GATEWAY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Dear Students,

This booklet has been thoughtfully designed to help you master the fascinating world of
science in an organized and systematic manner. It serves as a comprehensive resource to
enhance your understanding and ensure your academic success.
Objectives of This Booklet:
 To provide well-structured practice material covering all topics in your syllabus.
 To strengthen your understanding of key scientific concepts and principles.
 To encourage critical thinking and problem-solving through engaging questions and
activities.
 To prepare you for exams, competitions, and real-life applications of science with a
variety of conceptual, application-based, and experimental tasks.
 To foster curiosity and self-assessment, enabling you to reflect on your progress and
focus on areas of improvement.
How to Use This Booklet Effectively:
 Explore Regularly: Dedicate time each day to delve into new concepts and practice
exercises. Use this booklet to complement your classroom learning.
 Engage Actively: Perform the suggested experiments, analyze results, and apply
theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios.
 Track Your Growth: Use reflection sheets to identify your strengths and work on areas
that need more attention.
 Collaborate and Discuss: Share insights and discuss challenging topics with your
teacher and peers to broaden your perspective.
 Stay Curious: Allow your curiosity to guide you. Ask questions, seek answers, and
relate science to everyday phenomena.
This booklet is more than just a study guide; it is a gateway to exploring the
wonders of science. Remember, the journey of scientific discovery involves
observation, experimentation, and a desire to learn.
We hope this resource inspires you to think critically, solve problems creatively, and
develop a lifelong passion for science.
Wishing you an exciting and successful learning journey!

Page 1 of 33
 Grade VIII

SCIENCE

INDEX

Chapter No. Chapter Name Page No.

1. Reproduction in Animals 3

2. Reaching the age of Adolescence 9

3. Chemical Effects if Electric current 16

4. Some Natural Phenomena 22

5. Light 28

Page 2 of 33
 Topic: Reproduction in Animals

_____________________________________________________________________________

Learning Outcomes

By the end of this chapter, students will be able to:

1. Differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction with suitable examples.

2. Explain the process of fertilisation (internal and external) and distinguish
between the two.
3. Describe male and female reproductive systems in humans and their functions.
4. Define gametes (sperm and ovum) and explain their roles in reproduction.
5. Trace the sequence of events from fertilisation → zygote formation → embryo
→ foetus → baby.
6. Explain oviparous and viviparous animals with examples.
7. Understand the process of metamorphosis in animals like frog and butterfly.
8. Recognise that reproduction ensures continuation of species across
generations.
9. Appreciate the importance of reproductive health and develop awareness
about safe practices.
10. Develop scientific skills of observation, reasoning, and comparison related to life
processes in animals.

Task -A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. The process by which organisms produce new individuals of their own kind is called:
a) Respiration b) Reproduction

c) Digestion d) Circulation

2. The type of reproduction in which only one parent is involved is:

a) Sexual reproduction b) Asexual reproduction

c) Internal fertilisation d) External fertilisation

3. The male reproductive cell is called:

a) Ovum b) Embryo

c) Sperm d) Zygote

4. The female reproductive cell is:

a) Sperms b) Egg

c) Ovary d) Embryo

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5. Fertilisation that takes place outside the female’s body is called:
a) Internal fertilisation b) External fertilisation

c) Budding d) Binary fission

6. Which of the following animals shows external fertilisation?

a) Cow b) Frog

c) Dog d) Human

7. The union of male and female gametes is called:

a) Fertilisation b) Ovulation

c) Pollination d) Fusion

8. Which of the following reproduces by budding?

a) Amoeba b) Hydra

c) Frog d) Cat

9. Zygote divides repeatedly to form:

a) Foetus b) Embryo

c) Gamete d) Ovum

10. Which method is used in test tube babies?

a) External fertilisation b) Internal fertilisation

c) In-vitro fertilisation d) Budding

Task -B. Fill in the Blanks

1. The process of fusion of male and female gametes is called __________.

2. ______________ is the male reproductive cell.

3. The female gamete is also called _______________________.

4. Fertilisation that takes place inside the female body is called

_____________________.

5. ____________________ is an example of an animal that reproduces by budding.

6. After fertilisation, the zygote develops into an _____________________.

7. The fully developed embryo is called ___________________.

8. Asexual reproduction requires ________________ parent(s).

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9. The fertilised egg is also called __________________.

10. Reproduction ensures the __________________ of species.

Task -C. Short Answer Type Questions

1. Why is reproduction considered essential for the survival of a species but not for an
individual’s survival?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________.

2. If fertilisation does not take place, what happens to the egg in human females?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________.

3. Why do organisms that show external fertilisation generally produce a large number of
gametes?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________.

4. Name one advantage and one disadvantage of asexual reproduction.

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________.

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5. Why is it said that offspring produced by asexual reproduction are “exact copies” of
their parent?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________.

6. Compare internal fertilisation in humans and external fertilisation in frogs with respect
to survival chances of the offspring.

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________.

7. Why do viviparous animals have better chances of survival than oviparous animals?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________.

8. What would happen if sperms and eggs had the same number of chromosomes as body
cells?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________.

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9. In what way is reproduction in Hydra different from reproduction in Amoeba?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________.

10. Why is variation important in organisms produced by sexual reproduction?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________.

Trivia Time:
I carry life but do not move,
Half the story I always prove.
I wait inside a warm, soft place,
Joined with a partner — then begins the race.
Without me the embryo won’t start,
I’m tiny, round — I’m the _____________________.

Reflecting on Your Learning

1. Which concept in this chapter (asexual vs sexual reproduction, fertilisation, or

metamorphosis) did you find the easiest to understand? Why did it feel easy for
you?

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2. Which concept did you find the most challenging (like internal vs external
fertilisation, gametes, or embryonic development)? What made it difficult, and how
did you try to understand it better?

3. Which experiment, diagram, or activity related to reproduction (like observing

tadpole development, life cycle of a butterfly, or drawing reproductive organs) did
you enjoy the most? Why was it interesting?

4. What discovery or idea from this chapter (like the importance of reproductive
health or metamorphosis in animals) inspired or surprised you the most? Why?

5. How has your understanding of reproduction and the continuation of species

improved through this chapter?

6. What is one question you still have about reproduction in animals? How might
you find the answer (teacher, book, internet, or experiment)?

✨ Reflecting on reproduction helps students understand how life continues and the
importance of healthy reproduction in animals and humans. 🐸🦋🧬

Topic: Reaching the Age of Adolesence

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Learning Outcomes

By the end of this chapter, students will be able to:

1. Define adolescence and puberty and identify the age range when these
changes occur.
2. Describe the physical and emotional changes that take place during
adolescence.
3. Explain the role of hormones (such as testosterone, estrogen, growth
hormone, insulin, etc.) in the human body.
4. Differentiate between primary and secondary sexual characters in males and
females.
5. Understand the importance of a balanced diet, exercise, and personal hygiene
during adolescence.
6. Recognize the process of reproduction maturity and the significance of
reproductive health.
7. Explain the role of pituitary gland and sex hormones in controlling changes
during adolescence.
8. Understand the concept of chromosomes and determination of sex in human
beings.
9. Identify problems related to early marriage, poor diet, and lack of awareness
during adolescence.
10. Develop values of self-awareness, confidence, and responsibility to face
adolescence positively and healthily.

Task -A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Adolescence is the period between the ages of:

a) 2–10 years
b) 11–19 years
c) 20–30 years
d) 1–5 years

2. The changes that occur in the body at puberty are controlled by:
a) Nervous system
b) Hormones
c) Digestive enzymes
d) Blood cells

3. The male hormone is:

a) Estrogen
b) Testosterone

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 c) Insulin
d) Progesterone

4. The female hormone responsible for secondary sexual characters is:

a) Testosterone
b) Estrogen
c) Adrenaline
d) Insulin

5. Which gland is called the “master gland”?

a) Thyroid
b) Pituitary
c) Adrenal
d) Pancreas

6. Adam’s apple is a change that appears in:

a) Girls only
b) Boys only
c) Both boys and girls
d) Infants

7. The voice box is also called the:

a) Larynx
b) Trachea
c) Pharynx
d) Bronchi

8. Which of the following is a secondary sexual character in boys?

a) Broadening of pelvis
b) Growth of beard and moustache
c) Development of breasts
d) High-pitched voice

9. Which vitamin helps the body to absorb calcium and develop strong bones?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin D

10. Menstrual cycle usually occurs once every:

a) 7 days
b) 14 days

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 c) 28 days
d) 40 days

Task -B. Fill in the Blanks

1. The period of life when the body undergoes changes leading to reproductive
maturity is called __________.

2. The pituitary gland secretes __________ which control the activities of other
endocrine glands.

3. The changes in voice during puberty are due to the enlargement of __________.

4. __________ hormone regulates the amount of sugar in blood.

5. Iodine is essential for the normal functioning of the __________ gland.

6. The onset of menstruation is called __________.

7. The stopping of menstruation in women around the age of 45–50 is called

__________.

8. Excessive secretion of growth hormone may lead to __________.

9. The __________ gland is located above the kidneys.

10. Balanced diet during adolescence should include proteins, vitamins, minerals,
carbohydrates and __________.

Task -C. Short Answer Type Questions

1. Why is adolescence considered a period of “storm and stress”?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
______________________________.

2. How does the pituitary gland indirectly control the growth and development of the
body?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

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 __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________ .

3. Why should adolescents avoid consuming junk food regularly?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________________.

4. What is the role of iron in the body of adolescents?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_____________________________.

5. Why is physical exercise important during adolescence?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________

6. How does personal hygiene help adolescents during puberty?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________

7. Why do adolescent boys experience sudden increase in height compared to girls?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________

8. Why should adolescents be careful about peer pressure?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________

9. Explain how balanced diet affects mental as well as physical health of teenagers.

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_______________

10. Why are endocrine glands also called ductless glands?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Page 13 of 33
 __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________

Trivia Time:

I sit at the base of the brain,

Control growth and glands in the main.
Though tiny, I’m called the master true,
Without my signals — what would you do?

Reflecting on Your Learning

1. Which concept in this chapter (puberty, hormones, secondary sexual characters,

or balanced diet) did you find the easiest to understand? Why did it feel easy for
you?

2. Which concept did you find the most challenging (like the role of endocrine
glands, hormonal changes, or mental/emotional growth)? What made it difficult,
and how did you try to overcome it?

3. Which activity or discussion related to this chapter (such as preparing a chart on

adolescence changes or listing healthy habits) did you enjoy the most? Why was it
interesting or engaging?

Page 14 of 33
4. What idea from this chapter (like the importance of hygiene, balanced diet, or
prevention of substance abuse) inspired or surprised you the most? Why?

5. How has your understanding of adolescence and growing up improved through

this chapter?

6. What is one question you still have about adolescence? How might you find the
answer (teacher, doctor, parent, or books)?

✨ Reflecting on adolescence helps students understand physical, emotional, and social

changes, and prepares them to adopt healthy and positive habits for life. 🌱🧠💪

Topic: Chemical Effect of Electric Current

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Learning Outcomes

By the end of this chapter, students will be able to:

1. Define good and poor conductors of electricity and test different liquids for
conductivity.
2. Explain why pure water is a poor conductor and how addition of salts or
acids makes it a conductor.
3. Describe the chemical effects of electric current such as gas formation, colour
changes, and metal deposition.
4. Explain the process of electroplating and its importance in daily life and
industries.
5. Identify gases evolved at electrodes during electrolysis of water (hydrogen at
cathode, oxygen at anode).
6. Differentiate between conductors, insulators, and electrolytes with examples.
7. Understand the role of electrodes (anode and cathode) in electrolysis.
8. Recognise applications of electroplating in preventing corrosion, improving
appearance, and making objects durable.
9. Conduct simple experiments using a tester to check whether a liquid
conducts electricity.
10. Appreciate the significance of chemical effects of current in fields like
medicine, jewellery, utensils, and electrorefining of metals.

Task -A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. The passage of an electric current through a liquid is called:

a) Conduction b) Electrolysis

c) Magnetism d) Insulation

2. A solution that conducts electricity is called:

a) Insulator b) Semiconductor

c) Electrolyte d) Conductor

3. The device used for electroplating is connected to:

a) Battery b) Switch

c) Fuse d) Ammeter

4. Which of the following is a good conductor of electricity?

a) Distilled water b) Sugar solution

c) Lemon juice d) Plastic

Page 16 of 33
 5. Electroplating is based on:
a) Heating effect b) Magnetic effect

c) Chemical effect d) Light effect

6. The process of depositing a thin layer of metal on another metal using electricity
is called:
a) Electrorefining b) Electroplating

c) Electromagnetism d) Electrolysis

7. Which gas is released at the cathode during the electrolysis of water?

a) Oxygen b) Hydrogen

c) Nitrogen d) Carbon dioxide

8. Which one of the following is used in electroplating to prevent rusting of iron?

a) Gold b) Zinc

c) Copper d) Silver

9. The glowing of bulb in an electric circuit with liquid indicates:

a) The liquid is distilled water b) The liquid is conducting
c) The circuit is incomplete d) The liquid is non-conducting

10. Which of these solutions is a poor conductor of electricity?

a) Vinegar b) Tap water

c) Sugar solution d) Lemon juice

Task B. Fill in the Blanks

1. The chemical effect of electric current is used in __________.

2. A conducting liquid is known as an __________.

3. Distilled water is a __________ conductor of electricity.

4. Electrolysis of water produces __________ and __________ gases.

5. The process of coating one metal with another using electricity is called
__________.

6. Copper is commonly electroplated on utensils to prevent __________.

7. The passage of current through a solution causes __________ changes.

8. Hydrogen is released at the __________ electrode during electrolysis of water.

Page 17 of 33
 9. In electroplating, the metal to be deposited is connected to the __________
terminal.

10. The glowing of a bulb in a circuit shows that the liquid is __________ electricity.

Task -C. Short Answer Type Questions

1. Why is distilled water a poor conductor of electricity while rainwater is a good

conductor?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________

2. How is electroplating used in the jewellery industry?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________

3. Why should the coating in electroplating be smooth and even?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________

4. Explain why copper is not electroplated on iron for making water pipes.

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________

5. Why is graphite a good conductor of electricity though it is a form of carbon?

Page 18 of 33
 __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________

6. How is electrolysis used in extracting metals from ores?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________

7. Why do electricians wear rubber gloves while working with electric circuits?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________

8. What precautions should be taken during electroplating?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________

9. Why is electroplating of tin done on iron cans used for storing food?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________

10. How can the strength of an electrolyte be tested using a simple circuit?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Page 19 of 33
 __________________________________________________________________
__________________________

Trivia Time

I coat metals to make them bright,

Protect them well, make them look right.
With current’s help, my job is great,
Guess my name — I am __________.

Reflecting on Your Learning

1. Which concept in this chapter (conductors, insulators, electroplating, or chemical

deposition) did you find the easiest to understand? Why did it feel easy for you?

2. Which concept did you find the most challenging (like electrolysis, ion movement,
or applications of electroplating)? What made it difficult, and how did you try to
overcome it?

3. Which experiment or activity (such as passing current through lemon juice,

copper sulphate solution, or water) did you enjoy the most? Why was it interesting?

Page 20 of 33
4. What scientific application from this chapter (like electroplating in industry,
purification of metals, or rechargeable batteries) inspired or surprised you the
most? Why?

5. How has your understanding of electricity and its chemical effects improved
through this chapter?

6. What is one question you still have about the chemical effects of electric current?
How might you find the answer (teacher, book, internet, or experiment)?

✨ Reflecting on how electricity can bring about chemical changes helps us connect
science to everyday technologies like batteries, plating, and purification processes. 🔋⚡🔬

Topic: Some Natural Phenomena

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Learning Outcomes
By the end of this chapter, students will be able to:
1. Explain the cause of lightning as a result of electric charges produced in
clouds.
2. State safety measures during thunderstorms and lightning to protect life and
property.
3. Describe earthquakes as natural phenomena caused by movements of the
earth’s crust.
4. Differentiate between focus and epicentre of an earthquake.
5. Explain how the Richter scale and seismograph are used to measure
earthquake strength.
6. Recognise that earthquakes and lightning are natural phenomena which
cannot be prevented but their effects can be minimised.
7. Identify precautionary steps during earthquakes at home, school, or
outdoors.
8. Relate charging by friction to everyday examples like rubbing a balloon on
hair.
9. Understand that like charges repel and unlike charges attract, forming the
basis of electrostatic phenomena.
10. Develop awareness about disaster management and the importance of
community preparedness during natural hazards.

Task -A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. The device used to protect buildings from lightning is:

a) Conductor b) Transformer

c) Lightning rod d) Switch

2. Which of the following is a natural disaster caused by movements of the earth’s

crust?
a) Tsunami b) Cyclone

c) Earthquake d) Thunderstorm

3. The power of an earthquake is measured on:

a) Richter scale b) Celsius scale

c) Decibel scale d) Kelvin scale

4. Which phenomenon is responsible for charging of clouds?

a) Conduction b) Convection and friction of air

c) Magnetism d) Evaporation

5. Lightning is caused due to:

a) Friction b) Flow of charges

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 c) Magnetism d) Heat

6. The point inside the earth where an earthquake originates is called:

a) Crater b) Epicentre

c) Focus d) Fault

7. Which type of charges repel each other?

a) Positive and negative b) Positive and positive

c) Negative and positive d) All of these

8. The layer of the atmosphere where lightning occurs is:

a) Stratosphere b) Mesosphere

c) Troposphere d) Thermosphere

9. A safety measure during earthquakes is:

a) Stand near tall buildings b) Take shelter under a strong
table c) Use elevators d) Stand under trees

10. Which one of these is a man-made cause that increases earthquake damage?
a) Soil erosion b) Deforestation

c) Poor construction of buildings d) Heavy rainfall

Task -B. Fill in the Blanks

1. Like charges __________ each other and unlike charges __________ each other.

2. Lightning is a sudden flow of __________ charges between clouds and the earth.

3. Earthquakes produce __________ waves on the surface of the earth.

4. The place on the surface of the earth vertically above the focus is called
__________.

5. A device used to protect tall buildings from lightning is __________.

6. Earthquake waves are recorded by an instrument called __________.

7. The magnitude of earthquakes is measured on the __________ scale.

8. A __________ is a sudden shaking of the earth caused by disturbances inside the

earth’s crust.

Page 23 of 33
 9. Lightning usually occurs in the __________ layer of the atmosphere.

10. __________ and __________ are common natural phenomena caused by

electrostatic charges.

Task -C. Short Answer Type Questions

1. Why are earthquakes more destructive in densely populated areas?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________

2. How can deforestation increase the impact of natural disasters like earthquakes
and landslides?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________

3. Why should we avoid using electrical appliances during thunderstorms?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________

4. How do engineers make buildings earthquake-resistant?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________

5. Why is it unsafe to take shelter under tall trees during lightning?

Page 24 of 33
 __________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________

6. What is the importance of the Richter scale in disaster management?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________

7. How does friction between water droplets and air currents lead to lightning?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________

8. Why are rural houses more vulnerable to earthquake damage than modern city
buildings?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________

9. How can community awareness help reduce the impact of earthquakes?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Page 25 of 33
 _____________________________________________________________________
__________________________

10. Why do government agencies insist on following earthquake safety codes while
constructing new buildings?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
___________________________

Trivia Time

I shake the ground, both far and near,

My waves bring people panic and fear.
Richter counts me, safety is prime,
Guess my name, I strike anytime!

Reflecting on Your Learning

1. Which concept in this chapter (earthquakes, lightning, safety measures, or charge
interaction) did you find the easiest to understand? Why did it feel easy for you?

2. Which concept did you find the most challenging (like transfer of charges,
earthquake waves, or protection from lightning)? What made it difficult, and how
did you try to overcome it?

3. Which activity or demonstration related to this chapter (such as rubbing objects

to create static charge or making a simple earthquake model) did you enjoy the
most? Why was it interesting?

Page 26 of 33
 4. What real-life event or scientific idea from this chapter (lightning safety rules,
earthquake preparedness, or use of lightning rods) inspired or surprised you the
most? Why?

5. How has your understanding of natural phenomena improved through this

chapter?

6. What is one question you still have about natural phenomena? How might you
find the answer (teacher, book, internet, or experiment)?

✨ Thinking about how natural phenomena like earthquakes and lightning affect our lives
helps us stay safe and become more curious learners of science. 🌍⚡🏠

Topic: Light
__________________________________________________________________________________

Page 27 of 33
 Learning Outcomes
By the end of this chapter, students will be able to:
1. Explain the nature of light – that it travels in a straight line and can undergo
reflection, refraction, and dispersion.
2. State and apply the laws of reflection using ray diagrams and examples.
3. Understand refraction of light and explain phenomena such as the apparent
bending of objects in water.
4. Describe dispersion of light and explain how a prism and natural rainbow
form a spectrum.
5. Identify parts of the human eye (cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, optic nerve)
and describe their functions.
6. Explain common vision defects like myopia and hypermetropia, and how
they are corrected using lenses.
7. Recognize the significance of the Braille system in enabling visually impaired
individuals to read and write.
8. Relate natural phenomena such as twinkling of stars, blue colour of sky, and
red sunset to scattering of light.
9. Discuss modern applications of light such as optical fibres, microscopes,
telescopes, and laser technology.
10. Develop scientific skills such as observation, drawing ray diagrams, and
applying concepts of light to real-life situations.

Task -A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Light travels in a:
a) Curved path b) Zig-zag path

c) Straight line d) Circular path

2. Which mirror is used by dentists to see enlarged images of teeth?

a) Plane mirror b) Convex mirror

c) Concave mirror d) Cylindrical mirror

3. When a ray of light passes from air into water, it:

a) Bends away from normal b) Bends towards normal

c) Does not bend d) Gets absorbed

4. The band of seven colours formed by dispersion is called:

a) Spectrum b) Rainbow

c) VIBGYOR d) Prism

Page 28 of 33
 5. Which part of the eye forms the image of an object?
a) Iris b) Retina

c) Pupil d) Cornea

6. The inability to see distant objects clearly is called:

a) Myopia b) Hypermetropia

c) Presbyopia d) Astigmatism

7. Braille script is based on:

a) Raised dots b) Coloured marks

c) Symbols d) Letters

8. Which modern technology uses total internal reflection of light?

a) X-ray machines b) Optical fibres

c) Microscopes d) Satellite

9. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection due to:

a) Refraction law b) Newton’s law

c) Law of reflection d) Law of optics

10. The scattering of light by dust and air molecules causes:

a) Formation of rainbow b) Blue colour of sky

c) Formation of shadow d) Mirage in desert

Task -B. Fill in the Blanks

1. Light travels in a __________ line.

2. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of __________.

3. The bending of light as it passes from one medium to another is called

__________.

4. Dispersion of light produces a __________ of seven colours.

5. The part of the human eye which controls the amount of light entering is the
__________.

6. The defect in which a person cannot see nearby objects clearly is called
__________.
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 7. The __________ system helps blind people to read and write.

8. The splitting of white light into VIBGYOR can be done by a __________.

9. Optical __________ are used for high-speed internet and medical endoscopy.

10. The red colour of the sun at sunrise and sunset is due to __________ of light.

Task -C. Short Answer Type Questions

1. Why do shadows form sharp edges in sunlight but not in torchlight?

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2. Why do we use concave mirrors as reflectors in torches and searchlights?

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3. Why does a pencil appear bent when dipped in water?

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4. How does the rainbow form naturally in the sky?

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5. Why is the sky blue but the clouds white?

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 __________________________________________________________________
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6. How do spectacles correct defects like myopia and hypermetropia?

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7. Why is Braille script considered an important invention for the visually impaired?

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8. How are optical fibres useful in medicine and communication?

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9. Why do astronauts need protective visors against light in space?

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10. How do modern developments in laser technology make use of light?

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 __________________________________________________________________
________________________

Trivia Time

I split the light, colours I show,

Red to violet, in a beautiful row.
Through me the rainbow you can see,
Guess my name — what could I be?

Reflecting on Your Learning

1. Which concept about light did you find the easiest to understand (e.g., reflection,
refraction, dispersion, or human eye)? Why do you think it felt easy for you?

2. Which concept about light did you find the most challenging? What made it
difficult, and how did you try to understand it better?

3. Which experiment or activity on light (such as mirror reflection, prism

dispersion, or lens focusing) did you enjoy the most? Why was it interesting or
engaging for you?

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4. What scientific discovery or modern application of light (like optical fibres, lasers,
or Braille system) inspired or surprised you the most? Why?

5. How has your understanding of light and its effects on daily life improved
through this chapter?

6. What is one question you still have about light? How might you find the answer
(books, teacher, internet, or experiment)?

✨ Reflecting on what you learned about light will help you connect science concepts to
real life and inspire you to keep exploring! 🔦🌈👀

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