AU-317 “Fluid Mechanics”
Lecture-40 Pipe flow-Introduction\
By
Dr.-Ing. Syed Mushahid Hussain Hashmi
AU-317 Fluid Mechanics by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid H Hashmi (Lec 40- Pipe flow – Introduction ) 1
Lecture content
Typical Piping system
Laminar and Turbulent flow in pipes
Different forms of Reynold’s Number
Average velocity
Hydraulic diameter
Fully developed flow
AU-317 Fluid Mechanics by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid H Hashmi (Lec 40- Pipe flow – Introduction ) 2
Typical piping system
AU-317 Fluid Mechanics by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid H Hashmi (Lec 40- Pipe flow – Introduction ) 3
Typical piping system
Pipe Flow:
The pipe is assumed to be
completely full of the flowing
fluid. Gravity acts but the main
driving force is the pressure
gradient in the pipe.
Open Channel Flow:
Gravity alone is the driving
force—the water flows down a hill
AU-317 Fluid Mechanics by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid H Hashmi (Lec 40- Pipe flow – Introduction ) 4
Laminar and Turbulent flow in a pipe
A flow in a pipe may be characterized as laminar, transitional, or turbulent.
These characteristics are dependent
on the value of the Reynolds Number,
If Re D 2100 Laminar
which is defined as:
If Re D 4000 Turbulent
VD
Re D
2 4Q
Q VA D V , Re D
V Average velocity 4 D
AU-317 Fluid Mechanics by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid H Hashmi (Lec 40- Pipe flow – Introduction ) 5
Average velocity
4Q 4m
Re D , m Q, Re D
D D
Q 1
AverageVelocity Vavg V . dA
A AA
AU-317 Fluid Mechanics by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid H Hashmi (Lec 40- Pipe flow – Introduction ) 6
Reynold’s Number for non-circular cross section
For flow through noncircular pipes, the
Reynolds number is based on the hydraulic
diameter Dh defined as:
4 Ac
Dh
Pw
Ac Cross sectional area
Pw Wetted perimeter
What will be the wetter perimeter?
Answer: B+2y
AU-317 Fluid Mechanics by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid H Hashmi (Lec 40- Pipe flow – Introduction ) 7
Hydrodynamically fully developed region
The region beyond the entrance region in which the velocity profile is fully
developed and remains unchanged is called the hydrodynamically fully
developed region.
AU-317 Fluid Mechanics by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid H Hashmi (Lec 40- Pipe flow – Introduction )
Wall shear stress in fully developed flow
In the fully developed flow region of a pipe, the velocity profile does not
change downstream, and thus the wall shear stress remains constant as well.
AU-317 Fluid Mechanics by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid H Hashmi (Lec 40- Pipe flow – Introduction )
Pressure distribution along a horizontal pipe
In a fully developed flow region of a pipe, the pressure gradient remains
constant.
AU-317 Fluid Mechanics by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid H Hashmi (Lec 40- Pipe flow – Introduction )
CW-Problem
Problem: The accepted transition Reynolds number for flow in a circular pipe
is 2300. For flow through a 5-cm-diameter pipe, at what velocity will this
occur at 20°C for (a) airflow and (b) water flow?
For Water at 1 atm For Air at 1 atm
AU-317 Fluid Mechanics by Dr.-Ing. S. Mushahid H Hashmi (Lec 40- Pipe flow – Introduction )
