Chapter 2 “Cells”
Section 1: “Cell Structure Pages
38 – 40
COMMON CELL TRAITS
● A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of
performing life functions.
COMPARING CELLS
● The size & shape of a
cell relates to its
function. (job it does)
Prokaryotic Cells
(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)
● cells without
membrane-bound
structures
● EX: bacteria
pond scum
Eukaryotic Cells
(yew KAYR ee yah tihk)
● cells with
membrane-bound
structures
● EX: animals, plants,
fungi and protists
CELL WALL
● protects the cell
● gives shape
● is made of cellulose
● A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most
bacteria.
CELL MEMBRANE
● Outer covering, protective layer
around ALL cells
● For cells with cell walls,the cell
membrane is inside the cell wall
● Allows food, oxygen, & water
into the cell & waste products
out of the cell.
CYTOPLASM
● gelatin-like inside cell membrane
● constantly flows
● aka protoplasm
CYTOSKELETON
● scaffolding-like
structure in cytoplasm
● helps the cell maintain
or change its shape
● made of protein
NUCLEUS
● Directs all cell activities
● Contains instructions
for everything the cell
does
● These instructions are
found on a hereditary
material called DNA
● Usually the largest
organelle
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
● separates nucleus from
cytoplasm
● controls movement of
materials in & out of
nucleus
NUCLEOLUS
● Aka “little nucleus”
● Found in the nucleus
CHROMATIN
● contains genetic code that controls cell
● made of DNA & proteins
