Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition

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Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing 7th Edition Paula D.
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 Preface
NOTE TO THE STUDENT
The Study Guide for Understanding Medical-Surgical Nursing has
been written and edited exclusively by us, the authors and associate
editors, to accompany the seventh edition of Understanding Medical-
Surgical Nursing. We have included exercises that not only help you
review content, but will also help you develop your critical thinking
and clinical judgment abilities. It is essential for you to be able to
think critically about the content as you prepare for the NCLEX-PN.
We hope you will use this resource as well as Davis Advantage.

SUGGESTIONS FOR USING THE STUDY GUIDE

Each chapter includes:
• Case study questions that accompany an audio case study found
on Davis Advantage. Listen to the audio scenario and the
information noted by both the nurse and the patient to answer the
questions.
• An exercise to help you practice chapter vocabulary items. It is
important to understand the underlying vocabulary before
attempting to apply the terms to understand the remainder of the
information in each chapter.
• Basic matching, true/false, word scramble, prioritization, and
other exercises to accommodate various learning styles. These
exercises will allow you to practice and understand medical-
surgical nursing information.
• Critical thinking and clinical judgment exercises to help you
practice your new knowledge in patient situations and to provide
practice in making good clinical judgments. We feel strongly that
you must learn to think critically and make good judgments, rather
than just memorize facts. The answers we provide to your
 instructors for these exercises are just some of the possibilities.
You will come up with additional answers of your own as your
knowledge base expands.
• SBAR, ISBARR, or CUS communication exercises. These exercises
will help you practice important communication skills with the
health-care team.
• NCLEX-PN–style questions to provide practice in applying your
new knowledge. Rationale for why an answer is correct or
incorrect has been included to strengthen your critical thinking
and test-taking abilities.
• Function and Data Collection chapters also include a labeling
exercise to help you review basic anatomy.

STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS

• To students: Study Guide answers are only available in the
Instructor Resources. Ask your instructor about accessing
answers.
• To instructors: Study Guide answers are posted in the Instructor
Resources on [Link]. Students do not have access to
Study Guide answers. Please provide answers to students
according to their needs.

We hope you find this study guide useful. Happy studying and
learning to provide safe patient-centered nursing care!
PAULA D. HOPPER,
LINDA S. WILLIAMS,
JENNIFER A. OTMANOWSKI,
AND LAZETTE V. NOWICKI
 Contents
UNIT ONE
Understanding Health Care Issues
1 Critical Thinking, Clinical Judgment, and the Nursing Process
2 Evidence-Based Practice
3 Issues in Nursing Practice
4 Cultural Influences on Nursing Care
5 Complementary and Alternative Modalities

UNIT TWO
Understanding Health and Illness
6 Nursing Care of Patients With Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid–Base
Imbalances
7 Nursing Care of Patients Receiving Intravenous Therapy
8 Nursing Care of Patients With Infections
9 Nursing Care of Patients in Shock
10 Nursing Care of Patients in Pain
11 Nursing Care of Patients With Cancer
12 Nursing Care of Patients Having Surgery
13 Nursing Care of Patients With Emergent Conditions and
Disaster/Bioterrorism Response

UNIT THREE
Understanding Influences on Health and Illness
14 Developmental Considerations and Chronic Illness in the Nursing
Care of Adults
15 Nursing Care of Older Adult Patients
16 Patient Care Settings
17 Nursing Care of Patients at the End of Life
UNIT FOUR
Understanding the Immune System
18 Immune System Function, Data Collection, and Therapeutic
Measures
19 Nursing Care of Patients With Immune Disorders
20 Nursing Care of Patients With HIV and AIDS

UNIT FIVE
Understanding the Cardiovascular System
21 Cardiovascular System Function, Data Collection, and
Therapeutic Measures
22 Nursing Care of Patients With Hypertension
23 Nursing Care of Patients With Valvular, Inflammatory, and
Infectious Cardiac or Venous Disorders
24 Nursing Care of Patients With Occlusive Cardiovascular
Disorders
25 Nursing Care of Patients With Cardiac Arrhythmias
26 Nursing Care of Patients With Heart Failure

UNIT SIX
Understanding the Hematologic and Lymphatic Systems
27 Hematologic and Lymphatic System Function, Data Collection,
and Therapeutic Measures
28 Nursing Care of Patients With Hematologic and Lymphatic
Disorders

UNIT SEVEN
Understanding the Respiratory System
29 Respiratory System Function, Data Collection, and Therapeutic
Measures
30 Nursing Care of Patients With Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders
31 Nursing Care of Patients With Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders
UNIT EIGHT
Understanding the Gastrointestinal, Hepatic, and Pancreatic
Systems
32 Gastrointestinal, Hepatobiliary, and Pancreatic Systems
Function, Data Collection, and Therapeutic Measures
33 Nursing Care of Patients With Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders
34 Nursing Care of Patients With Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders
35 Nursing Care of Patients With Liver, Pancreatic, and Gallbladder
Disorders

UNIT NINE
Understanding the Urinary System
36 Urinary System Function, Data Collection, and Therapeutic
Measures
37 Nursing Care of Patients With Disorders of the Urinary System

UNIT TEN
Understanding the Endocrine System
38 Endocrine System Function and Data Collection
39 Nursing Care of Patients With Endocrine Disorders
40 Nursing Care of Patients With Disorders of the Endocrine
Pancreas

UNIT ELEVEN
Understanding the Genitourinary and Reproductive System
41 Genitourinary and Reproductive System Function and Data
Collection
42 Nursing Care of Women With Reproductive System Disorders
43 Nursing Care of Male Patients With Genitourinary Disorders
44 Nursing Care of Patients With Sexually Transmitted Infections

UNIT TWELVE
Understanding the Musculoskeletal System
45 Musculoskeletal Function and Data Collection
46 Nursing Care of Patients With Musculoskeletal and Connective
Tissue Disorders

UNIT THIRTEEN
Understanding the Neurologic System
47 Neurologic System Function, Data Collection, and Therapeutic
Measures
48 Nursing Care of Patients With Central Nervous System Disorders
49 Nursing Care of Patients With Cerebrovascular Disorders
50 Nursing Care of Patients With Peripheral Nervous System
Disorders

UNIT FOURTEEN
Understanding the Sensory System
51 Sensory System Function, Data Collection, and Therapeutic
Measures: Vision and Hearing
52 Nursing Care of Patients With Sensory Disorders: Vision and
Hearing

UNIT FIFTEEN
Understanding the Integumentary System
53 Integumentary System Function, Data Collection, and
Therapeutic Measures
54 Nursing Care of Patients With Skin Disorders
55 Nursing Care of Patients With Burns

UNIT SIXTEEN
Understanding Mental Health Care
56 Mental Health Function, Data Collection, and Therapeutic
Measures
57 Nursing Care of Patients With Mental Health Disorders
UNIT ONE Understanding Health Care
Issues
Chapter 1
Critical Thinking, Clinical
Judgment, and the Nursing
Process

Name: __________________________________
Date: __________________________________
Course: __________________________________
Instructor: __________________________________

AUDIO CASE STUDY

Listen to the audio case study available on Davis Advantage and
then answer the following questions.
Jane Practices Clinical Judgment
1. What are the steps involved in clinical judgment?
______________________________________________________
_
______________________________________________________
_
2. What cues did Jane collect about her situation? What data could
you collect about your situation as a nursing student trying to
balance multiple roles?
______________________________________________________
_
 ______________________________________________________
_
3. What resources did Jane have to draw on to help her manage the
multiple demands on her time? What resources do you have?
______________________________________________________
_
______________________________________________________
_
4. What examples do you see in this case study of critical thinking? Of
clinical judgment?
Critical thinking _____________________________________
_____________________________________
Clinical judgment _____________________________________
_____________________________________

VOCABULARY
Define the following terms and use them in sentences.
Nursing process
Definition: __________________________________
___________________________________________
Sentence: ___________________________________
___________________________________________
Critical thinking
Definition: __________________________________
___________________________________________
Sentence: ___________________________________
___________________________________________
Clinical judgment
Definition: __________________________________
___________________________________________
Sentence: ___________________________________
___________________________________________
Cue
Definition: __________________________________
___________________________________________
Sentence: ___________________________________
___________________________________________
Collaboration
Definition: __________________________________
___________________________________________
Sentence: ___________________________________
___________________________________________
Intervention
Definition: __________________________________
___________________________________________
Sentence: ___________________________________
___________________________________________
Evaluation
Definition: __________________________________
___________________________________________
Sentence: ___________________________________
___________________________________________
Vigilance
Definition: __________________________________
___________________________________________
Sentence: ___________________________________
___________________________________________

CRITICAL THINKING AND CLINICAL

JUDGMENT
Define critical thinking and clinical judgment. How are they alike?
How are they different?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
 ___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________

CUE RECOGNITION
Look at each set of cues and determine the FIRST action you should
take.
1. Your patient is lying flat in bed, gasping for breath.
__________________________________
__________________________________
2. You see your neighbor across the street, clutching his chest, then
falling to the ground.
__________________________________
__________________________________
3. Your patient on bedrest has large black areas on the back of each
heel.
__________________________________
__________________________________
4. Your patient with diabetes is agitated.
__________________________________
__________________________________
5. Your patient lying supine in bed begins to vomit.
__________________________________
__________________________________

CRITICAL THINKING
Sometimes cognitive maps are used to organize thinking. (Look at
samples in the Aging sections of any of the textbook function and
data collection chapters.) In this workbook, some chapters will ask
you to make a cognitive map, so here is an opportunity to practice.
Consider a time when you have had a headache or other discomfort.
 Fill in the spaces with information related to the WHAT’S UP?
questions. Once you answer the questions, you could go even
further and make links with possible interventions. There is no one
right way to make a cognitive map—use your imagination!

REVIEW QUESTIONS
Choose the best answer unless directed otherwise.

1. In which of the following ways is critical thinking useful to the

nursing process?

1. It highlights the solution to a problem.

2. It can lead to a better outcome for the patient.
3. It simplifies the process.

4. It helps the nurse arrive at a solution more quickly.

2. Which nurse is exhibiting intellectual humility?

1. The nurse who is an expert at wound care

2. The nurse who reports an error to the supervisor
3. The nurse who empathizes with the patient who is grieving
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