PYTHON LAB

1) Write a program to find the largest element among three

numbers.

num1 = 10
num2 = 14
num3 = 12

# uncomment following lines to take three numbers from user

#num1 = float(input(“Enter first number: “))
#num2 = float(input(“Enter second number: “))
#num3 = float(input(“Enter third number: “))

if (num1 >= num2) and (num1 >= num3):

largest = num1
elif (num2 >= num1) and (num2 >= num3):
largest = num2
else:
largest = num3
print(“The largest number is”, largest)

Output:
The largest number is 14

2) Write a program to display all prime numbers within an

internal.

lower = 900
upper = 1000

print(“Prime numbers between”, lower, “and”, upper, “are:”)

for num in range(lower, upper + 1):

# all prime numbers are greater than 1
if num > 1:
for i in range(2, num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break
else:
print( num)
Output:
Prime numbers between 900 to 1000 are:
907
911
919
929
937
941
947
953
967
971
977
983
991
997
3) Write a program to swap two numbers without using a
temporary variable.

x = 10
y=5

# code to swap
# 'x' and 'y'

if y == 0:
y=x
x=0
elif x == 0:
x=y
y=0
else:
x=x*y
y = x // y
x = x // y
print("After Swapping: x =", x, " y =", y)

Output :
After swapping: x=5,u=10

4) Demonstrate the following Operations in python with

suitable example
A) Artimetic operation:
X=5
Y=3
print(X+Y)

Output:
8

B) Relational operators:
a=5
b= 10
print(a == b)
output : False
print(a != b)
output: True
print(a < b)
Output: True
print(a <= b)
Output: True
print(a > b)
Output: False
print(a >= b)
Output: False

C) Assignment operation:

# assign 10 to a
a= 10

# assign 5 to b
b=5

# assign the sum of a and b to a

a+= b #a=a+b
print(a)

Output: 15

D) logical operator:

# logical AND
x=5
print (x>3 and x<10)
Output: True

# logical OR
x=5
print(x>3 and x<4)

Output : false

# logical NOT
x=5
print(not(x>3 and x<10))
Output : False

e) Bitwise operators:

a = 10
b=4

# Print bitwise AND operation

print(“a & b =”, a & b)
Output: A&b=0

F) Ternary operator:
# Program to demonstrate ternary operator
a = 10
b = 20

# python ternary operator

min = “a is minimum” if a < b else “b is minimum”
print(min)
Output: A is minimum
G) membership operator and identify operation:
# initialized some sequences
list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
str1 = “Hello World”
set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
dict1 = {1: “Geeks”, 2:”for”, 3:”geeks”}
tup1 = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

# using membership ‘in’ operator

# checking an integer in a list
print(2 in list1)

# checking a character in a string

print(‘O’ in str1)

# checking an integer in a set

print(6 in set1)

# checking for a key in a dictionary

print(3 in dict1)
# checking for an integer in a tuple
print(9 in tup1)
Output:
True
False
True
False

5) Write a program to add and multiply complex numbers:

# Python program to add two complex number

# Enter first complex number i.e. 3+4j not 3+4i

first = complex(input(‘Enter first complex number: ‘))
second = complex(input(‘Enter first complex number: ‘))

# Addition of complex number

Addition = first + second

# Displaying Sum
print(‘SUM = ‘, addition)
Output:
Enter first complex number: 2+3j
Enter first complex number: 4+6j
SUM = (6+9j)

6) Write a program to print multiplication table of a given

number
# Multiplication table (from 1 to 10) in Python

num = 12
# To take input from the user
# num = int(input(“Display multiplication table of? “))

# Iterate 10 times from I = 1 to 10

for i in range(1, 11):
print(num, ‘x’, i, ‘=’, num*i)
Output:
12×1=12
….
12×10=120
7) Write a program to define a function with multiple return
values.
# A Python program to return multiple
# values from a method using class
class test:
def init (self):
self.str = “geeksforgeeks”
self.x = 20

# This function returns an object of Test

def fun():
return test()

# Driver code to test above method

t = fun()
print(t.str)
print(t.x)
Output:
Geeksforgeeks
20
8) Write a program to define a function using default
arguments.
def student(firstname, lastname =’Mark’, standard =’Fifth’):
print(firstname, lastname, ‘studies in’, standard, ‘Standard’)

# 1 positional argument
student(‘John’)

# 3 positional arguments
student(‘John’, ‘Gates’, ‘Seventh’)

# 2 positional arguments
student(‘John’, ‘Gates’)
student(‘John’, ‘Seventh’)
Output:
John Mark studies in Fifth Standard
John Mark studies in Seventh Standard
John Gates studies in Fifth Standard
9) Write a program to fine the length of the string without using
any library function.
string =’hello’
count=0
for i in string:
count+=1
print(count)

Output
1,2,3,4,5

10) Write a program to check if the substring is present in a

given string or not:

text = “Geeks welcome to the Geek Kingdom!”

if “Geek” in text:
print(“Substring found!”)
else:
print(“Substring not found!”)
if “For” in text:
print(“Substring found!”)
else:
print(“Substring not found!”)
Output:
Substring found!
Substring not found!

10) Write a program to perform the given operations on a list:

A) Addition: Program:
X=5
Y=3
print(X+Y)
Output: 8

B) Insertion:Program:
fruits = [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘cherry’]
fruits.insert(1, “orange”)
print(fruits)
Output: [‘apple’, ‘orange’, ‘banana’, ‘cherry’]
C) Slicing :Program:
a= (“a”, “b”, “c”, “d”, “e”, “f”, “g”, “h”)
x = slice(2)
print(a[x])
Output: (‘a’, ‘b’)

12) Write a program to perform any 5 buil in function by talking

any list
A) Float: Program

x= float(3.7)

print(x)

Output: 3.0

B) Set: Program

x = set((“apple”, “banana”, “cherry”))

print(x)

# Note: the set list is unordered, so the result will display the
items in a random order.
Output: {‘banana’, ‘apple’, ‘cherry’}
 C) string: Program:
x= str(‘hello’)

print(x)
Output: 3.5

D) Tuple: Program:

x= tuple((“apple”, “banana”, “cherry”))

print(x)

Output: (‘banana’, ‘cherry’, ‘apple’)

E) Boolean: Program:

X= bool(1)
print(X)

Output: True

13. Write a program to create tuples (name, age, college,

address) for at least two members and concatenate the tuples
and print the concatenated tuples?

st=((“Aman”,98,SV collage, Kadapa), (“Geet”,95,KSRM collage, Kurnool),

(“Sahil”,87,KLM collage, Hyderabad),(”pawan”,79,CBIT collage, Bangalore))
print(“Name”,”Age”,”collage”,”address”)
for i in range(0,lent(st)):

print((i+1),’\t’,st[i][0],’\’t’,st[i][1],’\t’,st[i][2])

Output:

>> Name Age collage address

>> Aman 98 SV collage kadapa
>> Geet 95 KSRM collage kurnool
>> Sahil 87 KLM collage hyderabad
>> Pawan 79 CBIT collage Bangalore

14) Write a program to count the number of vowels in a string

string = “GeekforGeeks!”
vowels = “aeiouAEIOU”

count = sum(string.count(vowel) for vowel in vowels)

print(count)
Output: 5

15) Write a program to check if a given key Exists in a dictionary or not.

def checkKey(dic, key):
if key in dic.keys():
print(“Present, “, end =” “)
 print(“value =”, dic[key])
else:
print(“Not present”)

# Driver Code
dic = {‘a’: 100, ‘b’:200, ‘c’:300}
key = ‘b’
checkKey(dic, key)

key = ‘w’
checkKey(dic, key)

Output:
Present, value = 200
Not present

16) Write a program to add a new key value pair to an existing dictionary

dict = {‘key1’:’geeks’, ‘key2’:’for’}

dict[‘key3’] = ‘Geeks’
dict[‘key4’] = ‘is’
dict[‘key5’] = ‘portal’
dict[‘key6’] = ‘Computer’
print(dict)
Output:
Current Dict is: {‘key2’: ‘for’, ‘key1’: ‘geeks’} Updated Dict is: {‘key3’: ‘Geeks’,
‘key5’: ‘portal’, ‘key6’: ‘Computer’, ‘key4’: ‘is’, ‘key1’: ‘geeks’, ‘key2’: ‘for’}

17) Write a program to sum all the items in a given dictionary

# Function to print sum

def returnSum(myDict):

list = []
for i in myDict:
list.append(myDict[i])
final = sum(list)

return final

# Driver Function
dict = {‘a’: 100, ‘b’: 200, ‘c’: 300}
print(“Sum :”, returnSum(dict))
Output:
Sum:600
18) Write a program to sort words in a file and put them in another file.
The output file should have only lower-case words, so any upper-case
words from source must be lowed.

# To open the first file in write mode

f1 = open(“sample file 1.txt”, “r”)

# To open the second file in write mode

f2 = open(“sample file 2.txt”, “w”)

# For loop to traverse through the file

for line in f1:

# Writing the content of the first

# file to the second file

# Using upper() function to

# capitalize the letters

f2.write(line.upper())

Output:
19) Python program to print each line of a file in reverse order

# Open the file in write mode

f1 = open("output1.txt", "w")

# Open the input file and get

# the content into a variable data

with open("file.txt", "r") as myfile:

data = myfile.read()

# For Full Reversing we will store the

# value of data into new variable data_1

# in a reverse order using [start: end: step],

# where step when passed -1 will reverse

# the string

data_1 = data[::-1]
# Now we will write the fully reverse

# data in the output1 file using

# following command

f1.write(data_1)

f1.close()
Output
Output1.txt
!skeeg rof
SkeeG olleH

20) Python program to create, display, append, insert and reverse the
order of the items in the array

# Python program to reverse an array

fruits=[‘apple’,’banana’,’cherry’]

fruits.reverse()

print(fruits)

Output: [‘cherry’, ‘banana’,’apple’]

Insert:

list = [‘Sun’, ‘rises’, ‘in’, ‘the’, ‘east’]

list.insert(0, “The”)

print(list)
Output: [‘The’, ‘Sun’, ‘rises’, ‘in’, ‘the’, ‘east’]

Append:

cars = [“Ford”, “Volvo”, “BMW”]

cars.append(“Honda”)

print(cars)

Output: [‘Ford’, ‘Volvo’, ‘BMW’, ‘Honda’]

21) Python program to compute the number of characters, words and

lines in a file.

Import os

# Function to count number

# of characters, words, spaces

# and lines in a file

def counter(fname):

# variable to store total word count

num_words = 0

# variable to store total line count

num_lines = 0

# variable to store total character count

num_charc = 0

# variable to store total space count

num_spaces = 0

# opening file using with() method

# so that file gets closed

# after completion of work

with open(fname, ‘r’) as f:

# loop to iterate file

# line by line

for line in f:

# separating a line from \n character

# and storing again in line

line = line.strip(os.linesep)

# splitting the line

wordslist = line.split()

# incrementing value of num_lines

num_lines = num_lines + 1

# incrementing value of num_word

num_words = num_words + len(wordslist)

 # incrementing value of num_char

num_charc = num_charc + sum(1 for c in line

if c not in (os.linesep, ‘ ‘))

# incrementing value of num_space

num_spaces = num_spaces + sum(1 for s in line

If s in (os.linesep, ‘ ‘))

# printing total word count

print(“Number of words in text file: “,

num_words)

# printing total line count

print(“Number of lines in text file: “,

Num_lines)

# printing total character count

print(“Number of characters in text file: “,

Num_charc)

# printing total space count

print(“Number of spaces in text file: “,

Num_spaces)
# Driver Code:

if name == ‘ main ’:

fname = ‘File1.txt’

Try:

counter(fname)

except:

print(‘File not found’)

Output:

Number of words in text file: 25

Number of lines in text file: 4

Number of characters in text file: 91

Number of spaces in text file: 21

22) Write a program to add, transport and multiply two matrices.

# Python program to multiply two matrices

def mulMat(mat1, mat2, R1, R2, C1, C2):

# List to store matrix multiplication result

rslt = [[0, 0, 0, 0],

[0, 0, 0, 0],
 [0, 0, 0, 0],

[0, 0, 0, 0]]

for i in range(0, R1):

for j in range(0, C2):

for k in range(0, R2):

rslt[i][j] += mat1[i][k] * mat2[k][j]

print("Multiplication of given two matrices is:")

for i in range(0, R1):

for j in range(0, C2):

print(rslt[i][j], end=" ")

print("\n", end="")

# Driver code

if name == ' main ':

R1 = 2

R2 = 2

C1 = 2

C2 = 2

# First matrix. M is a list

mat1 = [[1, 1],

 [2, 2]]

# Second matrix. N is a list

mat2 = [[1, 1],

[2, 2]]

if C1 != R2:

print("The number of columns in Matrix-1 must be equal to the number

of rows in " + "Matrix-2", end='')

print("\n", end='')

print("Please update MACROs according to your array dimension in

#define section", end='')

print("\n", end='')

else:

# Call matrix_multiplication function

mulMat(mat1, mat2, R1, R2, C1, C2)

Output:

Multiplication of given two matrices is:

3 3

6 6
23) Write a Python program to create a class that represents a shape.
Include methods to calculate its area and perimeter. Implement
subclasses for different shapes like circle, triangle, and square.

# define a function for calculating

# the area of a shapes

def calculate_area(name):\

# converting all characters

# into lower cases

Name = name.lower()

# check for the conditions

If name == “rectangle”:

L = int(input(“Enter rectangle’s length: “))

B = int(input(“Enter rectangle’s breadth: “))

# calculate area of rectangle

rect_area = l * b

print(f”The area of rectangle is

{rect_area}.”)

elif name == “square”:

 s = int(input(“Enter square’s side length: “))

# calculate area of square

sqt_area = s * s

print(f”The area of square is

{sqt_area}.”)

elif name == “triangle”:

H = int(input(“Enter triangle’s height length: “))

B = int(input(“Enter triangle’s breadth length: “))

# calculate area of triangle

tri_area = 0.5 * b * h

print(f”The area of triangle is

{tri_area}.”)

elif name == “circle”:

R = int(input(“Enter circle’s radius length: “))

Pi = 3.14

# calculate area of circle

circ_area = pi * r * r

print(f”The area of circle is

 {circ_area}.”)

elif name == ‘parallelogram’:

B = int(input(“Enter parallelogram’s base length: “))

H = int(input(“Enter parallelogram’s height length: “))

# calculate area of parallelogram

para_area = b * h

print(f”The area of parallelogram is

{para_area}.”)

else:

print(“Sorry! This shape is not available”)

# driver code

if name == “ main ”:

print(“Calculate Shape Area”)

shape_name = input(“Enter the name of shape whose area you want to find:
“)

# function calling

calculate_area(shape_name)
Output:

Calculate Shape Area

Enter the name of shape whose area you want to find: rectangle

Enter rectangle’s length: 10

Enter rectangle’s breadth: 15

The area of rectangle is 150.

24) Python program to check whether a JSON string contains complex

object or not.

Import json

def is_complex_num(objct):

if ‘ complex ’ in objct:

return complex(objct[‘real’], objct[‘img’])

return objct

complex_object =json.loads(‘{“ complex ”: true, “real”: 4, “img”: 5}’,

object_hook = is_complex_num)

simple_object =json.loads(‘{“real”: 4, “img”: 3}’, object_hook =

is_complex_num)

print(“Complex_object: “,complex_object)

print(“Without complex object: “,simple_object)

Output:

Complex_object: (4+5j)

Without complex object: {‘real’: 4, ‘img’: 3}

25) Python program to demonstrate numpy arrays creation using array
() function.

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

print(arr)

print(type(arr))

Output:
[1 2 3 4 5]

<class ‘numpy.ndarray’>

26) python program to demonstrate use of ndim, shape, size dtype.

# Python program explaining

# numpy.ndarray.ndim() function

# importing numpy as geek

import numpy as geek

arr = geek.array([1, 2, 3, 4])

gfg = arr.ndim

print (gfg)

Output: 1
27) Python program to demonstrate basic slicing, integer and Boolean
indexing.

import numpy as np

# Create a sequence of integers from 10 to 1 with a step of -2

a = np.arange(10, 1, -2)

print(“\n A sequential array with a negative step: \n”,a)

# Indexes are specified inside the np.array method.

newarr = a[np.array([3, 1, 2 ])]

print(“\n Elements at these indices are:\n”,newarr)

Out put:

A sequential array with a negative step:

[10 8 6 4 2]

Elements at these indices are:

[4 8 6]

28) Python program to find min, max, sum, cumulative sum of array.

# Python code to get the Cumulative sum of a list

def Cumulative(lists):

cu_list = []

length = len(lists)

cu_list = [sum(lists[0:x:1]) for x in range(0, length+1)]

return cu_list[1:]
# Driver Code

lists = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

print (Cumulative(lists))

Output: [10, 30, 60, 100, 150]

29) Select any two columns from the above data frame, and observe
the change in one Attribute with respect to other attribute with scatter
and plot operations in matplotlib

# program to draw scatter plot using dataframe.plot

# import libraries

import pandas as pd

# prepare data

data={‘name’:[‘dhanashri’, ‘smita’, ‘rutuja’,

‘sunita’, ‘poonam’, ‘srushti’],

‘age’:[20, 18, 27, 50, 12, 15]}

# load data into dataframe

df = pd.dataframe(data = data);

# draw a scatter plot

df.plot.scatter(x = ‘name’, y = ‘age’, s = 100);

Output:

30) Create a dictionary with at least five keys and each key represent
value as a list where this list contains at least ten values and convert
this dictionary as a pandas data frame and explore the data through the
data frame as follows:

a) Apply head () function to the pandas data frame

b) Perform various data selection operations on Data Frame

# import pandas library

import pandas as pd

# dictionary with list object in values

details = {
‘Name’ : [‘Ankit’, ‘Aishwarya’, ‘Shaurya’, ‘Shivangi’],
‘Age’ : [23, 21, 22, 21],
‘University’ : [‘BHU’, ‘JNU’, ‘DU’, ‘BHU’],
}

# creating a Dataframe object

df= pd.DataFrame(details)

df

Output: