Chapter 1 – Introduction to Computer
1.1 What is a Computer?
• A computer is an electronic machine that accepts data (input), processes it using
instructions (processing), stores it (storage), and produces results (output).
• Block diagram of a computer system (simple flow):
Input → Processing (CPU) → Output
Storage
1.2 Applications of Computers
• Education – online classes, digital libraries, smart classrooms.
• Business – billing, inventory management, data analysis.
• Healthcare – patient records, diagnostic equipment.
• Banking – online transactions, ATMs, mobile banking.
• Entertainment – movies, music, gaming.
1.3 IT Gadgets
• Smartphones – mini computers in hand, apps for everything.
• Tablets – used in education, hospitals, business presentations.
• Smartwatches – health monitoring, call notifications.
• IoT devices – Alexa, Google Home, Smart TVs.
1.4 Hardware Components
1. Input Devices – used to give instructions/data.
o Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone.
2. Output Devices – show results.
o Monitor, Printer, Speakers.
3. Storage Devices –
o Primary Memory:
▪ RAM (Temporary, volatile).
▪ ROM (Permanent, non-volatile).
o Secondary Storage:
▪ Hard Disk, SSD, Pen drive, CD/DVD.
4. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
o ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) → performs calculations.
o CU (Control Unit) → directs operations.
o Registers → small storage inside CPU.
Diagram: Computer Components
+-------------------+
Input → | | → Output
Devices | CPU | Devices
| ALU + CU + Memory |
+-------------------+
Storage
1.5 Software
1. System Software
o Controls hardware and runs applications.
o Examples: Windows, Linux, iOS, Android.
2. Application Software
o Used for specific tasks.
o Examples: MS Office, Browsers, Tally.
3. Mobile Apps
o WhatsApp, Gmail app, Paytm.
1.6 Connecting Devices to CPU
• Keyboard/Mouse → USB or wireless.
• Monitor → VGA/HDMI/Display Port.
• Printer → USB/Wi-Fi.
1.7 Practical Tasks
• Turn on computer → identify desktop, icons.
• Connect a pendrive → open file.
• Open “This PC” → check drives (C:, D:, E:).
• Check Device Manager to see hardware list.
1.8 Key Differences Table
Hardware Software
Physical part of computer Set of instructions/programs
Can be touched (mouse, monitor) Cannot be touched (Windows, MS Word)
Lifetime depends on wear & tear Can be updated/upgraded
1.9 Exam Tips
• Always remember IPO Cycle (Input-Process-Output).
• RAM = temporary, ROM = permanent.
• System Software runs the computer; Application Software helps you do tasks.
• Examples of IT gadgets are often asked.
Chapter 2 – Operating System (OS)
2.1 What is an Operating System?
• An Operating System (OS) is a system software that acts as an interface between
user and hardware.
• It controls files, processes, memory, and input-output devices.
Examples:
• Desktop/Laptop → Windows, Linux (Ubuntu), macOS.
• Mobile/Tablet → Android, iOS.
2.2 Functions of OS
1. Process Management – runs programs.
2. Memory Management – allocates RAM to apps.
3. File Management – creates, deletes, stores files.
4. Device Management – controls printer, USB, keyboard.
5. User Interface – GUI (Windows), CLI (Command Prompt).
2.3 Desktop User Interface
• Taskbar → Shows open programs, start menu, clock.
• Icons & Shortcuts → Easy access to files/software.
• Start Menu → Programs, settings, shutdown options.
2.4 Basic OS Settings
• Change Date/Time → Control Panel → Date & Time.
• Change Wallpaper & Display → Right click Desktop → Personalize.
• Install/Uninstall Programs → Control Panel → Programs.
• File Management:
o Create, Rename, Copy, Delete folders.
o File extensions → .docx, .jpg, .mp3, .exe.
2.5 Practical Tasks
• Create a folder named BCC Practice.
• Create a text file inside, rename it.
• Check file properties (size, type, location).
• Change system date/time and observe.
2.6 Key Differences Table
Windows Linux
Easy GUI, user-friendly Free, open-source
More software support Secure, customizable
2.7 Exam Tips
• OS is a system software, not application software.
• File extension questions are common. Example:
o .jpg = image, .mp3 = audio, .exe = executable.
Chapter 3 – Word Processing
3.1 What is Word Processing?
• A word processor is a software for creating, editing, formatting documents.
• Examples: MS Word, LibreOffice Writer.
3.2 Key Features
1. Document Creation – Open, Save, Save As.
2. Editing – Cut, Copy, Paste, Undo, Redo.
3. Formatting – Change font, size, color, alignment.
4. Spelling/Grammar – AutoCorrect, Proofing tools.
5. Find & Replace – Locate words quickly.
6. Tables – Insert, merge, split, add borders/shading.
7. Page Setup – Margins, Orientation (Portrait/Landscape).
8. Print Options – Print Preview, Print PDF.
3.3 Practical Tasks
• Type a paragraph → Change font style & size.
• Insert a table with 3 rows & 3 columns.
• Add header with your name & footer with page number.
• Save file as PDF.
3.4 Common Shortcut Keys
• Ctrl+C = Copy
• Ctrl+V = Paste
• Ctrl+S = Save
• Ctrl+Z = Undo
• Ctrl+F = Find
3.5 Exam Tips
• Always know difference between Save and Save As.
• Word Processing = application software.
Chapter 4 – Spreadsheet
4.1 What is a Spreadsheet?
• A spreadsheet is software for data entry, calculations, and charting.
• Examples: MS Excel, LibreOffice Calc.
4.2 Basic Concepts
• Cell = Intersection of row & column (e.g., A1).
• Row = Horizontal, numbered 1,2,3…
• Column = Vertical, labeled A,B,C…
• Worksheet = Single sheet.
• Workbook = Multiple worksheets.
4.3 Operations
1. Enter data (text, numbers, dates).
2. Format cells (font, size, alignment).
3. Insert/Delete rows & columns.
4. AutoFill → drag to repeat numbers/dates.
4.4 Formulas & Functions
• Formulas: Begin with =
o =A1+B1 (Addition)
o =A1-B1 (Subtraction)
o =A1*B1 (Multiplication)
• Functions:
o =SUM(A1:A5)
o =AVERAGE(A1:A5)
o =MAX(A1:A5) / =MIN(A1:A5)
4.5 Charts
• Column Chart → Compare values.
• Pie Chart → Show percentage share.
• Line Chart → Show trends.
4.6 Practical Tasks
• Create marks table for 5 students.
• Calculate total, average using formulas.
• Create a bar chart for marks.
4.7 Exam Tips
• Formula starts with = sign.
• Difference: Workbook = many worksheets.
Chapter 5 – Presentations
5.1 What is a Presentation?
• A presentation software is used to display information visually in slides.
• Examples: MS PowerPoint, LibreOffice Impress.
5.2 Features
1. Create slides (Blank/Template).
2. Insert text, pictures, tables, charts.
3. Slide Design – Layouts, Themes, Backgrounds.
4. Animations & Transitions.
5. Slide Show – Automatic or manual.
6. Printing – Handouts, notes.
5.3 Practical Tasks
• Make 5-slide presentation on “Digital India”.
• Insert one picture, one table, and one chart.
• Add transition effect to each slide.
5.4 Exam Tips
• Presentation software = application software.
• Handouts = multiple slides on a page.
Chapter 6 – Networks & Internet
6.1 Computer Networks
• LAN (Local Area Network) → within a small area (school, office).
• WAN (Wide Area Network) → large area (Internet).
6.2 Internet Basics
• WWW (World Wide Web) = collection of websites.
• URL = address of website (e.g., https://www.google.com).
• ISP = Internet Service Provider (Airtel, Jio).
6.3 Internet Connections
• Wi-Fi, Hotspot, LAN Cable, Broadband, Mobile Data.
6.4 Browsers
• Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Opera.
6.5 Common Tasks
• Open browser → Search with Google.
• Download & Print webpage.
6.6 Exam Tips
• LAN = small, WAN = large.
• URL always begins with http:// or https://.
Chapter 7 – Email, Social Media & e-Governance
7.1 Email
• Structure: [email protected]
• Tasks: Compose, Reply, Forward, Attach file.
7.2 Social Networking
• Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn → connect people.
• WhatsApp, Telegram → Instant messaging.
Netiquette: Be polite, no spamming, respect privacy.
7.3 e-Governance
• Online Services:
o Railway ticket booking (IRCTC).
o Passport services.
o eHospital ORS.
o UMANG App for multiple services.
o DigiLocker – store government documents.
7.4 Exam Tips
• Difference between Email ID and Password.
• DigiLocker = secure document storage.
Chapter 8 – Digital Financial Tools
8.1 Digital Finance Basics
• OTP = One Time Password (extra security).
• QR Code = Used for payments (scan & pay).
8.2 Tools
1. UPI → PhonePe, Google Pay, Paytm.
2. AEPS → Aadhaar card-based banking.
3. USSD → *99# for offline banking.
4. Cards → Debit, Credit, Prepaid.
5. eWallets → Paytm Wallet, Amazon Pay.
6. PoS Machines → Used in shops to swipe card.
8.3 Internet Banking
• NEFT – Batch transfer, takes hours.
• RTGS – Real-time, high value (>2 lakhs).
• IMPS – Instant, 24×7.
8.4 Online Bill Payment
• Electricity, Water, Mobile Recharge, DTH.
8.5 Exam Tips
• NEFT = delayed, RTGS = real-time, IMPS = instant.
• QR code = Quick Response code.
