Subject: Computer science class 8th

Exercise No 1
Q1 Define the computer network? Why do we use networking?
COMPUTER NETWORK
Ans: -A collection of two or more computers that are linked together through communication medium
(wired or wireless), in order to share computer resources and information is called computer network.
USE OF NETWRKING;
 It can be used for simple task like sharing printer, scanner, software, Games etc. It allows the user
 To communicate with each other easily through e-mail. chatting, video conference, etc.

Q2 Discuss briefly the different types of computer networks?

Ans: There are three types of network (1) LAN (2) MAN (3) WAN.
 (LAN): - A local Area Network (LAN) is a computer network if it is contained within a local
close or small area such as school, Home, small office building etc.
o LANs are inexpensive to install the most common type of transmission media used with
LAN are twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cables.
o A LAN is useful for sharing information and recourses like files, games, printer, scanner
etc.
o In LAN, since the distance is limited, therefore data can be transmitted at a very fast rate.
There is also a limit on the number of computers that can attached to single LAN.

 (MAN): - Metropolitan Area Network is a computer network that usually covers a city, or large
campus
o MANs are larger than LANs but smaller than the WANs.
o Many MANs may be as large as the size of the city and in some cases it may be as small
as a group of building.
o MAN is difficult to install. It requires fast networking components and additional
communication equipment in order to achieve better speed. In MAN, Fiber optics is
preferred for high speed communication.

 (WAN): - Wide Area Network is a computer network that covers a broad area such as
provinces, countries, and continents.
o Normally WAN consist of two or more interconnected LANs or MANs. Large
business and government departments are the user of WANs.
o WAN is expensive than LAN. Computers connected to wide area network are
often connected through public networks, using DSL (Digital Subscriber Lines)

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 or telephone lines. WAN can also be connected through satellite. The world most
popular WAN is the Internet.

Q3 what is Modem and Different Types of Modem?

ANS: (MODEM): - A communication device is a physical part (Hardware) that enables one
computer to communicate with another. Without communication device, network cannot be
formed. Modem is a popular communication device which is normally used for Internet
communication. Other communication devices are network interface card, routers, hub, switch,
Wi-Fi, Bluetooth etc.
Types of Modem: -(a)Dial-up Modem (b)Network interface card
(a)Dial-up Modem: -
Dial-up Modem is the slowest but inexpensive way to connect the Internet. Dial-up
Modem is normally used to establish connection via telephone lines. It sends and receives data
from one computer to another. The sending and receiving computers must have modem. Modem is
the combination of the two words Modulation and Demodulation. Nowadays different types of
modems are available in the market. (1) Internal Modem (2) External Modem. (3) Wireless
modem.
Internal Modem:-It is a card that plugs into an expansion slot in the mother board.
External Modem: - It is a handy device that can easily be attached to computer externally. It is
expensive than the Internal modem.
Wireless Modem: It is used with computer without a wire. It is mostly used for Internet.
(b)Network interface card:
It is also called as LAN adapter, Network Card or simply NIC in short. It is used to
connect the computer with network .it converts, sends, receives and controls data on the network

Q4: - Define satellite communication?

Ans: - satellite communication is a type of wide area network. It allows radio, TV, transmission to
be sent live anywhere in the world.

Q5: - write short note on the following? (a) Fiber Optics Cable? (b) Global Positioning
system(GPS) (c) Bluetooth.
Ans: - a) Fiber Optics Cable: Fiber optics cable is one of the most advanced and expensive type
of communication medium. It is made up of thin glass fibers which are slightly thicker than a
human hair. These fibers are contained in a protective tube suitable for any environment.
Nowadays fiber optic cables are widely used for internet services and long distance
telecommunications.

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 b) GPS: - The Global Positioning system (GPS) is a satellite based navigation system. It is used to
determine the geographical location of a person or object etc. For example, to find out the location
of a person or stolen vehicle.
c) Bluetooth: - Bluetooth is wireless technology used for short range communication (about 32
feet or 10 M) between two or more cell phones, computers or other devices.

Exercise No 2
Q1 Define computer security threats. Write briefly about virus?
Computer security threats:
In computer security, a threat is a possible danger, loss or crime that may cause possible harm.
Threats may damage your valuable data or it can slow down your computer or network access.
Computer virus:
A computer virus is a program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computer without your
knowledge and runs against your wishes.

Q2 write short note on the following (a) worm. (b) Hacker?

a) Worm: -A computer worm is a small piece of software that uses computer network to replicate
itself. It spreads from computer to computer without any human action. Worm normally infects
other computers through computer network.
b) Hacker: - A hacker is an evil-genius computer programmer. Hackers gain unauthorized access
to other’s computer system for the purpose of stealing and corrupting data.

Q3: - How a Virus spreads itself? Discuss briefly?

Ans: -a) Infected Flash Drive or Floppy Disk: The sharing of data and programs through
Universal serial bus(USB) is very common nowadays. (In past, Floppy disk were used for this
purpose). It is common way to spread virus from computer to computer. When we copy the data
from USB to another computer, the virus copies itself automatically to that computer.
b) Email: - By using internet, email user can easily receive the virus by infected email attachment.
When this infected email attachment is opened by the user, the virus executes itself and will begin
to infect the files stored in your computer. Don’t open the attachment if don’t know the sender or
an attachment with .exe or dll extension.
c) Surfing insecure website: By surfing insecure website on the internet your computer can;
easily be infected by the virus automatically and may damage the stored data in your computer.
They often install adware bugs and other website which are not related to you.
d) Installing Pirated Software: Today, many pirated software are available in the market or on
the internet at no cost. Whenever you install or download this software they can make your
computers virus infected so always avoid using pirated and unofficial software to protect your
computer,

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 Exercise 3
Q1 Define Spreadsheet?
Ans: -A Spreadsheet is a document that stores data in a grid of rows and columns. It allows users to
organize large amount of data easily. We use spreadsheet program to create budgets, balance sheets, and
other type of data-based documents.
Q2 What is MS-Excel? Discuss its main features?
Ans: MS-Excel: Excel is a spreadsheet software that can be used for storing, organizing and manipulating
data. It is a part of Microsoft Office, developed by Microsoft and that is why, it is commonly known is
Microsoft(MS) Excel.
Features of MS Excel: 1) It is very User Friendly. 2) MS-Excel Spreadsheets have the capacity to
organize information into 256 columns and 65536 rows (in MS-Excel 1997-2003). 3) It has many built-in
functions. 4) You can sort your data in ascending or descending order. 5)It has variety of charts such as
Bar Chart, Pie Chart, Column Chart and Line Chart etc. 6) It has the Auto-Fill, Auto-Correct and Auto-
Format features.
Q3 Define the following MS-Excel Functions with Examples? a) SUM b) AVERAGE c) MIN
d) POWER
a) SUM Function: - The SUM Function adds all numbers in arrange if cells.
Examples:
 Enter any 4 values in A1 through A4 cells.
 Put Function SUM (A1:A4)
in Cell A5 to display the result.

Fig: SUM Function

b) AVERAGE Function: - The AVERAGE Function is used to calculate the Average of a range of
numbers.
Examples:
 Enter any 4 values in A1 through A4 cells.
 Put Function AVERAGE (A1:A4)
in Cell A5 to display the result.
Fig: AVERAGE Function

c)MIN Function: - The MIN Function is used to find the smallest or minimum.
Examples:
 Enter any 4 values in A1 through A4 cells.
 Put Function MIN (A1:A4)
in Cell A5 to display the result

Fig: MIN Function

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d)POWER Function: - The POWER Function returns the result of a number of raised to a given power.
Examples:
 Enter any 4 values in A1 through A4 cells.
 Put Function POWER (A2:3)
in Cell A5 to display the result

Fig: POWER Function

Q3 Define the following? A) Pie chart b) Column Chart

Ans: - a) Pie Chart: -A Pie Chart is a circular chart divided into sectors, each sector shows the relative
size of each value.

Fig: A Pie Chart of DMC

b) Column Chart: - Column Chart is a chart in which numerical values are illustrated with horizontal
columns. In this chart, each column represents the value of one item of data.

Fig: A Pie Chart of DMC

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 Exercise 5

Q1 What is BASIC Language? Define its advantage?

ANS: -BASIC Stands for Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It was developed by John
Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz in mid-1960.

Advantages: -

i. BASIC is very simple programming language.

ii. It has very simple and easy grammatical rules(Syntax).
iii. It is easy for beginners to learn.
iv. It is all purpose programming Language.
v. It is user friendly Language.
vi. It has many built-in function.

Q2 What is the difference between Constant Variable?

ANS: - constant: - A constant is a fixed value that does not change during the execution of program.

Variable: - Variables unlike constants, change their values during the execution of program.

Q3 Discuss the Variable name rules?

Ans: -Variable names are sequence of characters that obey the following rules.

i. Variable names can contain letters (A to Z), Digits (0 to 9) and decimal point.
ii. Variable names may be types in either upper or lower case.
iii. The first character of variable name must be an alphabet.
iv. No embedded blank space is allowed.
v. Reserved words cannot be used as a variable.
vi. Variable name can be of any length, but first 40 characters are significant.
vii. Variable names should be meaningful.

Q4 Discuss the arithmetic operator used in BASIC Language?

Ans: -

Operator Operation Example

+ Addition 2+2
- Subtraction 5-2
* Multiplication 3*4

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/ Real Division 5/2
\ Integer Division 5\2
^ Exponentiation 3^2
MOD Modulus Operator 5 MOD 2

 The + and – symbols are used for addition and subtraction and whereas *(Asterisk) is used for
Multiplication.
 The /(slash) symbol is used to indicate real division. For example, the expression 5/2 would yield
the result 2.5.
 The \ (back slash) is used to indicate integer division. For example, the expression 5\2 would yield
the result 2.
 The ^(caret) symbol indicate that a number is to be raised to a power. The expression 3^2 would
be read as 3 raised to the power of 2 and would yield the result 9.
 The MOD (Modulus Operator) computes the remainder after the first value is divided by second
value. For example, 5 MOD 3 would yield the result 2.

Q5 What is the purpose of INPUT Statement. Discuss its syntax?

ANS: - Purpose of INPUT Statement: The input statement is used to accept values for variables during
program execution. It has the following general form:

Syntax: Line# INPUT “Prompt”; var1, var2, var3……

Example:

1) INPUT “Enter 1st value”; A

2) INPUT “Enter 2nd value”; B
3) INPUT “Enter 3rd value”; C
4) LET S=A+B+C
5) PRINT “SUM =”; S
6) END

RUN

Enter 1st value? 27

Enter 2nd value? 50

Enter 3rd value? 88

SUM =165

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Q6 Write a BASIC program to input any number and display its square and cube?

Ans: -

1) INPUT “Enter any Number”; A

2) LET Z=A*A
3) LET Y=A*A*A
4) PRINT “Square =”; Z
5) PRINT “Cube =”; Y
6) END

Q7 Write a basic program to read any five numbers from DATA statement and then compute their
sum and average and display the result on screen?

ANS: -

1) READ A, B, C, D, E
2) DATA 2,4,6,8,10
3) LET SUM=A+B+C+D+E
4) LET AVG=SUM/5
5) PRINT “SUM =”; SUM
6) PRINT “AVERAGE =”; AVG
7) END

RUN

SUM =30

AVERAGE=6

Q8 Write a BASIC program to input any number, if number is greater than zero, then display
“Positive Number” otherwise display “Negative Number”?

ANS: -

1) INPUT “Enter any Number”; X

2) IF(X>0) THEN PRINT “Positive Number” ELSE “Negative Number”
3) END

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 Exercise 4

Q1 What is Flowchart and why it is use?

ANS: - Flowchart: - Graphical representation of a computer program is called Flowchart.

USE: - It helps the computer programmer in writing and managing a computer program.

Q2 Discuss any Four Flowchart symbols?

ANS: -

1) Start/Terminal Symbol:
All Flowchart must start and end with terminal symbol. It is used to indicate the beginning(start)
and ending(Stop) point of the flowchart and therefor, also known as Start/Stop symbol.
Diagram: -

2) Input/output Symbol: -
Input/output symbol is used to indicate the input and output operation. It is also called
parallelogram symbol.
Diagram: -

3) Processing Symbol: -
The processing symbol is used to represent the arithmetic and data movement instruction. It is also
called the Rectangle symbol.
Diagram:-

4) Decision Symbol: -
The most important flowcharting symbol is the decision symbol. It contains a condition that can
be either true or false. It is also called a diamond symbol.
Diagram: -

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Q9 Draw a flowchart that reads any number. If number is greater than zero, then display “Number
is Positive” otherwise display “Number is Negative”?

ANS: -
Start

Input any 5 e.g. number is 2

Numbers

Find Combination 0 < 2 two is

greater than 0

Number is
Find Average
Positive

Show the
Result

Stop

Q8 Draw a flowchart that calculates Area of Square?

ANS: -
Start

Input R

Area=pi*R*R

Display
Area

Stop

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Q9 Draw a flowchart that reads your name and display it on screen?

ANS: -
Start

Reads
name

e.g. Name is “ALI”

Display
name

Stop

Q10 Draw a flowchart that reads any number, if number is even then display “Even number” otherwise

display “Odd number”?

ANS: - Start

Enter any 5
Reads number e.g.
numbers
number is 4

Find Multiple of these

Show that the
numbers
number is “Odd” or
“Even”

Show result

Stop

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