PRESSURE
PRESSURE
1. Two boys X and Y each have the same total 3. The diagram shows a glass block resting on a table
weight and are standing on soft ground. top.
The area of the block in contact with the table is X
and the area of the table top is Y. The weight of the
block is P and the weight of the table is Q. Which
expression gives the pressure exerted on the table by
the block?
AP/X BP/Y CQ/X DQ/Y
4. A small table weighing 40 N stands on four legs,
each having an area of 0.001 m2.
What is the pressure of the table on the floor?
A 400 N / m2 B 1000 N / m2
2
C 10 000 N / m D 40 000 N / m2
Which boy is more likely to sink into the soft
ground and why?
boy more pressure on soft
likely to sink ground
A X larger than Y
B X smaller than Y
C Y larger than X
D Y smaller than X 5. A brick of weight 80 N stands upright on the ground
as shown.
2. Which diagram shows the child exerting least
pressure on the ground?
B
What is the pressure it exerts on the ground?
A 80 __ N / cm2 B 20 x 10 N / cm2
20 x 10 80
C 80__ N / cm2 D 10 x 5 N / cm2
10 x 5 80
6. Which would be the least likely to sink into soft
ground?
A a loaded lorry with four wheels
B a loaded lorry with six wheels
C an empty lorry with four wheels
D an empty lorry with six wheels
7. On a frozen lake, the ice will break if the
pressure on it is greater than 1.0 N/cm2. Four
boys stand on the ice. Which one will fall
through?
weight of
area of feet
boy
A 200 N 270 cm2
B 300 N 250 cm2
C 400 N 500 cm2
D 500 N 560 cm2
8
Atmospheric pressure is 100 000Pa (100 000
N/m2).
What is the total weight of the atmosphere
11 Some gas is trapped in a cylinder which is fitted
pressing down on a flat horizontal roof of with a gas-tight piston.
dimensions 4m x 2 m?
A 1250N B 12 500N C 100 000N D 800 000N
The gas of pressure G exerts a force F on the piston
of surface area S.
The diagrams show, to the same scale, the Which is the correct relationship between G, F and S
9
vertical sections of a set of circular vessels, each ?
containing the same depth of water. AFxS=G BGxS=F
CS÷F=G DS÷G=F
12
What does not affect the pressure at a point beneath
the surface of a liquid?
A area of the liquid surface
B density of the liquid
C depth of the point below the surface
D strength of the gravitational field
The height of the column of mercury in a mercury
13
barometer on a particular day is measured at 75 cm.
What is the value of the atmospheric pressure?
(density of mercury = 13600 kg/m 3, g = 10 N/kg)
Which one of the following statements is A 1810Pa B 10 200Pa
correct? C 102 000Pa D 181 000Pa
A The water exerts the greatest pressure on the
base of vessel P.
B The water exerts the greatest pressure on the A manometer is being used to measure the pressure
base of vessel S. 14
of the gas inside a tank. A, B, C and D show the
C The water exerts the same force on the base of manometer at different times. At which time is the
each vessel. gas pressure inside the tank greatest?
D The water exerts the same pressure on the base
of each vessel
The diagrams show two divers swimming in the
10 sea and two divers swimming in fresh water. Sea
water is more dense than fresh water.
On which diver is there the greatest pressure?
PRESSURE
THEORY
Q 1. Fig. 1.1 shows a piece of glass being lifted by a suction cup.
Fig. 1.1
Air is removed from the cup by a vacuum pump and a partial vacuum is created inside the cup . Atmospheric
pressure outside pushes the glass on to the cup.
The area of the glass covered by the cup is 0.0025m2. The pressure inside the cup is reduced to 60 000Pa.
Atmospheric pressure outside is 100 000Pa.
(a) (i) State the formula that relates pressure to force and to area.
…………………………………............................................................................................................................
`
(ii) Calculate the greatest weight of glass that can be lifted with this cup.
weight = …………………………
[4]
(b) State two changes that would allow a suction cup to lift a heavier piece of glass.
1. .....................................................................................................................................................................
2. ................................................................................................................................................................. [2]
. 2 Fig. 2.1 shows an oil drum floating in water. Force F is the force acting upwards on the bottom surface of the
drum caused by the pressure in the water.
Fig. 2.1
(a) On Fig. 2.1 draw and label an arrow X to show the force exerted by the air on the top surface of the drum,
and an arrow W to show the weight of the drum.
[1]
(b) Atmospheric pressure is 100 000Pa and acts on the top surface of the drum and on the water surface.
The drum has a top surface of area 0.30m2. Calculate the force that the air exerts on this surface.
force = .....................................[2]
(c) The pressure in water increases by 10 000Pa for each metre increase in depth below the surface. The bottom
surface of the drum is 0.8m below the water surface. Calculate the total pressure in the water at this depth.
pressure = ................................[2]
Q.3 Fig. 3.1 shows a water manometer used to measure the pressure inside a gas pipe.
Fig. 3.1 Fig. 3.2 Fig. 3.3
(a) State whether the pressure inside the gas pipe in Fig. 3.1 is larger than or smaller than atmospheric pressure.
………………………………...............................................................................................................................[1]
(b) The manometers shown in Figs. 3.2 and 3.3 are connected to the same gas pipe at the same pressure as
shown in Fig. 3.1.
On Figs. 3.2 and 3.3, draw the levels of the liquid in each manometer if
(i) the manometer in Fig. 3.2 contains water and has tubes with twice the diameter of Fig. 3.1,
(ii) the manometer in Fig. 3.3 contains a liquid with density half that of water.
[2]
(c) The manometer shown in Fig. 3.4 has its top end sealed.
PRESSURE
Pressure:
(Def.) Force acting perpendicularly per unit area is pressure.
Formula:
Pressure = Force
Area
Units: N/m2or pascal (pa)
Dependance:
(i) Force: pressure force for constant area
(ii) Area: pressure area for constant force
Hydrostatic pressure:
Fluid Pressure = (depth)(density of fluid)(gravitational field strength)
P=h
