =
mass of water(initially)

0.75 =
(
1000 − x
342 )
x
(
1000 )
x 1000 − x
=
1000 342 × 0.75
256.5x = 106 − 1000x
⇒ x = 795.86 g
Moles of sucrose = 0.5969
New mass of H2O = a kg
Depression in freezing point ΔTf = Kf × m
0.5969
4= × 1.86
a
⇒ a = 0.2775 kg
Ice separated = 795.86 − 277.5
= 518.3 g ≈ 518 g.

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Question104
If the degree of dissociation of aqueous solution of weak monobasic acid is determined to be 0.3 , then the
[27 Aug 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 30

Solution:

Solution:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question105
−1
1.22g of an organic acid is separately dissolved in 100g of benzene (Kb = 2.6K kg mol ) and 100g of
−1
acetone (Kb = 1.7 Kkg mol ). The acid is known to dimerise in benzene but remain as a monomer in
acetone. The boiling point of the solution in acetone increases by 0.17°C. The increase in boiling point of
−2
solution in benzene in °C is x × 10 . The value of x is....... (Nearest integer)
[Atomic mass: C = 12.0, H = 1.0, O = 16.0]
[31 Aug 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 13

Solution:
Solution:
With benzene as solvent, RCOOH dimerises.
2 RCOOH ⇌ (RCOOH)2
1
∴i =
2
ΔTb = i × Kb × m
where, ΔTb = boiling point elevation,
K b = ebulliscopic constant
m = molality
i = van’t Hoff factor
1.22 ∕ MW
ΔTb = 1 × 2.6 × ...(i)
2 100 ∕ 1000
With acetone as solvent, no dimerisation.
∴i=1
ΔTb = i × Kb × m
1.22 ∕ MW
0.17 = 1 × 1.7 × ...(ii)
100 ∕ 1000
Eq. (i) divide by Eq. (ii),
1 1.22 ∕ Mw
ΔTb 2 × 2.6 × 100 ∕ 1000
=
0.17 1.22 ∕ Mw
1 × 1.7 ×
100 ∕ 1000
0.26 −2
⇒ΔTb = = 13 × 10
2
x = 13

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Question106
Which one of the following 0.10M aqueous solutions will exhibit the largest freezing point depression?
[31 Aug 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. Hydrazine
B. Glucose

C. Glycine

D. KHSO4

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
The van't Hoff factor (i) is highest for KHSO4 as it dissociate into
its ions. van’t Hoff factor is the ratio of total number of ions produced after complete dissociation to before dissociation.
Hydrazine, glucose and glycine will not dissociate to produce ions.
Whereas, KHSO4 dissociates into ions.
KHSO4→K+ + HSO4−
Hence, i will highest for KHSO4.
∴ Colligative property i.e. freezing point depression will be highest for KHSO4 as ΔTf ∝ i [∵ m is constant i.e. 0.1]
Hence, correct option is (d).

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Question107
In a solvent 50% of an acid HA dimerizes and the rest dissociates. The van't Hoff factor of the acid is
_____ ×10–2.
(Round off to the nearest integer)
[27 Jul 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 125

Solution:
Solution:
2H A ⇌ H 2A2 HA ⇌ H+ + A
50 50
Initial moles a × 0 a× 0 0
100 100
Final moles 0 0.25a 0 0.5a 0.5a
final moles 0.25a + 0.5a + 0.5a
Now, i = =
initial moles 0.5a + 0.5a
−2
= 1.25 = 125 × 10

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Question108
83g of ethylene glycol dissolved in 625g of water. The freezing point of the solution is ...............K.
(Nearest integer)
−1
[Use, molal freezing point depression constant of water = 1.86K kg mol , Freezing point of water
= 273K and Atomic masses : C = 12.0u, O = 16.0u, H = 1.0u ]
[26 Aug 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 269

Solution:

Solution:
ΔTf = iKf × m
For ethylene glycol, i = 1
 Number of moles of solute
Molality (m) =
Weight of solvent(kg)
83 × 1000
ΔTf = 1 × 1.86 × ≃ 3.98
62 × 625
Freezing point of solution = Freezing point −ΔTf of water
= 273 − 3.98 ≃ 269.

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Question109
Of the following four aqueous solutions, total number of those solutions whose freezing point is lower
than that of 0.10M
C2H5 OH is ............... . (Integer answer)
(i) 0.10MBa3(PO4)2
(ii) 0.10MNa2SO4
(iii) 0.10M KCl
(iv) 0.10MLi3PO4
[26 Aug 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 4

Solution:
Solution:
As 0.10MC2H5 OH is non-dissociative in nature and all salts
[ 0.10MBa3(PO4)2, 0.10MNa2SO4,
0.10M KCl, 0.10MLi3PO4] are electrolyte and dissociative in nature.
ΔTf = iKfm
Where i is van’t Hoff factor.
i > 1 for all other electrolytes where dissociation takes place.
So, for all these electrolytes effective molarity is more than 0.10. So, all the elecrolytes given will have low freezing point.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question110
The molarity of the solution prepared by dissolving 6.3g of oxalic acid (H2C2O4.2H2O) in 250 mL of
−1 −2
water in mol L is x × 10 . The value of x is ......... (Nearest integer)
[Atomic mass H = 1.0, C = 12.0, O = 16.0]
[31 Aug 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 20

Solution:

Solution:
number of moles of solute
Molarity =
volume of solution(in litre)
weight of solute ∕ molecular mass of solute
=
volume of solution(in litre)
Molecular mass of solute [H2C2O4.2H2O] = 126g
6.3g ∕ 126g
x × 10−2 = × 1000
250 mL
x × 10−2 = 0.2
x × 10−2 = 20 × 10−2
∴ x = 20

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Question111
−2 −1
100 mL of Na3PO4 solution contains 3.45g of sodium. The molarity of the solution is ...... ×10 mol L .
(Nearest integer)
[ Atomic masses −Na = 23.0u, O = 16.0u,, P = 31.0u ]
[26 Aug 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 50

Solution:

Solution:
Number of mole of Na+ions
mass of sodium 3.45
= =
molar mass of sodium 23
moles of sodium
So, number of mole of Na3PO4 =
3
{as 1 molecule of Na3PO4 contains 3 atoms of Na }
3.45
= = 0.05
3 × 23
Moles of Na3 PO4 0.05
Molarity = = × 1000
Volume of solution(in L) 100
∴ Answer is 50

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question112
If 80g of copper sulphate CuSO4.5H2O. is dissolved in deionised water to make 5L of solution. The
−3 −1
concentration of the copper sulphate solution is x × 10 mol L . The value of x is ......... .
[Atomic masses Cu = 63.54u, S = 32u, O = 16u, H = 1u ]
[1 Sep 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 64

Solution:

Solution:
Given, mass of CuSO4.5H2O = 80g
The concentration of copper sulphate solution is x × 10−3 mol ∕ L.
Number of moles of solute
Molarity = ...(i)
Volume of solution(L)
Molar mass of CuSO4⋅5H2O = 63.54 + 32 + 16 × 4
= 5 × 18 = 249.54 g/mol
Weight of solute
Number of moles of solute =
Molecular mass of solute
80g
= = 0.32 mol
249.54g ∕ mol
Volume of solution = 5 L
From Eq. (i),
0.3205 −3
Molarity = = 64.11 × 10 mol ∕ L
5
∴ x = 64.11
or x ≈ 64
Hence, answer is 64.

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Question113
The vapour pressure of solution will be less than the vapour pressure of pure solvent, so some vapour
molecules will get condensed to maintain new equilibrium.

The following inferences are made:

(A) X has higher intermolecular interactions compared to Y .
(B) X has lower intermolecular interactions compared to Y .
(C) Z has lower intermolecular interactions compared to Y.
The correct inference(s)is/are:
[Jan. 08,2020(I)]
Options:

A. (A) and (C)

B. (A)

C. (B)

D. (C)

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
At a particular temperature as intermolecular force of attraction increases vapour pressure decreases. Thus, intermolecular forces are inversely
proportional to vapour pressure and directly proportional to temperature. Therefore X has lower intermolecular interactions compared to Y.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question114
At 35∘ C, the vapour pressure of CS2 is 512mmH g and that of acetone is 344mmH g. A solution of CS2 in
acetone has a total vapour pressure of 600mmH g. The false statement amongst the following is:
[Jan. 07,2020(I)]
Options:

A. Raoult's law is not obeyed by this system

B. a mixture of 100mLCS2 and 100mL acetone has a volume <200mL

C. CS2 and acetone are less attracted to each other than to themselves

D. heat must be absorbed in order to produce the solution at 35∘C

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Mixture of carbon disulphide and acetone will show positive deviation from Raoult's Law. The dipolar interaction between solute (CS2) solvent
(acetone) molecules in solution are weaker. So the vapour pressure of solution will be greater thanthe individual vapoure pressure of pure
components.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question115
Two open beakers one containing a solvent and the other containing a mixture of that solvent with a
non volatile solute are together sealed in a container. Over time:
[Jan. 07,2020 (II)]
Options:

A. the volume of the solution increases and the volume of the solvent decreases

B. the volume of the solution decreases and the volume of the solvent increases

C. the volume of the solution and the solvent does not change

D. the volume of the solution does not change and the volume of the solvent decreases

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
There will be lowering in vapour pressure in second beaker.

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Question116
How much amount of N aCl should be added to 600g of water (ρ = 1.00g ∕ mL) to decrease the freezing
−1
point of water to −0.2∘ C? ______ . (The freezing point depression constant for water = 2K kgmol )
[NV, Jan. 09,2020 (I)]

Answer: 1.75

Solution:

Solution:
∆T f = iK f m
w 1000
0.2 = 2 × 2× ×
58.5 600
0.2 × 58.5 × 600 1.2 × 58.5
w= = = 1.75g
1000 × 4 40

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Question117
A cylinder containing an ideal gas ( 0.1mol of 1.0d m3 ) is in thermal equilibrium with a large volume of
0.5mol al aqueous solution of ethylene glycol at its freezing point. If the stoppers S1 and S2 (as shown in
the figure)are suddenly withdrawn, the volume of the gas in litres after equilibrium is achieved will be
______ .
−1 −1 −1
(Given, K f (water) = 2.0K kgmol , R = 0.08d m3aamK mol )

[NV, Jan.09,2020 (II)]

Answer: 2.18

Solution:

Solution:

−1
K f = 2.0K kgmol ; m = 0.5
∆T f = K f m = 0.5 × 2
T initial
= 272K
n = 0.1mol V = 1d m3
nRT 0.1 × 0.08 × 272
P gs = = = 2.176atm
V 1
After releasingpiston
P1V 1 = P2V 2
2.176 × 1 = 1 × V 2
V 2 = 2.18d m3

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Question118
A set of solutions is prepared using 180g of water as a solvent and 10g of different non-volatile solutes
A, B and C. The relative lowering of vapour pressure in the presence of these solutes are in the order
[Given, molar mass of
−1
A = 100gmol ; B = 200gmol −; C = 10, 000gmol − ]
[Sep. 06, 2020(II)]
Options:

A. B > C > A

B. C > B > A

C. A > B > C

D. A > C > B

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Relative lowering in vapour pressure (RLVP)
P − Ps n
= =
P n+N
n→ moles of solute
N → moles of solvent
10 10 10
nA = ,n = ,n =
100 B 200 C 10000
180
Moles of solvent (H 2O) = = 10mol
18
RLV PA = 0.1 = 1
10.1 101
0.05 1
RLV PB = =
10.05 201
−3
10 −4
RLV PC = = 10
10
From the above relation
RLV P(A) > RLV P(B) > RLV P(C)

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Question119
At 300K , the vapour pressure of a solution containing 1 mole of n -hexane and 3 moles of n -heptane is
550mm of Hg. At the same temperature, if one more mole of n heptane is added to this solution, the
vapour pressure of the solution increases by 10mm of H g. What is the vapour pressure in mmH g of n -
heptane in its pure state ________ ?
[NV, Sep. 04, 2020(I)]

Answer: 600

Solution:

Solution:
P total = P hexane 0 ⋅ X hexane + P heptane 0 ⋅ X heptane
o 1 ∘ 3
550 = [P hexane ]× + [P heptane ]×
4 4
⇒2200 = P hexane ∘ + 3P heptane ∘ .....(i)
0 1 ∘ 4
560 = [P hexane ]× + [P heptane ]×
5 5
⇒2800 = P hexane o + 4P heptane o .....(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii),
P heptane o = 600mm of H g

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question120
Henry's constant (in k bar) for four gases α, β, γ and δ in water at 298K is given below:

(density of water = 103kgm−3 at 298K )

This table implies that:
[Sep. 03, 2020(I)]
Options:

A. α has the highest solubility in water at a given pressure

B. solubility of γ at 308K is lower than at 298K

C. The pressure of a 55.5 molal solution of y is 1 bar

D. The pressure of 55.5 molal solution of δ is 250 bar

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
(a) From Henry's law p = K H (x)
Higher the value of K H smaller will be the solubility of the gas, so γ is more soluble.
(b) Though solubility of gases will decrease with increase in temperature but this conclusion can not be drawnfrom the given table.
(c) For γ
(p)γ = (K H )γ ⋅ (x)γ

[ ]
= 2 × 10
−5 55.5 −5
= 10 k bar = 10 bar
−2
1000
55.5 +
18
(d) For δ⇒
pδ = (K H )8 ⋅ (x)δ
 [ ]
55.5
= 0.5
1000
55.5 +
18
= 0.5 × 0.5 = 0.25k bar = 250bar.

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Question121
An open beaker of water in equilibrium with water vapour is in a sealed container. When a few grams
of glucose are added to the beaker of water, the rate at which water molecules:
[Sep. 02,2020I)]
Options:

A. leaves the vapour increases

B. leaves the solution increases

C. leaves the solution decreases

D. leaves the vapour decreases

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
The vapour pressure of solution will be less than the vapour pressure of pure solvent, so some vapour molecules will get condensed to maintain new
equilibrium.

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Question122
The elevation of boiling point of 0.10m aqueous CrCl 3, xN H 3 solution is two times that of 0.05m
aqueous CaCl 2 solution. The value of x is _______ .
[Assume 100% ionisation of the complex and CaCl 2, coordination number of Cr as 6, and that all N H 3
molecules are present inside the coordination sphere]
[NV, Sep. 06, 2020 (I)]

Answer: 5

Solution:

Solution:
Molality of CaCl 2 solution = 0.05m
∆T b = iK bm = 3 × K b × 0.05 = 0.15K b
Molality of CrCl 3xN H 3 = 0.10m
∆T b′ = iK b × 0.10⇒ ∆ T b′ = 2 ∆ T b
iK b × 0.10 = 2 × 0.15K b ⇒ i = 3
Since, co-ordination number of Cr is 6 .
∴ The complex is [Cr(N H 3)5Cl ]Cl 2.
∴x = 5.

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Question123
The osmotic pressure of a solution of N aCl is 0.10atm and that of a glucose solution is 0.20atm. The
osmotic pressure of a solution formed by mixing 1 L of the sodium chloride solution with 2L of the
 −3
glucose solution is x × 10 atm ⋅ x is ______ . (nearest integer)
[NV, Sep.04, 2020 (II)]

Answer: 167

Solution:

Solution:
0.10
For N aCl : π1 = iC1RT ⇒ C1 =
2RT
0.20
For Glucose: π2 = C2RT ⇒ C2 =
RT
When 1L of N aCl solution and 2L glucose solution are mixed.
0.10 0.20 × 2 0.40
∴C1′ = ′
and C2 = =
6RT 3RT 3RT
0.10 0.40 0.50
∴π Total = iC1′RT + C2′RT = + =
3 3 3
−3
π Total = 167 × 10 atm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question124
If 250cm3 of an aqueous solution containing 0.73g of a protein A is isotonic with one litre of another
aqueous solution containing 1.65g of a protein B, at 298K , the ratio of the molecular masses of A and B
−2
is ______ ×10 (to the nearest integer).
[NV, Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]

Answer: 177

Solution:

Solution:
πA = iCART , πB = iCBRT
For isotonic solution,
πA = πB i1C1 = i2C2 ( For protein i = 1 )
⇒C1 = C2
0.73 × 1000 1.65
⇒ =
M A × 250 MB×1
M 0.73 × 4 1.77 177 −2
∴ A= = = × 10
MB 1.65

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Question125
A solution of sodium sulfate contains 92g of N a+ ions per kilogram of water. The molality of N a+ ions in
−1
that solution in mol kg is:
[Jan. 9, 2019(I)]
Options:

A. 12

B. 4

C. 8

D. 16
Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
+ 92
Number of moles in 92g of N a = = 4mol
23
Number of moles
Molality (m) =
Mass of solvent (in kg)
4 −1
∴ m= = 4mol kg
1

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Question126
Liquids A and B form an ideal solution in the entire composition range. At 350K , the vapor pressures
of pure A and pure B are 7 × 103Pa and 12 × 103Pa, respectively. The composition of the vapour is in
equilibrium with a solution containing 40 mole percent of A at this temperature is:
[Jan. 10,2019(I)]
Options:

A. xA = 0.37; xB = 0.63

B. xA = 0.28; xB = 0.72

C. xA = 0.4; xB = 0.6

D. xA = 0.76; xB = 0.24

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
PA∘ = 7 × 103
PB∘ = 12 × 103
xA′ = 0.4; xB′ = 1 − 0.4
xB′ = 0.6
P total = PA∘xA′ + PB∘xB′
= 7 × 103 × 0.4 + 12 × 103 × 0.6
= (7 × 0.4 + 12∞ × 0.6) × 103 = 104
P ∘x ′ 7 × 103 × 0.4
∴A = A A =
P total 104
∴ xA = 0.28, xB = 1 − 0.28 = 0.72

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Question127
Which one of the following statements regarding Henry's law is not correct?
[Jan. 9,2019(I)]
Options:

A. Higher the value of K H at a given pressure, higher is the solubility of the gas in liquids.

B. Different gases have different K H (Henry's law constant) values at the same temperature.

C. The partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase is proportional to the mole fraction of the gas in the solution.

D. The value of K H increases with increase of temperature and K H is function of the nature of the gas.

Answer: A
Solution:

Solution:
The solubility of the gas in liquids decreases with the increase in value of K H at a given pressure.

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Question128
Freezing point of a 4% aqueous solution of X is equal to freezing point of 12% aqueous solution of Y .
If molecular weight of X is A, then molecular weight of Y is:
[Jan. 12,2019 (I)]
Options:

A. 3A

B. 2A

C. A

D. 4A

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
(∆T f )x = (∆T f )y
K f mx = K f my
mx = my
No. of moles of x No. of moles of y
=
wt. of solvent in kg wt. of solvent in kg
Given, 4% aqueous solution of x = 4g of solute, x present in 100g of H 2O
12% aqueous solution of y = 12g of solute, y present in 100g of H 2O
4g 1000 12g 1000
Now, × = ×
m1 100 m2 100
4g 12g
= [m1 = A]
A m2
m2 = 3A

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Question129
Molecules of benzoic acid (C6H 5COOH ) dimerise in benzene. 'w' g of the acid dissolved in 30g of
benzene shows a depression in freezing point equal to 2K . If the percentage association of the acid to
form dimer in the solution is 80 , then w is :
−1 −1
(Given that K f = 5K kgmol , Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122gmol )
[Jan. 12, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 2.4g

B. 1.0g

C. 1.5g

D. 1.8g

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
 α α
Moles at equilibrium = 1 − α + =1−
2 2
α
1−
2
i = Total molesat equilibrium =
Initial moles 1
0.8
1−
2
i= = 0.6
1
∆T f = iK f m

( )
2 = 0.6 × 5 × w × 1000
122
30
w = 2.4g

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question130
The freezing point of a diluted milk sample is found to be −0.2∘ C, while it should have been −0.5∘ C for
pure milk. How much water has been added to pure milk to make the diluted sample?
[Jan. 11,2019(I)]
Options:

A. 1 cup of water to 2 cups of pure milk

B. 3 cups of water to 2 cups of pure milk

C. 1 cup of water to 3 cups of pure milk

D. 2 cups of water to 3 cups of pure milk

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
Freezing point of diluted milk = −0.2∘C
∆T f ′ = 0.2∘C
Freezing point of pure milk = −0.5∘C
∆T f = 0.5∘C
∆T f Kf ×m moleof solute
= ;m=
∆T ′ K × m′ mass of solvent (kg)
f f
Moles of solute are same in both samples.
0.5 W ′
∴ =
0.2 W
′
W 5 5
= ;W′= W
W 2 2
2 cups of pure milk is mixed with 3 cups of water to make 5cups of diluted milk.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question131
K 2H gI 4 is 40% ionised in aqueous solution. The value of its van't Hoff factor (i) is :
[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 1.6

B. 1.8

C. 2.0
D. 2.2

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
K 2H gI 4 ⇌ 2K + + [H gI 4]2−; n = 3
i−1 i−1
∵ α= ; 0.4 =
n−1 3−1
i = 1.8

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Question132
Elevation in the boiling point for 1 molal solution of glucose is 2K . The depression in the freezing point
for 2 molal solution of glucose in the same solvent is 2K . The relation between K b and K p is:
[Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. K b = 1.5K f

B. K b = K f

C. K b = 0.5K f

D. K b = 2K r

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
According to the question we can write
−1
∆T b = K bm ⇒ K b(1) = 2 ⇒ K b = 2K m
∆T f = K jm ⇒ K j(2) = 2 ⇒ K f = 1K m−1
Kb 2
So, =
Kf 1
∴K b = 2K f

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question133
A solution containing 62g ethylene glycol in 250g water is cooled to −10∘ C. If K f for water is
−1
1.86K kgmol , the amount of water (in g) separated as ice is:
[Jan. 9, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 48

B. 32

C. 64

D. 16

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
As we know,
∆T f = K f ⋅ m
62 × 1000
⇒10 = 1.86×
62 × w
1.86 × 1000
⇒w = = = 186g
10
Total amount of water = 250g
∴ The amount of water separated as ice
= 250 − 186 = 64g

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question134
−1
The mole fraction of a solvent in aqueous solution of a solute is 0.8. The molality (in mol kg ) of the
aqueous solution is :
[April 12, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. 13.88 × 10−2

B. 13.88 × 10−1

C. 13.88

D. 13.88 × 10−3

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Let, 1 mole be present in the solution,
n solute = 0.2mol
n solvent = 0.8mol
= 0.8 × 18g molality
= Moles of solute
Kilogram of solvent
0.2 × 1000 1000
∴m = = ≈ 13.88
0.8 × 18 4 × 18

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question135
What would be the molality of 20% (mass/mass) aqueous solution of K l ? (molar mass of
K l = 166gmol −1 )
[April9, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 1.08

B. 1.35

C. 1.48

D. 1.51

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
20% W\/W KI solution (Given)
i.e. 100g solution contains 20gK I
∴ Mass of solvent = 100 − 20 = 80g
 20
No. of moles of KI is = 0.121mol
166
0.121 × 1000
∴ Molality = = 1.51m
80

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Question136
1g of a non-volatile non-electrolyte solute is dissolved in 100g of two different solvents A and B whose
∆T (A)
ebullioscopic constants are in the ratio of 1 : 5. The ratioof the elevation in their boiling points, ∆T b(B) ,
b

is:
[April 10, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 5 : 1

B. 10 : 1

C. 1 : 5

D. 1 : 0.2

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Ebullioscopic constant (molal devation const.) is given by,
∆T b (k ) 1
kb = ⇒ bA=
m (kb)B 5
(∆T b)A (kb)A 1
∴ = =
(∆T b)B (kb)B 5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question137
Liquid 'M' and liquid ' N ' form an ideal solution. The vapour pressures of pure liquids 'M' and 'N' are
450 and 700 mmH g, respectively, at the same temperature. Then correct statement is:
( xM = Mole fraction of ∘ M ′ in solution;
xN = Mole fraction of ' N ' in solution;
yM = Mole fraction of ' M ' in vapour phase;
yN = Mole fraction of ' N ' in vapour phase)
[April 9,2019 (I)]
Options:

xM yM
A. =
xN yN

B. (xM − yM ) < (xN − yN )

xM yM
C. <
xN yN

x y
D. xM > yM
N N

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
PM 0 = 450mmH g, PN 0 = 700mmH g
PM = PM 0xM = yM PT
y
⇒PM ∘ = M (PT ) Similarly,
xM
o yN
PN = (P )
xN T
Given, PM o < PN ∘
y y
⇒ M < N
xM xN
yM x
⇒ < M
yN xN

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question138
The vapour pressures of pure liquids A and B are 400 and 600mmH g, respectively at 298K . On mixing
the two liquids, the sum of their initial volumes is equal to the volume of the final mixture. The mole
fraction of liquid B is 0.5 in the mixture. The vapour pressure of the final solution, the mole fractions of
components A and B in vapour phase, respectively are:
[April 8,2019(I)]
Options:

A. 450mmH g, 0.4, 0.6

B. 500mmH g, 0.5, 0.5

C. 450mmH g, 0.5, 0.5

D. 500mmH g, 0.4, 06

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
P = xBpB∘ + xApA∘
= 0.5 × 600 + 0.5 × 400 = 300 + 200 = 500
Using the relation pi = yiP Total , we can calculate the mole fractions of the components in vapour phase.
pB = yBp total
pB 300 3 0.6
yB = = = =
P Total 500 5
pA 200 2
yA = = = = 0.4
P Total 500 5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question139
For the solution of the gases w, x, y and z in water at 298K . the Henrys law constants (K H ) are
0.5, 2, 35 and 40kbar. respectively. The correct plot for the given data is:
[April 8, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A.
B.

C.

D.

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
According to Henry's law
P = K H ⋅ X gas
∵X gas + X H O =1
2

∴X gas = 1 − X H O
2

∴P = K H ( 1 − X H )
2O

∴P = K H − K H ⋅ X H O
2

y = c + mx; m = −K H ⇒ slope is negative.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question140
−1
A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.6g of urea (molar mass = 60gmol ) and 1.8g of glucose (molar
−1
mass = 180 gmol ) in 100mL, of water at 27∘ C. The osmotic pressure of the solution is:
(R = 0.08206LatmK −1mol −1)
[April 12, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 8.2atm

B. 2.46atm

C. 4.92atm

D. 1.64atm

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Osmotic pressure (π) = CRT
Since, there are two solutes i.e. urea and glucose.
∴π = (C1 + C1)RT

= ( 600.6
× 0.1 180 × 0.1 )
+
1.8
× 0.0821 × 300
= 0.2 × 0.0821 × 300 = 4.926atm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question141
At room temperature, a dilute solution of urea is prepared by dissolving 0.60g of urea in 360g of water.
If the vapour pressure of pure water at this temperature is 35mmH g, lowering of vapour pressure will
be :
(molar mass of urea = 60gmol −1 )
[April 10, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. 0.027mmH g

B. 0.028mmH g

C. 0.017mmH g

D. 0.031mmH g

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Relative lowering of vapour pressure, is given by,
p∘ − p nA n
= xA = = A
p∘ nA + nB nB
∘ 0.60 360
Given, p = 35mmH g, n urea = , n water =
60 18
p∘ − p = 0.6 × 18 = 1
35 60 × 360 2000
∆p = p∘ − p = 0.017

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question142
The osmotic pressure of a dilute solution of an ionic compound XY in water is four times that of a
solution of 0.01M BaCl 2 in water. Assuming complete dissociation of the given ionic compounds in
−1
water, the concentration of XY (in mol L ) in solution is:
[April 9, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. 4 × 10−2

B. 6 × 10−2

C. 4 × 10−4

D. 16 × 10−4

Answer: B

Solution:
Solution:
We know, π = iCRT ; πxy = 4πBaCl
2

Since both are ionic solute, i.e.,

XY →X++Y−⇒ i=2
BaCl 2 → B2a+ + 2Cl − ⇒ i = 3
Now,
2[X Y ] = 4 × 3 × [0.01]
[X Y ] = 0.06
−2
= 6 × 10 mol ∕ L

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question143
−1
Molar depression constant for a solvent is 4.0K kgmol . The depression in the freezing point of the
−1
solvent for 0.03mol kg solution K 2SO4 is:
(Assume complete dissociation of the electrolyte)
[April 9, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 0.18K

B. 0.24K

C. 0.12K

D. 0.36K

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Dissociation of Potassium Sulphate (K 2SO4),
K 2SO4 ⟶ 2K + + SO42−
i (Van't Hoff factor) = 3
We know that, ∆T f = iK f m
where, K f is molal depression constant and m is molality.
= 3 × 4 × 0.03 = 0.36K

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question144
For 1 molal aqueous solution of the following compounds, which one will show the highest freezing
point?
[2018]
Options:

A. [Co(H 2O)6]Cl 3

B. [Co(H 2O)5Cl ]Cl 2 ⋅ H 2O

C. [Co(H 2O)4Cl 2]Cl .2H 2O

D. [Co(H 2O)3Cl 3].3H 2O

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:

z; where ∆ T f = (T f − T f ′)
Remember, greater the no. of particles, lower will be the freezing point. Compound (d) will have the highest freezing point due to least number of
particles.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question145
−1
The mass of non-volatile, non-electrolyte solute (molar mass = 50gmol ) needed to be dissolved in
114g octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 75%, is
[Online April 16,2018]
Options:

A. 37.5g

B. 75g

C. 150g

D. 50g

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Molar mass of octane = 114g ∕ mol
From the lowering of vapour pressure we have,
W2
∆P M2
=
P W2 W1
+
M2 M1
W2
75 50g ∕ mol
=
100 W2 114g
+
50g ∕ mol 114g ∕ mol
W2
0.75 = 50
W2
+1
50
W2 W2
+1=
50 50 × 0.75
W 2 = 150g
Note : W 2 and M 2 are mass and molar mass of solute whereas W 1 and M 1 are mass and molar mass of octane.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question146
Two 5 molal solutions are prepared by dissolving a non-electrolyte, non-volatile solute separately in the
solvents X and Y . The molecular weights of the solvents are M X and M Y , respectively where
M X = 34 M Y . The relative lowering of vapour pressure of the solution in X is "m" times that of the
solution in Y. Given that the number of moles of solute is very small in comparison to that of solvent,
the value of "m" is:
[Online April 15, 2018 (II)]
Options:

A. 3
4

B. 1
2

C. 1
4

D. 4
3

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
The relationship between molar masses of the two solvents is
3
M X = M Y ... (i)
4
The relative lowering of vapour pressure of the two solutions is

( )∆P
P X
=m ( )
∆P
P Y
But, the relativelowering of vapour pressure of solutions is directly proportional to the mole fraction of solute. Given 5 molal solution, means 5 moles of
solute are dissolved in 1kg (or 1000g ) of solvent.
1000g
The number of moles of solvent =
M
5
The mole fraction of solute =
1000 ∕ M
5
=M×
1000
5 5
Hence, M X × = m×MY× ... (ii)
1000 1000
Substitute equation (i) in equation (ii)
3 5 5
×MY× = m×MY×
4 1000 1000
3
m=
4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question147
A solution is prepared by mixing 8.5g of CH 2Cl 2 and 11.95 g of CH Cl 3. If vapour pressure of CH 2Cl 2
and CH Cl 3 at 298 K are 415 and 200mmH g respectively, the mole fraction of CH Cl 3 invapour form
is:
(Molar mass of Cl = 35.5gmol −1)
[Online April 9, 2017]
Options:

A. 0.162
B. 0.675

C. 0.325

D. 0.486

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
Molar mass of CH Cl 3 = 119.5g ∕ mol
Molar mass of CH 2Cl 2 = 85g ∕ mol
11.95
Moles of CH Cl 3 = = 0.1mol
119.5
8.5
Moles of CH 2Cl 2 = = 0.1mol
85
0.1
Mole fraction of CH Cl 3 = = 0.5mol
0.2
0.1
Mole fraction of CH 2Cl 2 = = 0.5mol
0.2
(Given -
Vapour pressure of CH Cl 3 = 200mmH g = 0.263atm.
Vapour pressure of CH 2Cl 2 = 415mmH g = 0.546atm. ) (1atm = 760mmH g)
∴P( total ) = Mole fraction of CH Cl 3 ×
(Vapour pressure of CH Cl 3 ) + Mole fraction of CH 2Cl 2
×( Vapour pressure of CH 2Cl 2 )
= 0.5 × 0.263 + 0.5 × 0.546 = 0.4045
Mole fraction of CH Cl 3 in vapour form
vapour pressure 0.1315
= = = 0.325.
P total 0.4045

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question148
The freezing point of benzene decreases by 0.45∘ C when 0.2g of acetic acid is added to 20g of benzene. If
acetic acid associates to form a dimer in benzene, percentage association of acetic acid in benzene will
be:
−1
( K f for benzene = 5.12K kgmol )
[2017]
Options:

A. 64.6%

B. 80.4%

C. 74.6%

D. 94.6%

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
In benzene,

Here α is degree of association

∆T f = i × K f × m

( 0.2
60 )
(
0.45 = 1 −
α
2 )
(5.12)
20
1000
α=
1− 0.527
2
α = 0.945
% degree of association = 94.6%

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question149
5g of N a2SO4 was dissolved in xg of H 2O. The change in freezing point was found to be 3.82∘ C. If
N a2SO4 is 81.5% ionised, the value of x
−1
( K f for water = 1.86∘ Ckgmol ) is approximately:
−1 −1
(molar mass of S = 32gmol and that of N a = 23gmol )
[Online April 8, 2017]
Options:

A. 15g

B. 25g

C. 45g

D. 65g

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Molality (experimental)
∆T f 3.82
= = = 2.054mol ∕ 1000g solvent
Kf 1.86
moles of solute
Molality (theortical) = × 1000
wt. of solvent(g)
5g ∕ 142g ∕ mol e
= × 1000
x

Moles after dissociation

Von't Hoff factor (i) =
Moles before dissociation
(1 − α) + 2α + α
=
1
N a2SO4 is ionised 81.5%
means α = 0.815
(1 − 0.815) + 2 × 0.815 + 0.815
=
1
= 2.63.
Observed molality
i=
Calculated molality
2.63 = 2.054
0.0352
× 1000
x
x = 45.07g

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question150
−1 −1
The solubility of N 2 in water at 300K and 500 torr partial pressure is 0.01gL . The solubility (in gL
)at 750 torr partial pressure is:
[Online April9, 2016]
Options:

A. 0.0075
B. 0.005

C. 0.02

D. 0.015

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
According to Henry's law
P1 S1
=
P2 S2
500 0.01
=
750 S2
750 × 0.01
∴S2 = = 0.015g ∕ L
500

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question151
An aqueous solution of a salt M X 2 at certain temperature has a van't Hoff factor of 2 . The degree of
dissociation for this solution of the salt is:
[Online April 10,2016]
Options:

A. 0.50

B. 0.33

C. 0.67

D. 0.80

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Van't Hoff factor (i)
No. of particles after association or dissociation
=
No. of particles before association or dissociation

Total no. of particles = 1 − α + α + 2α = 1 + 2α

1 + 2α
∴i = =2
1
∴α = 0.50 or 50%

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question152
18 g glucose (C6H 12O6) is added to 178.2g water. The vapour pressure of water (in torr) for this
aqueous solution is:
[2016, 2006]
Options:

A. 752.4

B. 759.0

C. 7.6
D. 76.0

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
According to Raoult's Law
P∘ − Ps W B × M A
= . . . (i)
P∘ MB×WA
s
Here P∘ = Vapour pressure of pure solvent,
Ps = Vapour pressure of solution
W B = Mass of solute, W A = Mass of solvent
M B = Molar mass of solute, M A = Molar Mass of solvent
Vapour pressure of pure water at 100∘C (by assumption = 760 torr )
By substituting values in equation (i) we get,
760 − Ps 18 × 18 . . . (ii)
=
P∘ 180 × 178.2
s
On solving (ii) we get
Ps = 752.4 torr

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question153
A solution at 20∘ C is composed of 1.5mol of benzene and 3.5mol of toluene. If the vapour pressure of
pure benzene and pure toluene at this temperature are 74.7 torr and 22.3 torr, respectively, then the
total vapour pressure of the solution and the benzene mole fraction in equilibrium with it will be,
respectively:
[Online April 10,2015]
Options:

A. 35.8 torr and 0.280

B. 38.0 torr and 0.589

C. 30.5 torr and 0.389

D. 30.5 torr and 0.480

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Total V.P. of solution = PA∘X A + PB∘X B
Given, PA∘ = 74.7 torr,PB∘ = 22.3 torr
n benzene = 1.5 mol, n toluene = 3.5mol
n solution = 1.5 + 3.5 = 5mol
n 1.5 0.3
xA = benzene = =
n solution 5
n 3.5 0.7
xB = toluene = =
n solution 3
Total V.P. of solution = (0.3 × 74.7 + 0.5 × 22.3) torr
= (22.4 + 15.6) torr = 38 torr
22.4
Mole fraction of benzenein vapour form = = 0.589
38

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question154
The vapour pressure of acetone at 20∘ C is 185 torr. When 1.2g of a non-volatile substance was dissolved
−1
in 100g of acetone at 20∘ C, its vapour pressure was 183 torr. The molar mass (gmol ) of the substance
is :
[2015]
Options:

A. 128

B. 488

C. 32

D. 64

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Using relation,
P∘ − Ps w2M 1
=
P∘ w1M 2
where w1, M 1 = mass in g and mol. mass of solvent
w2, M 2 = mass in g and mol. mass of solute
P∘ = 185 torr, Ps = 183torr
185 − 183 1.2 × 58
=
185 100 × M 2
(Mol. mass of acetone = 58 )
M 2 = 64.68 ≈ 64
∴ Molar mass of substance = 64

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question155
Determination of the molar mass of acetic acid in benzene using freezing point depression is affected
by:
[Online April 11, 2015]
Options:

A. partial ionization

B. dissociation

C. complex formation

D. association

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Acetic acid contain carboxylic group −COOH which can form H-bonding so acetic acid dimerises.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question156
Choose the correct statement with respect to the vapour pressure of a liquid among the following:
[Online April 19, 2014]
Options:

A. Increases linearly with increasing temperature

B. Increases non-linearly with increasing temperature

C. Decreases linearly with increasing temperature

D. Decreases non-linearly with increasing temperature

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
If we plot a graph between the vapour pressure and the temperature. We would get a curve that rises faster as T increases, giving a curved line.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question157
For an ideal solution of two components A and B, which of the following is true?
[Online April 19,2014]
Options:

A. ∆H mixing
< 0 (zero)

B. ∆H mixing > 0 (zero)

C. A − B interaction is stronger than A − A and B − B interactions

D. A − A, B − B and A − B interactions are identical.

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
Solutions in which solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions are almost similar to solute solvent interactions are known as ideal solution.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question158
Consider separate solutions of 0.500M C2H 5OH (aq), 0.100 M M g3(PO4)2(aq), 0.250M K Br(aq) and
0.125M N a3PO4(aq) at 25∘ C. Which statement is true about these solutions, assuming all salts to be
strong electrolytes?
[2014]
Options:

A. They all have the same osmotic pressure.

B. 0.100M M g3(PO4)2(aq) has the highest osmotic pressure.

C. 0.125M N a3PO4(aq) has the highest osmotic pressure.

D. 0.500M C2H 5OH (aq) has the highest osmotic pressure.

Answer: A

Solution:
Solution:
π = iCRT πC H = 1 × 0.500 × R × T = 0.5RT
2 5OH

πM g (PO ) = 5 × 0.100 × R × T = 0.5RT

3 4 2
πK Br = 2 × 0.250 × R × T = 0.5RT
πN a PO = 4 × 0.125 × RT = 0.5RT
3 4

Since the osmotic pressure of all the given solutions is equal. Hence all are isotonic solutions.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question159
The observed osmotic pressure for a 0.10M solution of F e(N H 4)2(SO4)2 at 25∘ C is 10.8atm. The
expected and experimental (observed) values of van't Hoff factor (i) will be respectively:
(R = 0.082LatmK −1mol −1)
[Online April 19, 2014]
Options:

A. 5 and 4.42

B. 4 and 4.00

C. 5 and 3.42

D. 3 and 5.42

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Given, πob = 10.8atm
π nor = CRT = 0.10 × 0.0821 × 298 = 2.446
Now experimental value of (i)
Observed osmotic pressure 10.8
= = = 4.42
Normal osmotic pressure 2.446

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question160
The molarity of a solution obtained by mixing 750mL of 0.5(M )H Cl with 250mL of 2(M )H Cl will be:
[2013]
Options:

A. 0.875M

B. 1.00M

C. 1.75M

D. 0.975M

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
From molarity equation :
M 1V 1 + M 2V 2 = M × V
M 1V 1 + M 2V 2
M = where V = total volume
V
750 × 0.5 + 250 × 2
=
1000
= 0.875M

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question161
Vapour pressure of pure benzene is 119 torr and that of toluene is 37.0 torr at the same temperature.
Mole fraction of toluene in vapour phase which is in equilibrium with a solution of benzene and toluene
having a mole fraction of toluene 0.50, will be :
[Online April 23, 2013]
Options:

A. 0.137

B. 0.237

C. 0.435

D. 0.205

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
PA = PA∘ × X A = total pressure × yA
PB = PB∘ × X B = total pressure × yB
where x and y represents mole fraction in liquid and vapour phase respectively.
P B∘ X B yB PB0(1 − X A) 1 − yA
= ; =
P ∘X yA P ∘X yA
A A A A
1 − yA
on putting values 119(1 − 0.50) =
37 × 0.50 yA
on solving yA = 0.237

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Question162
12g of a nonvolatile solute dissolved in 108g of water produces the relative lowering of vapour pressure
of 0.1. The molecular mass of the solute is :
[Online April9, 2013]
Options:

A. 80

B. 60

C. 20

D. 40

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
P∘ − Ps W B × M A
=
P∘ MB×WA
12 18
0.1 = ×
M B 108
12 × 18
mB = = 20
0.1 × 108

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Question163
A molecule M associates in a given solvent according to the equation M ⇌ (M )n . For a certain
concentration of M , the van't Hoff factor was found to be 0.9 and the fraction of associated molecules
was 0.2. The value of n is:
[Online April 22, 2013]
Options:

A. 3

B. 5

C. 2

D. 4

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
van't Hoff factor (i) and the degree of association are related as below:
i=1−α 1− 1( n )
(
0.9 = 1 − 0.2 1 − 1
n )
On solving,

( 1−
1
n )=
1
2
1 1 1
=1− =
n 2 2
∴n = 2

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Question164
How many grams of methyl alcohol should be added to 10 litre tank of water to prevent its freezing at
268K ?( K f for water is 1.86K kgmol −1 )
[Online April 25, 2013]
Options:

A. 880.07g

B. 899.04g

C. 886.02g

D. 868.06g

Answer: D

Solution:
Solution:
∆T f = K f m
where m = molality
w
273 − 268 = 1.86×
M ×V
w
5 = 1.86×
32 × 10
5 × 32 × 10
w= = 860.2 ≈ 868.06g
1.86

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Question165
The density of a solution prepared by dissolving 120g of urea (mol. mass = 60u ) in 1000g of water is
1.15g ∕ mL. The molarity of this solution is :
[2012]
Options:

A. 0.50M
B. 1.78M

C. 1.02M

D. 2.05M

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Moles of solute
Molarity =
Volume of solution (ℓ)
Mass of solution = 1000 + 120 = 1120
M M 1120
d = ;V = = mL
V d 1.15
120 × 1.15
= × 1000 = 2.05M
60 × 1120

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Question166
K f for water is 1.86K kgmol −1 . If your automobile radiator holds 1.0kg of water, how many grams of
ethylene glycol (C2H 6O2) must you add to get the freezing point of the solution lowered to −2.8∘ C?
[2012]
Options:

A. 72g

B. 93g

C. 39g

D. 27g

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
∆T f = i × K f × m
Given ∆T f = 2.8, K f = 1.86K kgmol −1i = 1
(ethylene glygol is a non- electrolyte)
Wt. of solvent = 1kg
Let of wt of solute = x
Mol. wt of ethylene glycol = 62
x
2.8 = 1 × 1.86×
62 × 1
2.8 × 62
or x = = 93g
1.86

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Question167
A solution containing 0.85g of Z nCl 2 in 125.0g of water freezes at −0.23∘ C. The apparent degree of
−1
dissociation of the salt is ( K f for water = 1.86K kgmol , atomic mass:
Z n = 65.3 and Cl = 35.5 )
[Online May 12, 2012]
Options:

A. 1.36%

B. 73.5%
C. 7.35%

D. 2.47%

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
K f × W B × 1000
[Link]. (M B) =
∆T f × W A
1.86 × 0.85 × 1000
= ≈ 55g
0.23 × 125
Where,
W B = 0.85g
W A = 125g
∆T f = 0∘C − (−23∘C) = 23∘C
M normal 136.3 2.47
Now, i = = =
M observed 55
Z nCl 2 = Z n2+ + 2Cl −
1−α α 2α
1 − α + α + 2α
Van't Hoff factor (i) = = 2.47
1
∴ α = 0.735 = 73.5%

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Question168
The freezing point of a 1.00m aqueous solution of H F is found to be −1.91∘ C. The freezing point
−1
constant of water, K f is 1.86K kgmo . The percentage dissociation of H F at this concentration is
[Online May 26, 2012]
Options:

A. 30%

B. 10%

C. 5.2%

D. 2.7%

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
∆T f = i × K f × m
∆T f 1.91
i= = = 1.02
K f × m 1.86 × 1
For H I ⇌ H + + I −
1 − α + α + α = i = 1.027
1 + α = 1.027
α = 0.027 or 2.7%

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Question169
Liquids A and B form an ideal solution. At 30∘ C, the total vapour pressure of a solution containing 1
mol of A and 2 mol of B is 250mmH g. The total vapour pressure becomes 300mmH g when 1 more mol
of A is added to the first solution. The vapour pressures of pure A and B at the same temperature are
[Online May 19, 2012]
Options:

A. 150, 450mmH g
B. 125, 150mmH g

C. 450, 150mmH g

D. 250, 300mmH g

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Let vapour pressure of A = PA∘
Vapour pressure of B = PB∘
In first solution,
1 1
Mole fraction of A(X A) = =
1+2 3
2 2
Mole fraction of B(X B) = =
1+2 3
According to Raoult's law,
Total vapour pressure = 250 = PA∘X A + PB0X B
1 ∘ 2 ∘
250 = P + PB ....(i)
3 A 3
In second solution
2 2 1
Mole fraction of A(X A) = = =
2+2 4 2
2 1
Mole fraction of B(X B) = =
4 2
∴ Total vapour pressure = 300 = PA∞X A + PB∘X B
1 ∘ 1 ∘
300 = PA + PB .....(ii)
2 2
1 1
Multiplying equation (i) by and equation (ii) by
2 3
1 ∘ 2 ∘
PA + PB = 125
6 6
1 ∘ 1 ∘
P + P = 100
6 A 6 B
1 ∘
P = 25
6 B
PB∘ = 25 × 6 = 150mmH g On substituting value of PB∘ in equation (ii) we get
∘ 1 1
300 = PA × + 150×
2 2
PA∘ = 450mmH g

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Question170
A 5% solution of cane sugar (molar mass 342 ) is isotonic with 1% of a solution of an unknown solute.
The molar mass of unknown solute in g ∕ mol is :
[2011RS]
Options:

A. 171.2

B. 68.4

C. 34.2

D. 136.2

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
For isotonic solutions
π1 = π2
C1 = C2
5 ∕ 342 1 ∕ M
=
0.1 0.1
 5 1
=
342 M
342
⇒M = = 68.4g ∕ mol
5

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Question171
On mixing, heptane and octane form an ideal solution. At 373K , the vapour pressures of the two liquid
components (heptane and octane) are 105kPa and 45kPa respectively. Vapour pressure of the solution
obtained by mixing 25.0g of heptane and 35g of octane will be (molar mass of heptane = 100gmol −1 and
−1
of octane = 114 gmol )
[2010]
Options:

A. 72.0kPa

B. 36.1kPa

C. 96.2kPa

D. 144.5kPa

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
P Total = PA∘X A + PB∘X B
= P Heptane ∘X Heptane + P Octane ∘X Octane
25 ∕ 100 35 ∕ 114
= 105× + 45×
25 35 25 35
+ +
100 114 100 114
0.25 0.3
= 105× + 45×
0.25 + 0.3 0.25 + 0.3
105 × 0.25 45 × 0.3 26.25 + 13.5
= + =
0.55 0.55 0.55
= 72kPa

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Question172
If sodium sulphate is considered to be completely dissociated into cations and anions in aqueous
solution, the change in freezing point of water (∆T j), when 0.01 mol of sodium sulphate is dissolved in
1kg of water, is (K j = 1.86K kgmol −1)
[2010]
Options:

A. 0.372K

B. 0.0558K

C. 0.0744K

D. 0.0186K

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Sodium sulphate dissociates as
N a2SO4(s) ⟶ 2N a+ + SO42−
Hence van't Hoff factor, i = 3
Now ∆T f = iK f ⋅ m
= 3 × 1.86 × 0.01 = 0.0558K

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Question173
Two liquids X and Y form an ideal solution. At 300K , vapour pressure of the solution containing 1mol
of X and 3mol of Y is 550mmH g. At the same temperature, if 1 mol of Y is further added to this
solution, vapour pressure of the solution increases by 10mmH g. Vapour pressure (in mmH g ) of X and
Y in their pure states will be, respectively:
[2009]
Options:

A. 300 and 400

B. 400 and 600

C. 500 and 600

D. 200 and 300

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
P total = Px∘X x + Py∘X y
∘ 1 ∘ 3
550 = Px × + Py ×
4 4
Px∘ + 3Py∘ = 550 × 4 . . . (i)
In second case,
1 4
P total = Px∘ × + Py∘ ×
5 5
Px∘ + 4Py∘ = 560∘5 . . . (ii)
Subtract (i) from (ii)
∴Py∘ = 560 × 5 − 550 × 4 = 600
∵Px∘ = 400

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Question174
A binary liquid solution is prepared by mixing n -heptane and ethanol. Which one of the following
statements is correct regarding the behaviour of the solution?
[2009]
Options:

A. The solution is non-ideal, showing -ve deviation from Raoult's Law.

B. The solution is non-ideal, showing + ve deviation from Raoult's Law.

C. n-Heptane shows + ve deviation while ethanol shows - ve deviation from Raoult's Law.

D. The solution formed is an ideal solution.

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
For this solution intermolecular interactions between n -heptane and ethanol are weaker than n -heptane −n− heptane & ethanol-ethanol interactions,
hence the solution of n -heptane and ethanol is non-ideal and shows positive deviation from Raoult'slaw.

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Question175
At 80∘ C, the vapour pressure of pure liquid ' A ' is 520mm H g and that of pure liquid ' B ' is
1000mmH g. If a mixture solution of ' A ' and 'B' boils at 80∘ C and at 1 atm pressure, the amount of ' A
' in the mixture is (1atm = 760mmH g)
[2008]
Options:

A. 52 mol percent

B. 34mol percent

C. 48 mol percent

D. 50mol percent

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
At 1 atmospheric pressure the boiling point of mixture is 80∘C.
At boiling point the vapour pressure of mixture, PT = 1 atmosphere = 760mmH g.
Using the relation,
PT = PA∘X A + PB∘X B, we get
PB∘ = 1000mmH g, X A + X B = 1 }
or 760 = 520X A + 1000 − 1000X A
or 480X A = 240
240 1
or X A = = or 50 mol. percent
480 2

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Question176
The vapour pressure of water at 20∘ C is 17.5mmH g. If 18 g of glucose (C6H 12O6) is added to 178.2g of
water at 20∘ C, the vapour pressure of the resulting solution will be
[2008]
Options:

A. 17.325mmH g

B. 15.750mmH g

C. 16.500mmH g

D. 17.500mmH g

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Note: On addition of glucose to water, vapour pressure of water will decrease. The vapour pressure of a solution of glucose in water can be calculated
using the relation
P∘ − Ps Moles of glucose in solution
=
P∘ Moles of water in solution
17.5 − Ps 18 ∕ 180
or = [∵P∘ = 17.5]
17.5 178.2 ∕ 18
0.1 × 17.5
or 17.5 − Ps =
9.9
or Ps = 17.325mmH g.

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Question177
A mixture of ethyl alcohol and propyl alcohol has a vapour pressure of 290mm at 300K . The vapour
pressure of propyl alcohol is 200mm. If the mole fraction of ethyl alcohol is 0.6, its vapour pressure (in
mm ) at the same temperature will be
[2007]
Options:

A. 360

B. 350

C. 300

D. 700

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
PA∘ = ?, Given PB∘ = 200mm, X A = 0.6,
X B = 1 − 0.6 = 0.4, P = 290
P = P A + P B = P A ∘ X A + P B∘ X B
290 = PA∘ × 0.6 + 200 × 0.4
∴PA∘ = 350mm

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Question178
Equal masses of methane and oxygen are mixed in an empty container at 25∘ C. The fraction of the total
pressure exerted by oxygen is
[2007]
Options:

A. 1 ∕ 2

B. 2 ∕ 3

C. 1 × 273
3 298

D. 1 ∕ 3

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Let the mass of methane and oxygen = mg.
Mole fraction of O2
Moles of O2
=
Moles of O2 + M ol es of CH 4
m ∕ 32 m ∕ 32 1
= = =
m ∕ 32 + m ∕ 16 3m ∕ 32 3
Partial pressure of O2 = Total pressure × mole fraction of O2,
1 1
PO = P× = P
2 3 3

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Question179
A 5.25% solution of a substance is isotonic with a 1.5% solution of urea (molar mass = 60gmol −1 ) in
the same solvent. If the densities of both the solutions are assumed to be equal to 1.0gcm−3, molar mass
of the substance will be
[2007]
Options:

A. 210.0gmol −1

B. 90.0gmol −1

C. 115.0gmol −1

D. 105.0gmol −1.

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Osmotic pressure (π) of isotonic solutions are equal. For solution of unknown substance
(π = CRT )
5.25 ∕ M
C1 =
V
For solution of urea,
C2( concentration = )
1.5 ∕ 60
V
Given, π1 = π2
∵π = CRT
∴C1RT = C2RT
or C1 = C2
5.25 ∕ M 1.5 ∕ 60
or =
V V
∴M = 210g ∕ mol

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Question180
Among the following mixtures, dipole-dipole as the major interaction, is present in
[2006]
Options:

A. K Cl and water

B. benzene and carbon tetrachloride

C. benzene and ethanol

D. acetonitrile and acetone

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
( δ+
Acetonitrile CH 3 − C ≡ N
δ−
) and acetone

both are polar molecules, hence dipole-dipole interaction exists between them. Between KCl and water, ion-dipole interaction is found and in
benzene-ethanol and benzene- carbon tetrachloride dispersion force is present.

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Question181
Benzene and toluene form nearly ideal solution. At 20∘ C, the vapour pressure of benzene is 75 torr and
that of toluene is 22 torr. The partial vapour pressure of benzene at 20∘ C for a solution containing 78g
of benzene and 46g of toluene in torr is
[2005]
Options:

A. 53.5

B. 37.5

C. 25

D. 50

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Vapour pressure of benzene = 75 torr
Vapour pressure of toluene = 22 torr
mass of benzene in = 78g
78
Moles of benzene = = 1mol
78
∴ ([Link] of benzene = 78 )
Mass of toluene in solution = 46g
46
Hence moles of toluene = = 0.5mol
92
Now partial pressure of benzene
1 1
= Pb0 ⋅ X b = 75× = 75×
1 + 0.5 1.5
2
= 75× = 50
3

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Question182
Equimolar solutions in the same solvent have
[2005]
Options:

A. Different boiling and different freezing points

B. Same boiling and same freezing points

C. Same freczing point but different boiling points

D. Same boiling point but different freezing points

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Equimolar solutions of normal solutes in the same solvent will have the same b. pts and same f . pts.

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Question183
For which of the following parameters, the structural isomers C2H 5OH and CH 3OCH 3 would be
expected to have the same values?(Assume ideal behaviour).
[2004]
Options:

A. Boiling points
B. Vapour pressure at the same temperature

C. Heat of vaporization

D. Gaseous densities at the same temperature and pressure

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Gaseous densities of ethanol and dimethyl ether would be same at same temperature and pressure. The heat of vaporisation, V.P. and [Link] will differ
due to H bonding in ethanol.

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Question184
Which of the following liquid pairs shows a positive deviation from Raoult's law?
[2004]
Options:

A. Water - nitric acid

B. Benzene-methanol

C. Water - hydrochloric acid

D. Acetone-chloroform

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Note: Positive deviations are shown by such solutions in which solvent-solvent and solute-solute interactions are stronger than the solvent-solute
interactions. In such solutions, the interactions among molecules becomes weaker. Therefore, their escaping tendency increases which results in the
increase in their partial vapour pressure.
In a solution of methanol there exists intermolecular H-bonding.

In this solution benzene molecules come between methanol molecules which weaken intermolecular forces. This results in increase in vapour
pressure.

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Question185
Which one of the following aqueous solutions will exihibit highest boiling point?
[2004]
Options:

A. 0.015M urea

B. 0.01M K N O3

C. 0.01M N a2SO4

D. 0.015M glucose

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
∵∆T b = T b − T ∘
Where T b = b . pt of solution
T b∘ = [Link] of solvent or T b = T b∘ + ∆ T b
Note: Elevation in boiling point is a colligative property, which depends upon the no. of particles. Thus greater the number of particles, greater is it
elevation and hence greater will be its boiling point.
N a2SO4 ⇌ 2N a+ + SO42−
Since N a2SO4 has maximum number of particles (3), hence has maximum boiling point.

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Question186
Which one of the following statements is FALSE?
[2004]
Options:

A. The correct order of osmotic pressure for 0.01M aqueous solution of each compound is BaCl 2 > K Cl > CH 3COOH > sucrose

B. The osmotic pressure (π) of a solution is given by the equation π = MRT, where M is the molarity of the solution

C. Raoult's law states that the vapour pressure of a component over a solution is proportional to its mole fraction

D. Two sucrose solutions of same molality prepared in different solvents will have same freczing point depression

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
∆T f = i × K f × m.
Since K f has different values for different solvents, hence even if m is same, ∆T f will be different.

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Question187
If liquids A and B form an ideal solution
[2003]
Options:

A. the entropy of mixing is zero

B. the free energy of mixing is zero

C. the free energy as well as the entropy of mixing is zero

D. the enthalpy of mixing is zero

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
When A and B form an ideal solution, ∆H mix =0

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Question188
A pressure cooker reduces cooking time for food because
[2003]
Options:

A. boiling point of water involved in cooking is increased

B. the higher pressure inside the cooker crushes the food material

C. cooking involves chemical changes helped by a rise in temperature

D. heat is more evenly distributed in the cooking space

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Note: On increasing pressure, the temperature is also increased. Thus in pressure cooker due to increase in pressure the b.p. of water increases.

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Question189
In a 0.2 molal aqueous solution of a weak acid H X , the degree of ionization is 0.3. Taking K f for water
as 1.85, the freezing point of the solution will be nearest to
[2003]
Options:

A. −0.360∘C

B. −0.260∘C

C. +0.480∘C

D. −0.480∘C

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
∆T f = i × K f × m;
∆T f = 1.85 × 0.2 × 1.3 = 0.480∘C
(H X ⇌ H + + X −, i = 1.3)
1 − 0.3
∆T f = T f ∘ − T f
∴T f = 0 − 0.480∘C = −0.480∘C

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Question190
In mixture A and B components show -ve deviation as
[2002]
Options:

A. ∆V mix > 0 [2002]

B. ∆H mix <0

C. A − B interaction is weaker than A − A and B − B interaction

D. A − B interaction is stronger than A − A and B − B interaction.

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
In solution containing A and B component showing negative deviation A-A and B-B interactions are weaker than that of A-B interactions. For such
solutions,
∆H = −ve and ∆V = −ve

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Question191
Freczing point of an aqueous solution is (−0.186)∘ C. Elevation of boiling point of the same solution is
K b = 0.512∘ C, K f = 1.86∘ C, find the increase in boiling point.
[2002]
Options:

A. 0.186∘C

B. 0.0512∘C

C. 0.092∘C

D. 0.2372∘C.

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
WB
∆T b = K b × 1000
MB×WA
WB
∆T f = K f × 1000
MB×WA
∆T b K b ∆T b 0.512
= ; =
∆T f K f 0.186 1.86
= 0.0512∘C.

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