Module 1:- Programming with C

1. Practical 1:-

a. To calculate simple interest taking principal, rate of interest and number of years as input

from user. Write algorithm & draw flowchart for the same.

Algorithm:

Name of Algorithm: To calculate the simple interest.

Step 1: Start

Step 2: Read principal amount as ‘p’, time as ‘t’ and rate of interest as ‘r’

Step 3: SI = p*t*r/100

Step 4: Display SI

Step 5: Stop

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

float principal, rate, time, interest;

// Take user input for principal, rate, and time

printf("Enter principal amount: ");

scanf("%f", &principal);

printf("Enter interest rate: ");

scanf("%f", &rate);

printf("Enter time period (in years): ");

scanf("%f", &time);

// Calculate simple interest

interest = (principal * rate * time) / 100;

// Display the result

printf("Simple Interest is: %.2f\n", interest);

return 0;

}
Output:

Enter principal amount: 1000

Enter interest rate: 6

Enter time period (in years): 2

Simple Interest is: 120.00

b. Write a program to find greatest of three numbers using conditional operator. Write

algorithm & draw flowchart for the same.

Algorithm

Step1:

// using nested if-else

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int c = 10, b = 22, a = 9;

// Finding largest by comparing using relational operators

if (a >= b) {

if (a >= c)

printf("%d is the largest number.", a);

else

printf("%d is the largest number.", c);

else {

if (b >= c)

printf("%d is the largest number.", b);

else

printf("%d is the largest number.", c);

return 0;
}

Output:

The numbers A, B and C are: 10, 22, 9

22 is the largest number.

c. Write a program to check if the year entered is leap year or not. Write algorithm & draw

flowchart for the same.

Algorithm

START

Step 1 → Take integer variable year

Step 2 → Enter the year

Step 3 → Check if year is divisible by 4 but not 100, DISPLAY "leap year"

Step 4 → Check if year is divisible by 400, DISPLAY "leap year"

Step 5 → Otherwise, DISPLAY "not leap year"

Flowchart

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int year;

printf("Enter a year: ");

scanf("%d", &year);

if ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || (year % 400 == 0))

printf("%d is a leap year.\n", year);

Else

printf("%d is not a leap year.\n", year);

return 0;
}

2. Practical 2:-

a. Write a program to calculate roots of a quadratic equation.

Algorithm

Start

Read a, b, c values

Compute d = b2 4ac

if d > 0 then

r1 = b+ sqrt (d)/(2*a)

r2 = b sqrt(d)/(2*a)

Otherwise if d = 0 then

compute r1 = -b/2a, r2=-b/2a

print r1,r2 values

Otherwise if d < 0 then print roots are imaginary

Stop

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

int main()

float a, b, c, r1, r2, d;

printf("Enter the values of a b c: ");

scanf(" %f %f %f", & a, & b, & c);

d = b * b - 4 * a * c;

if (d > 0) { r1 = -b + sqrt(d) / (2 * a);

r2 = -b - sqrt(d) / (2 * a);

printf("The real roots = %f %f", r1, r2);

else if (d == 0) { r1 = -b / (2 * a); r2 = -b / (2 * a);

printf("Roots are equal =%f %f", r1, r2);

Else

printf("Roots are imaginary");

return 0;

Output:

Case 1:

Enter the values of a b c: 1 4 3

The real roots = -3.000000 -5.000000

Case 2:

Enter the values of a b c: 1 2 1

Roots are equal =-1.000000 -1.000000

Case 3:

Enter the values of a b c: 1 1 4

Roots are imaginary

b. Write a menu driven program using switch case to perform add / subtract / multiply /

divide based on the users choice.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

int main()

int a,b;

int op;

printf(" 1.Addition\n 2.Subtraction\n 3.Multiplication\n 4.Division\n");

printf("Enter the values of a & b: ");

scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);

printf("Enter your Choice : ");

scanf("%d",&op);

switch(op)

case 1 :

printf("Sum of %d and %d is : %d",a,b,a+b);

break;

case 2 :

printf("Difference of %d and %d is : %d",a,b,a-b);

break;

case 3 :

printf("Multiplication of %d and %d is : %d",a,b,a*b);

break;

case 4 :

printf("Division of Two Numbers is %d : ",a/b);

break;

default :

printf(" Enter Your Correct Choice.");

break;

return 0;

Output:

1.Addition

2.Subtraction

3.Multiplication

4.Division

Enter the values of a & b: 20 15

Enter your Choice : 1

Sum of 20 and 15 is : 35

c. Write a program to print the pattern of asterisks

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int rows = 5;

// This loop to print all rows

for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {

// Inner loop 1 to print

// white spaces for each row

for (int j = 0; j < 2 * (rows - i) - 1; j++) {

printf(" ");

// Inner loop 2 to print star

// (*) character for each row

for (int k = 0; k < 2 * i + 1; k++) {

printf("* ");

printf("\n");

return 0;

Output:

***

*****

*******

*********
3. Practical 3

a. Write a program using while loop to reverse the digits of a number

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int num, reversedNum = 0, remainder;

// Prompt the user to enter a number

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d", &num);

// Reverse the number using a while loop

while (num != 0) {

remainder = num % 10;

reversedNum = reversedNum * 10 + remainder;

num /= 10; }

// Print the reversed number

printf("Reversed number: %d\n", reversedNum);

return 0;

Output:

Enter a number: 2345

Reversed number = 5432

. b. Write a program to calculate the factorial of a given number.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int n, i;

unsigned long long fact = 1;

printf("Enter an integer: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

// shows error if the user enters a negative integer

if (n < 0)

printf("Error! Factorial of a negative number doesn't exist.");

else {

for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {

fact *= i;

printf("Factorial of %d = %llu", n, fact);

return 0;

Output:

Enter an integer: 10

Factorial of 10 = 3628800

c. Write a program to print the Fibonacci series.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int i, n;

// initialize first and second terms

int t1 = 0, t2 = 1;

// initialize the next term (3rd term)

int nextTerm = t1 + t2;

// get no. of terms from user

printf("Enter the number of terms: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

// print the first two terms t1 and t2

printf("Fibonacci Series: %d, %d, ", t1, t2);

// print 3rd to nth terms

for (i = 3; i <= n; ++i) {

printf("%d, ", nextTerm);

t1 = t2;

t2 = nextTerm;

nextTerm = t1 + t2;

return 0;

Output:

Enter the number of terms: 10

Fibonacci Series: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34,

4. Practical 4

a. Write a program to print area of square using function.

#include <stdio.h>

// Function to calculate the area of a square

// It takes one argument: 'side' (the length of a side of the square)

// It returns the calculated area as a float

float calculateAreaOfSquare(float side) {

float area = side * side;

return area;

int main()

float sideLength;

float areaResult;

printf("Enter the length of the side of the square: ");

scanf("%f", &sideLength);

areaResult = calculateAreaOfSquare(sideLength);

printf("The area of the square with side length %.2f is: %.2f\n", sideLength,
areaResult);

return 0;

Output:

b. Write a program using recursive function

#include <stdio.h>

// Recursive function to calculate factorial

int factorial(int n) {

// Base case: if n is 0 or 1, factorial is 1

if (n == 0 || n == 1) {

return 1;

// Recursive step: n * factorial of (n-1)

else {

return n * factorial(n - 1);

int main() {

int number = 5;

int result;

result = factorial(number); // Call the recursive function

printf("The factorial of %d is %d\n", number, result);

return 0;

Output:

c. Write a program to square root, abs() value using function.

#include <stdio.h> // Required for input/output operations like printf and scanf

#include <stdlib.h> // Required for the abs() function

#include <math.h> // Required for the sqrt() function

// Function to calculate the absolute value of an integer

int getAbsoluteValue(int num) {

return abs(num);

// Function to calculate the square root of a double

double getSquareRoot(double num) {

// It's good practice to handle negative numbers for square root

if (num < 0) {

printf("Error: Cannot calculate square root of a negative number.\n");

return -1.0; // Return a sentinel value to indicate an error

return sqrt(num);

int main() {

int int_value;

double double_value;

// Get input for absolute value

printf("Enter an integer to find its absolute value: ");

scanf("%d", &int_value);

// Calculate and print absolute value

int abs_result = getAbsoluteValue(int_value);

printf("Absolute value of %d is: %d\n", int_value, abs_result);

// Get input for square root

printf("Enter a non-negative number to find its square root: ");

scanf("%lf", &double_value);

// Calculate and print square root

double sqrt_result = getSquareRoot(double_value);

 if (sqrt_result != -1.0) { // Check if no error occurred

printf("Square root of %.2lf is: %.2lf\n", double_value, sqrt_result);

return 0;

Output:

d. Write a program using goto statement .

#include <stdio.h>

int main ()

int i = 11;

if (i % 2 == 0)

EVEN:

printf("The number is even \n");

goto END;

Else

ODD:

printf("The number is odd \n");

END:

printf("End of program");

return 0;

Output:
The number is odd

End of program

5. Practical 5

a. Write a program to print rollno and names of 10 students using array.

#include <stdio.h>

struct student {

char firstName[50];

int roll;

} s[10];

int main() {

int i;

printf("Enter information of students:\n");

// storing information

for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {

s[i].roll = i + 1;

printf("\nFor roll number%d,\n", s[i].roll);

printf("Enter first name: ");

scanf("%s", s[i].firstName);

printf("Displaying Information:\n\n");

// displaying information

for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {

printf("\nRoll number: %d\n", i + 1);

printf("First name: ");

puts(s[i].firstName);
 }

return 0;

Output:

Enter information of students:

For roll number1,

Enter first name:

For roll number2,

Enter first name:

For roll number3,

Enter first name:

b. Write a program to sort the elements of array in ascending or descending order

#include <stdio.h>

void main (){

int num[20];

int i, j, a, n;

printf("Enter number of elements in an array");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter the elements");

for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)

scanf("%d", &num[i]);

for (i = 0; i < n; ++i){

for (j = i + 1; j < n; ++j){

if (num[i] > num[j]){

a = num[i];
 num[i] = num[j];

num[j] = a;

printf("The numbers in ascending order is:");

for (i = 0; i < n; ++i){

printf("%d", num[i]);

Enter number of elements in an array

Enter the elements

12

23

89

11

22

The numbers in ascending order is:

11

12

22

23

89

6. Practical 6

a. Write a program to extract the portion of a character string and print the extracted part.

/ C Program to demonstrate character

// extraction from a string

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

int main()

char str[20];

printf("Enter the string: ");

gets(str);

// character extraction

printf("Printing the characters:: \n");

for (int i = 0; str[i] != '\0'; i++) {

if (str[i] != ' ') { // not a white space

printf("%c\n", str[i]); // printing each characters in a new line

return 0;

Output:

Enter the string: St Andrews

Printing the characters::

b. Write a program to find the given string is palindrome or not.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main()

char string1[20];

int i, length;

int flag = 0;

// Prompt the user for input

printf("Enter a string: ");

scanf("%s", string1);

// Calculate the string length

length = strlen(string1);

// Compare characters from the start and end of the string

// and stop if a mismatch is found or the middle of the string is reached.

for (i = 0; i < length / 2; i++) {

if (string1[i] != string1[length - i - 1]) {

flag = 1;

break;

// Output the result

if (flag) {

printf("%s is not a palindrome\n", string1);

} else {

printf("%s is a palindrome\n", string1);

return 0;
}

c. Write a program to using strlen(), strcmp() function .

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h> // Required for strlen() and strcmp()

int main() {

char str1[] = "Hello";

char str2[] = "World";

char str3[] = "Hello";

// Using strlen()

printf("Length of str1: %zu\n", strlen(str1)); // Output: 5

printf("Length of str2: %zu\n", strlen(str2)); // Output: 5

// Using strcmp()

int comparison_result1 = strcmp(str1, str2);

if (comparison_result1 == 0) {

printf("str1 and str2 are equal.\n");

} else if (comparison_result1 < 0) {

printf("str1 is lexicographically smaller than str2.\n");

} else {

printf("str1 is lexicographically greater than str2.\n");

// Output for "Hello" vs "World": str1 is lexicographically smaller than str2.

int comparison_result2 = strcmp(str1, str3);

if (comparison_result2 == 0) {
 printf("str1 and str3 are equal.\n"); // Output: str1 and str3 are equal.

} else if (comparison_result2 < 0) {

printf("str1 is lexicographically smaller than str3.\n");

} else {

printf("str1 is lexicographically greater than str3.\n");

return 0;

Output:

7. Practical 7

Write a program to swap two numbers using a function. Pass the values to be swapped to

this function using call-by-value method and call-byreference method.

#include <stdio.h>

swap (int *, int *);

int main()

int a, b;

printf("\nEnter value of a & b: ");

scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);

printf("\nBefore Swapping:\n");

printf("\na = %d\n\nb = %d\n", a, b);

swap(&a, &b);

printf("\nAfter Swapping:\n");

printf("\na = %d\n\nb = %d", a, b);

return 0;

}
swap (int *x, int *y)

int temp;

temp = *x;

*x = *y;

*y = temp;

Output:

8. Practical

8 a. Write a program to read a matrix of size m*n.

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int a[10][10], r, c;

printf("Enter rows and columns: ");

scanf("%d %d", &r, &c);

// asssigning elements to the matrix

printf("\nEnter matrix elements:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < r; ++i)

for (int j = 0; j < c; ++j) {

printf("Enter element a%d%d: ", i + 1, j + 1);

scanf("%d", &a[i][j]);

// printing the matrix a[][]

printf("\nEntered matrix: \n");

for (int i = 0; i < r; ++i)

 for (int j = 0; j < c; ++j) {

printf("%d ", a[i][j]);

if (j == c - 1)

printf("\n");

return 0;

Output:

b. Write a program to multiply two matrices using a function.

void Matrix_mul (int mat1[][c1], int mat2[][c2])

int mul[r1][c2];

printf ("Multiplication of given two matrices is:\n");

for (int i = 0; i < r1; i++)

for (int j = 0; j < c2; j++)

mul[i][j] = 0;

for (int k = 0; k < r2; k++)

mul[i][j] += mat1[i][k] * mat2[k][j];

printf ("%d\t", mul[i][j]);

printf ("\n");

}
Output:

9. Practical

9 Write a program to print the structure using Title Author Subject Book ID Print

the details of two students.

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

// Define the structure for a Book

struct Student {

char title[100];

char author[50];

char subject[100];

int student_id;

};

int main() {

// Declare two structure variables, Book1 and Book2

Struct Student Student1;

struct Student Student2;

// --- Student 1 specifications ---

// Use strcpy to assign values to the string members

strcpy(Student1.title, "The C Programming Language");

strcpy(Student1.author, "Brian W. Kernighan");

strcpy(Student1.subject, "Programming");

Student1 student_id = 1001;

 // --- Book 2 specifications ---

strcpy(Student2.title, "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy");

strcpy(Student2.author, "Douglas Adams");

strcpy(Student2.subject, "Science Fiction");

Student2 student_id = 1002;

// --- Print Book 1 details ---

printf("Book 1 Details:\n");

printf("--------------------------\n");

printf("Title : %s\n", Student1.title);

printf("Author : %s\n", Student1.author);

printf("Subject : %s\n", Student1.subject);

printf("Book ID : %d\n\n", Student1.student_id);

// --- Print Book 2 details ---

printf("Book 2 Details:\n");

printf("--------------------------\n");

printf("Title : %s\n", Student2.title);

printf("Author : %s\n", Student2.author);

printf("Subject : %s\n", Student1.subject);

printf("Book ID : %d\n", Student2.student _id);

return 0;

Output:
10. Practical

10

Create a mini project on “Bank management system”. The program should be menu driven.

#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<string.h>

void menu();

void new_acc();

void exit();

void de_money();

void withdraw();

void acc_det();

void main()

menu();

getch();

struct {

char acc_no[20];

int amt,exit0,bal;

char name[100],addr[20],acc_type;

}add,check,upd,de,with,det;

void menu()

int choice;

system("cls");

printf("\n%58s","WELCOME TO THE BANK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM");

printf("\n\n%50s","WELCOME TO MAIN MENU");

 printf("\n\n\t\t1.Create New Account");

printf("\n\t\t2.Deposit Money");

printf("\n\t\t3.Withdraw Money");

printf("\n\t\t4.Check Existing Account Details");

printf("\n\t\t5.Exit");

schoice:

printf("\n\n\n\t\tEnter Your Choice : ");

scanf("%d",&choice);

system("cls");

switch(choice)

case 1:new_acc();

break;

case 2:de_money();

break;

choice;

account_no:

fptr=fopen("C:\\record.txt","a+");

printf("\n\n%50s","Open New Account");

printf("\n\n\tEnter Your Full Name : ");

gets(add.name);

printf("\n\tEnter yor address : ");

gets(add.addr);

printf("\n\tWhat type of account you want to open \n\tSaving(S)

or Current(C): ");

scanf(" %c",&add.acc_type);

printf("\n\tEnter account number (Use Your Mobile No.): ");

scanf("%s",&add.acc_no);
if(add.acc_no==check.acc_no)

printf("\n\tAccount no. is already in use!");

goto account_no;

else

printf("\n\tAccount Created Successfully.!!");

money:

printf("\n\tPlease deposit A money (Minimum 500 ): ");

scanf("%d",&add.amt);

if(add.amt>=500)

printf("\n\tMoney Deposit Successfully!!");

add.bal=add.amt;

printf("\n\tBalance : %d",add.bal);

else

printf("\tInvalid Amount!!");

goto money;

m("cls");

if(choice==1)

menu();

else if(choice==0)
 {

exit();

else

printf("\n\tInvalid !");

goto invalid;

fclose(fptr);

void de_money()

int choice;

FILE *old;

system("cls");

old=fopen("C:\\record.txt","a+");

printf("\n\n%48s","Deposit Money");

transaction:

printf("\n\n\tEnter your account Number : ");

scanf("%d",&de.acc_no);

printf("\n\tAccount Holder Name : %s",add.name);

printf("\n\tYour Main Balance is : %d",add.bal);

printf("\n\tEnter Your amount you want to Deposit : ");

scanf("%d",&de.amt);

add.bal=de.amt+add.amt;

printf("\n\tMoney Deposit Successfully!");

printf("\n\tYour avialable balance is: %d",add.bal);

printf("\n\n\t\t\t\tThank you!!");
 invalid:

printf("\n\n\tEnter 1 to go main menu and 0 to Exit : ");

scanf("%d",&choice);

system("cls");

if(choice==1)

menu();

else if(choice==0)

exit();

else

printf("\n\tInvalid !");

goto invalid;

fclose(old);

void withdraw()

int choice;

FILE *old,*newrec;

system("cls");

old=fopen("C:\\record.txt","a+");

printf("\n\n%48s","Withdraw Money");

transaction:

printf("\n\n\tEnter your account Number : ");

 scanf("%s",&with.acc_no);

printf("\n\tAccount Holder Name : %s",add.name);

printf("\n\tYour Main Balance is : %d",add.bal);

printf("\n\tEnter Your amount you want to Withdraw : ");

scanf("%d",&with.amt);

add.bal=with.amt-add.bal;

printf("\n\tMoney Withdraw Successfully!");

printf("\n\tYour available balance is: %d",add.bal);

printf("\n\n\t\t\t\tThank you!!");

invalid:

printf("\n\n\tEnter 1 to go main menu and 0 to Exit : ");

scanf("%d",&choice);

system("cls");

if(choice==1)

menu();

else if(choice==0)

exit();

else

printf("\n\tInvalid !");

goto invalid;

fclose(old);

}
void acc_det()

FILE *fptr;

int choice;

system("cls");

fptr=fopen("C:\\record.txt","r");

printf("\n\n%48s","Account Details");

detail:

printf("\n\n\tEnter your account Number : ");

scanf("%s",&det.acc_no);

printf("\n\tAccount Number : %s",add.acc_no);

printf("\n\tAccount Holder Name : %s",add.name);

printf("\n\tAccount Type : %c",add.acc_type);

printf("\n\tYour Balence : %d",add.bal);

invalid:

printf("\n\n\n\tEnter 1 to go main menu and 0 to Exit : ");

scanf("%d",&choice);

system("cls");

if(choice==1)

menu();

else if(choice==0)

exit();

else

{
 printf("\n\tInvalid !");

goto invalid;

fclose(fptr);

void exit()

system("cls");

printf("\n\n\n\t\t\t\t Thank You!");

printf("\n\n\t *** The Project Created By Bhavesh Shinde [FY-IT]

***");

OUTPUT: