WOLLO UNIVERSITY

KOMBOLCHA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

KOMBOLCHA
ETHIOPIA

INTRODUCTION TO
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
LAB MANUAL
USING
MULTISIM SOFTWARE

SCHOOLOF
ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING
 Lab Manual on Introduction to Communication system
Kombolcha Institute of Technology

LABORATORY MANUAL FOR

INTRODUCTION TO
COMMNUCATION SYSTEM
USING
MULTISIM SOFTWARE

Prepared by

SHAIK IRFAN, Expatriate Lecturer

&
KEMILA HUSSEN MUHYE, Technical Assistant

School of Electrical & Computer Engineering

June 2022

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Lab Manual on Introduction to Communication system Kombolcha Institute of Technology

Preface

This document has been prepared to serve as a laboratory manual for Introduction
to Communication subject for Electrical and Computer Engineering students with a
purpose to provide the students the design, construction, and implementation of
several electronic circuits. The experiments cover relevant topics prescribed in the
syllabus and are designed to reinforce the theoretical concepts taught in the
classroom with practical experience in the lab. This lab manual can be used as
instructional book for students, staff and instructors to assist in performing and
understanding the Multisim software and experiments.

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Lab Manual on Introduction to Communication system
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Acknowledgement
In the first place we would like to express our hearty thanks to God Almighty for
giving us the inner strength, courage and ability to bring out this manual.

We would like to express our profound gratitude and deep regards to the support
offered by our Scientific Director, Dr. Melaku Tamene.

We also express our deep sense of gratitude to our Dean, School of Electrical and
Bio- Medical Mr.Belete (Asst.Prof). for his professional advice & guidance.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to the Electrical and Computer
Engineering Department Head Mr.Assefa Sisay (Asst.Prof). for his encouragement
and kind support.

We extend our hearty thanks to the staff members of our Department for their
encouragement and kind support.

We would like to express our gratitude to all the people who saw us through this
book, to all those who provided support, talked things over, read, wrote and offered
comments.

Last but not the least, we would like to thank all those who were directly or
indirectly involved in helping us to bring out this manual successfully.

Shaik Irfan & Kemila Hussen

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Lab Manual on Introduction to Communication system Kombolcha Institute of Technology

CONTENTS

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
S. No Page No.
Exp. No Experiment Name
1 ----- INTRODUCTION 1
2 Exp.No.1 AMPLITUDE MODULATION 10
3 Exp.No.2 FREQUENCY MODULATION 13
4 Exp.No.3 AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING 16
5 Exp.No.4 PHASE SHIFT KEYING 19
6 Exp.No.5 FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING 22
7 Exp.No.6 PULSE AMPLITUDE MODULATION 25
8 Exp.No.7 PULSE WIDTH MODULATION 28

9 -------- VIVA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 31

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1.1 INTRODUCTION:

The objective of this laboratory manual is to make the students experimentally

familiar with the operation of various electronic communication circuits. Students
will understand the importance of modulation in communication and different
types of modulation techniques by studying the simulation of circuits in Multisim
software. After completing this course the student will be able to analyze circuits
experimentally and also learns the application of circuits in practical fields.

1.2 ABOUT MUTLISIM:

Multisim is schematic capture and simulation application of National Instruments

Circuit Design Suite, a suite of EDA (Electronic Design Automation). Here is
window of Multisim, as it appears first time when you start the software.

Figure 1: Multisim Window

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1. The Menu Bar is where you find commands for all functions.

2. The Design Toolbox lets you navigate through the different types of files in a
project (schematics, PCBs, reports), view a schematic’s hierarchy and show or hide
different layers.

3. The Component toolbar contains buttons that let you select components from the
Multisim databases for placement in your schematic.

4. The Standard toolbar contains buttons for commonly-performed functions such

as Save, Print, Cut, and Paste.

5. The View toolbar contains buttons for modifying the way the screen is
displayed.

6. The Simulation toolbar contains buttons for starting, stopping, and other
simulation functions.

7. The Main toolbar contains buttons for common Multisim functions.

8. The In Use List contains a list of all components used in the design.

9. The Instruments toolbar contains buttons for each instrument.

10. Scroll Left –right is to ensure ease in handling larger designs.

11. The Circuit Window (or workspace) is where you build your circuit.

12. Active tab indicates the current active circuit window.

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A blank schematic is shown below figure

Figure 2: Blank Schematic

Open/Create Schematic

A blank schematic Circuit 1 is automatically created.

To create a new schematic, click on File – New – Schematic Capture.

To save the schematic click on File /Save As.

To open an existing file, click on File/ Open in the toolbar.

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Place Components

To Place Components, click on Place/Components. On the Select Component

Window click on Group to select the components needed for the circuit. Click OK
to place the component on the schematic.

Figure 3a: Selecting a Resistor

For example, to select resistors shown in Figure 3a click on Place/ Components. In

Group select Basic scroll down to Resistors and select the value of the resistor
needed to construct the circuit, for this example select 1k.

To place DC source, click on Sources in Group and select DC Source. As shown in

Figure 3b below.

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Figure 3b: Selecting a DC Source

Virtual Components:

Components can also be place on the circuit using Virtual components.

Click on View – Toolbars and select the toolbar needed for the circuit

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Figure 4: Selecting Virtual Components

Rotate Components:

To rotate the components right click on the Resistor to flip the component on 90
Clockwise (Ctrl +R) and 90 Counter Clockwise (Ctrl+Shift+R).

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Figure 5: To rotate components

Place Wire/Connect Components:

To connect resistors, click on Place/Wire drag and place the wire. Components can
also be connected by clicking the mouse over the terminal edge of one component
and dragging to the edge of another component.

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Change Component Values:

To change component values double click on the component this brings up a

window that display the properties of the component.

Figure 6: To change component values

Grounding:

All circuits must be grounded before the circuit can be simulated. Click on Ground
in the toolbar to ground the circuit. If the circuit is not grounded Multisim will not
run the simulation.

Fig 7: For grounding purpose

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Simulation:

To simulate the completed circuit, click on Simulate/Run or F5. This feature can
also be accessed from the toolbar as shown in the Figure 10 below.

Fig 7: For Simulation

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EXPERIMENT No: 1
AMPLITUDE MODULATION

AIM: To design and verify the characteristics of AM modulator using simulation

software.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Name of the Specifications/Range Quantity

Component/Equipment
Transistor (BC 107BP) Ft=300MHz 1
Pd =1W Ic (max)=100mA
Diode (0A79) Max Current 35mA 1
Resistors 1KΩ, 22KΩ, 6.8KΩ, 10KΩ 1 each
Capacitors 10nF 1
Inductor 130mH 1
Four channel oscilloscope 2V 1
Message signal 2Vpk,1kHz, ,0º 2
AC Power 15Vpk, 11kHz, ,0º 1
Supply(CARRIER)
Table 1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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SIMULATION PROCEDURE:

 Open MULTISIM Software.

 Click=> New => Design1
 Click save as in Desk Top rename the Design1 to your circuit name.
 Go to Component tool bar and select the components.

 Draw the schematic of amplitude modulator as shown.

 Specify the values of amplitude and frequency for the carrier signal.
 Carrier Signal: XFG1 F= 11 Khz / 15v, Modulating signal XFG2 F= 1khz /
2v.
 Calculate the modulation index and note the readings.
 Record the output.

EXPECTED WAVEFORM

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RESULT:

The design of amplitude modulator was done with simulation software and CRO
output is shown below.

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EXPERIMENT No: 2

FREQUENCY MODULATION

AIM: To Design and verify the characteristics of FM modulator and demodulator

using MULTISIM

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Name of the Specifications/Range Quantity
Component/Equipment
Transistor (BC 107BP) Ft=300MHz 1
Pd =1W Ic (max)=100mA
Diode (1N4149) Max Current 35mA 1
Resistors 1KΩ, 22KΩ, 6.8KΩ, 10KΩ, 1 each
4.7 KΩ,680 Ω
Capacitors Variable capacitor(100pF 1
key=A),1µF,0.56µF,0.1µF,
0.03µF,0.001µF
Inductor 90µH 1
Four channel oscilloscope 2V 1
Functional generator - 2
regulated Power Supply 12 V 1

Table 2

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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SIMULATION PROCEDURE:

 Open MULTISIM Software.

 Click=> New => Design1
 Click save as in Desk Top rename the Design1 to your circuit name.
 Go to Component tool bar and select the components.

 Draw the schematic of amplitude modulator as shown.

 Specify the values of amplitude and frequency for the carrier signal.
 Carrier Signal: XFG1 F= 11 Khz / 15v, Modulating signal XFG2 F= 1khz /
2v.
 Calculate the modulation index and note the readings.
 Record the output.
EXPECTED WAVEFORM

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RESULT: The design of Frequency modulator and demodulator was done using
multisim software and also the message signal is retrieved from the modulated
signal

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EXPERIMENT No: 3

AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING

AIM: To Design and verify the characteristics of Amplitude Shift Keying

Modulation using MULTISIM software.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Name of the
Component/Equipment Specifications/Range Quantity
Ft=300MHz
Transistor (BC 107BP) Pd =1W Ic (max)=100mA 1
Resistor 1.2KΩ 3
Functional generator - 2
Four channel oscilloscope - 1
Power supply 5v 1
Table 3

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

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SIMULATION PROCEDURE.

 Open MULTISIM Software.

 Click=> New => Design1
 Click save as in Desk Top rename the Design1 to your circuit name.

 Go to Component tool bar and select the components.

 Draw the schematic of Amplitude Shift Keying modulator as shown.
 Specify the values of amplitude and frequency for the same to carrier and
modulating signals.
 XFG1: Square wave F=300H/V= 10, XFG2=SINE wave F=5 Khz/V=10.
 Record the output.

EXPECTED WAVEFORM

RESULTS:

Thus design of amplitude shift keying modulator was completed and its output is
verified.

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EXPERIMENT No: 4

PHASE SHIFT KEYING

AIM: To Design and verify the characteristics of Phase Shift Keying Modulation
using MULTISIM software.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Name of the Specifications/Range Quantity

Component/Equipment

Operational amplifier UA741CD 1

Functional generator - 2
Four channel oscilloscope - 1
transistor BC547B 1
Power supply 12V 1
resistor 4(10 KΩ),1(KΩ) 5
Table 4

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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SIMULATION PROCEDURE.

 Open MULTISIM Software.

 Click=> New => Design1
 Click save as in Desk Top rename the Design1 to your circuit name.
 Go to Component tool bar and select the components.

 Draw the schematic of Phase Shift Keying modulator as shown.

 Specify the values of amplitude and frequency for the same to carrier and
modulating signals.
 XFG1: Square wave F=300H/V= 10, XFG2=SINE wave F=5 Khz/V=10.
 Record the output.

EXPECTED WAVEFORM:

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RESULTS:

Thus design of phase shift keying modulator was completed and its output is
verified.

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EXPERIMENT No: 5

FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING

AIM: To Design and verify the characteristics of Frequency Shift Keying

Modulation using MULTISIM software.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Name of the Specifications/Range Quantity
Component/Equipment
Transistor BC558B 1
Functional signal generator - 1
Oscilloscope 1
Resistor 100KΩ,2(47KΩ),2(1KΩ) 5
Capacitor 0.022µF,0.01µF 2
Power supply 5V 1
555 TIMER - 1
Table 5

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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SIMULATION PROCEDURE.

 Open MULTISIM Software.

 Click=> New => Design1
 Click save as in Desk Top rename the Design1 to your circuit name.
 Go to Component tool bar and select the components.
 Draw the schematic of Frequency Shift Keying modulator as shown.

 Specify the values of amplitude and frequency for the same to carrier and
modulating signals.
 XFG1: Square wave F=300H/V= 10, XFG2=SINE wave F=5 Khz/V=10.
 Record the output.

EXPECTED WAVEFORM:

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RESULTS:
Thus design of frequency shift keying modulator was completed and its output is
verified.

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EXPERIMENT No: 6

PULSE AMPLITUDE MODULATION

AIM: To Design and verify the characteristics of Pulse Amplitude Modulation

using MULTISIM software.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Name of the Specifications/Range Quantity

Component/Equipment
Transistor (2N2222A)
- 1
Diode (1N4009),D2(1N4001G)
- 2
Resistors
R1(4.5 KΩ),R2(4.5 KΩ), 3
R3(10 KΩ)
Capacitors
10µF,10nF 2

Functional generator - 1

Four channel oscilloscope - 1

555 virtual timer - 1

Power supply 5V 1

Table 6

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SIMULATION PROCEDURE.

 Open MULTISIM Software.

 Click=> New => Design1
 Click save as in Desk Top rename the Design1 to your circuit name.
 Go to Component tool bar and select the components.

 Draw the schematic of Pulse Amplitude modulator as shown.

 Specify the values of amplitude and frequency for the same to modulating
signal.
 Record the output.

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EXPECTED WAVEFORM:

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RESULTS:

Thus design of Pulse Amplitude modulator was completed and its output is
verified.

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EXPERIMENT No: 7

PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

AIM: To Design and verify the characteristics of Pulse Amplitude Modulation

using MULTISIM software.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

Name of the Specifications/Range Quantity

Component/Equipment
Function Generator 1MHz 2
Resistor 10KΩ,100Ω, 100Ω 3
Power supply 12V 1
Capacitor 1µF 1
555 timer - 1
Four channel oscilloscope - 1
Table 7

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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SIMULATION PROCEDURE.

 Open MULTISIM Software.

 Click=> New => Design1
 Click save as in Desk Top rename the Design1 to your circuit name.
 Go to Component tool bar and select the components.

 Draw the schematic of Pulse Width modulator as shown.

 Specify the values of amplitude and frequency for the same to modulating
signal.
 Record the output.

EXPECTED WAVEFORM:

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RESULTS:

Thus design of Pulse Width modulator was completed and its output isverified.

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VIVA QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Question 1. What Is Modulation and Demodulation?

 Answer: Modulation is the process of altering the characteristics of the

amplitude, frequency, or phase angle of the high-frequency signal in
accordance with the instantaneous value of the modulating wave.
 Demodulation is the process of extracting the original information signal
from a modulated carrier signal.

Question 2. What Is Analog Modulation and State Various Techniques?

 Answer: In it, the modulating technique is applied to the analog information

signal. Its various techniques are:

Amplitude modulation(AM)

Frequency modulation(FM)

Phase modulation(PM)

Question 3. Why Frequency Modulation Is Better Than Amplitude Modulation?

 Answer: Modulation is better as it provides more resistance to noise as

compared to demodulation.

Question 4. What Is Digital Modulation and State Various Techniques?

 Answer: We can consider it as conversion of analog to digital signal. Its

various techniques are:

PSK- Phase shift keying

ASK- Amplitude shift keying

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FSK- Frequency shift keying

QAM- Quadrature amplitude modulation

Question 5. What Is the Difference Between Detector And Demodulator?

 Answer: A detector is a device that recovers information of interest

contained in a modulated wave.
 Demodulation is updated form of detector which extracts the original
information from a modulated carrier wave.

Question 6. What Is Depth of Modulation?

 Answer: It refers to the ratio of the unmodulated carrier amplitude to the

amplitude deviation for which the modulated carrier wave reaches its
minimum value.

Question 7. Advantages of Analog Communication Over Digital Communication

Are?

 Answer: Due to analog to digital conversion, the data rate becomes high in
digital communication. So the transmission bandwidth is also increased.
Digital transmission also needs synchronization in certain applications
which is not needed in case of analog communication systems

Question 8. If Modulation Index Is Greater Than 1?explain?

 Answer: Modulation index is the measure of extent to which the parameter

of the carrier is varied in accordance with the modulating signal. If
modulation index is greater than 1, or the modulation percentage is more
than 100%, it is called over modulation.

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 The baseband signal is not preserved in the envelope of the AM signal and
therefore, the recovered signal is distorted at the output of the receiver.

Question 9. In an Amplitude Modulation what will happen?

 Answer: In an Amplitude Modulation, the amplitude of the carrier varies

according to the instantaneous values of the baseband signal. The frequency
and the phase of the carrier remain constant.
 The envelope of the AM wave has the same shape as the message of the base
band signal.

Question 10. Analog Communication Indicates?

 Answer: Analog communication means that the information is transmitted in

the form of a continuous signal, such as a sound wave. The signal has
varying amplitude or phase or frequency.
 Coding is not applied to the signal as in case of digital data. Amplitude
modulated signal and frequency modulated signals are the examples of
analog communication.

Question 11. What are the degrees of modulation?

 Answer:

Under modulation. m<1,

Critical modulation m=1,

Over modulation m >1

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Question 12. Define depth of modulation ?

 Answer: It is defined as the ratio between message amplitude to that of

carrier amplitude. m=Em/Ec

Question 13. What is the need for modulation?

 Answer:
o Ease of transmission
o Multiplexing
o Reduced noise
o Narrow bandwidth
o Frequency assignment
o Reduce the equipment’s limitations

Question 14. Define phase modulation.

Answer: Phase modulation is defined as the process of changing the phase of the
carrier signal in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the message
signal.

Question 15. What are the disadvantages of FM system?

 Answer:
o A much wider channel is required by FM.
o FM transmitting and receiving equipment’s tend to be more complex
and hence it is expensive.

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