ASSIGNEMENT: Unit – I: EMM

Unit – I: Syllabus:

Structure of metal: Crystal structure, miller indices, lattices, imperfections,

elementary treatment of point and line defects and their relation to mechanical
properties.
Deformation: Slip, twinning, effect of cold and hot working on mechanical
properties, principle of recovery, re – crystallization and grain growth

1. Define atom and molecules, give examples. Also define monoatomic, diatomic, triatomic
or polyatomic.
2. Define: Atomic Structure, Micro structure and Macro Structure.
3. How Common engineering materials are classified?
4. What factors form the basis of various systems of classifications of materials?
5. What are the properties of metals? Classify them.
6. What is ferrous metals? Classify them.
7. Define the following and give suitable examples: Non-Ferrous, Sintered and Clad Metals
8. What are factors on which selection of materials for particular job depended?
9. What do mean by crystalline and non-crystalline (amorphous), materials?
10. Write1 short on Whiskers and explain with examples.
11. What is space lattice and unit cell?
12. What do mean by Bravais lattices in two dimensions, draw them?
13. Draw the following Bravais lattices in three dimensions:
(a) Simple cubic (h) Body-centered orthorhombic
(b) Body centered cubic (i) Face-centered orthorhombic
(c) Face-centered cubic (j) Monoclinic
(d) Tetragonal (k) Base-centered monoclinic
(e) Body-centered tetragonal (l) Triclinic
(f) Orthorhombic (m) Trigonal
(g) Base-centered orthorhombic (n) Hexagonal
14. Find the Atomic Packing factor of Simple cube crystal, Face cenrtred cubic crystal, body
cenrtred cubic crystal and Hexagonal close packed crystal.
15. Draw the Crystal directions in an orthorhombic lattice.
16. What do understand by Crystallographic Planes? Explain with neat diagrams.
17. Determination of Miller Indices the intercepts made by the plane on the crystallographic
axes given? Intercept of a plane along x, y, and z axes are 4, 2, 3, find Miller Indices.
18. What are the Important Features of Miller Indices of Crystal Planes?
19. Draw Crystal planes corresponding to {111}
20. Sketching the plane from the given miller indices
21. What do you mean by defects or imperfections in crystals? Explain:
(i) Point imperfections
(ii) Line imperfections
(iii) Surface and grain boundary imperfections
(iv) Volume imperfections
22. Explain the terms slip and twinning. How does slip occur? Explain slip directions and
slip planes with diagrams.
23. Explain the difference between slipping and twinning. How does twinning occur in
metals? Name and explain two types of twins.
24. Describe the process of slip. How deformation take place by slip? What are slip systems
and easy slip directions?
25. What is slip? On what crystallographic planes and in what directions it is likely to occur
in BCC, FCC and HCP metals?
26. What is critical resolved shear stress? On what factors does it depend?
(a) What is effect of cold working on the mechanical properties of metals and alloys?
(b) Discuss the change in properties when a severely cold-worked metal is annealed
at successively higher temperatures.
27. What is dislocation and how it is formed
28. Distinguish between the term ‘recovery’ and ‘recrystallization’ involved in the process
of heating cold-worked metals.
29. Define Burger’s vector and illustrate it on the sketch of an edge dislocation.
30. What is the significance of dislocations in the plastic deformation of metals?
31. What are low angle grain boundaries? How they are produced?
32. What is hot and cold working? How do they differ? Explain their effects on the
properties of materials.
33. What do you understand by preferred orientation? How does it affect the properties of a
material?
34. How will you detect that preferred orientation is present or not?
35. Describe the three stages of annealing of cold-worked metal. Discuss the mechanisms of
recovery and recrystallization.
36. Differentiate primary and secondary recrystallization. Describe the factors which control
recrystallization.
37. Write short notes on the following:
(i) Recrystallization and Recovery and recrystallization
(ii) Dislocation theory
(iii) Point and line defects
(iv) Grain growth and Grain boundary defects
(v) Edge and screw dislocation (vi) Hot and cold working
(vii) Shear stress and critical resolved shear stress (viii) Burger vector
(ix) Polygonisation (x) Elastic and plastic deformation in steel
(xi) Stacking faults in crystal (xii) Slip and twinning

For Question on density refer recommended book.

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 18 AUGUST 2025

 ASSIGNMENTS – UNIT – II: EMM
FRACTURE AND CREEP
UNIT II: Syllabus
Fracture: Fracture of metal and alloys, brittle and ductile, fracture, fatigue failure,
effect of alloying elements, design consideration.
Creep: Basic consideration in selection of material for high and low temperature
service, creep curve, effect of material variables on creep properties, brittle
failure at low temperature.

1. What do you mean by fracture? Give examples.

2. What are ductile fractures. Give examples.
3. What are brittle fractures. Give examples.
4. What are the salient features of brittle fracture?
5. Explain ductile to brittle transition as a function of grain size and temperature.
6. What do you mean by transition temperature?
7. What is fatigue failure/ Explain it detail?
8. What are the main basic reasons for taking place of fatigue failures?
9. What is the Mechanism of Fatigue Failure?
10. What are the alloying elements added to improve one or more the properties?
11. How is Fatigue Failure take place?
12. What are factors affecting fatigue properties of a material?
13. What are Alloying Elements? Name them and their effects.
14. What do you mean by solid solution?
15. What are the types of solid solutions?
16. What are the design considerations? Explain?
17. What are stress concentrations?
18. What are Residual stresses?
19. What is the creep? What are the factors which effect creep curve?
20. Draw typical creep curve of strain versus time at constant stress and constant elevated
temperature. Explain it in details.

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 18 AUGUST 2025

 Assignment: Unit – III – EMM
UNIT III: Syllabus:
Solidification: Phases in metal system, lever rule, solidification of metal and
alloys, solid solution, eutectic, eutectoid and inter – metallic compounds, Iron
carbon equilibrium diagram, TTT – diagram.
Heat Treatment: Principles and purpose of treatment of plain carbon steels,
annealing, normalizing, hardening, tempering, isothermal treatment, case
hardening – carburizing, nitriding etc., precipitating hardening of aluminium
alloys.

1. What is a solid solution? Explain (i) substitutional solid solution and (ii) interstitial solid
solution.
2. Write two examples of each in alloy system.
3. Carbon when dissolved in iron, forms interstitial solid solution. Explain.
4. What are three variables that determine the microstructure of an alloy.
5. What thermodynamic condition must be met for a state of equilibrium to exist?
6. Draw a schematic TTT curve for a 0.8% plain carbon steel. Label all phase regions.
7. Draw Fe-C phase diagram. Label all the phases and temperatures properly. Describe the
phase changes during solidification of Fe – 0.45% C alloy.
8. State and explain ‘Gibb’s phase rule’, defining all terms with examples.
9. Draw the cooling curves for a binary system forming eutective solution. Explain, how
cooling curves are useful.
10. Draw Fe-C phase diagram. Label all the phases and temperatures properly. Describe the
phase changes during solidification of Fe – 0.45% alloy.
11. Define critical cooling rate. Give critical cooling rates for different types of carbon steels.
12. What do you understand by critical points and critical range and how are they related to
heating and cooling of steel. Explain their importance in phase transformations.
13. Why there are tie lines for three phase equilibria but not for two phase equilibrium in a
two component system?
14. Describe the working of Fe-C diagrams and list the advantages and limitations of these
diagrams when applied to heat treatment.
15. Explain the working and importance of TTT diagrams. What information is supplied by
these diagrams?
16. Describe the process of austenite decomposition of alloyed steels with TTT diagrams.
17. Write short notes on
(i) Martensite (ii) Cementite (iii) Pearlite (iv) Ferrite (v) Pearlite
(vi) Ferrite (vii) Cementite (viii) Bainite (ix) Retained Austenite

18. What is the use of tie lines and lever rule within two phase regions?
19. What is the significance of phase rule?
20. What is the significance of a ‘lever rule’?
21. What do you understand by heat treatment?
22. How is a piece of steel austenitized?
23. Explain why Carburising heat treatment is generally on low carbon steels?
24. What are three steps in an age hardening (heat) treatment? Describe what happens in each
step?
25. (i) Explain the various purposes of heat treatment. (ii) Describe the flame hardening
process and its application, (iii) Explain the process of annealing.
26. Why must water quenching be used to harden plain carbon steels, while some alloy steels
can be hardened by air cooling?
27. Distinguish between hardness and hardenability of a steel. State the factors which affect
hardenability.
28. What factors have to be considered in determining the type of quenching to be used to
harden a steel?
29. Distinguish between full annealing and process annealing.
30. What is meant by the term hardenability? Describe how hardenability of a steel can be
estimated.
31. Explain different types of annealing treatments and their objects.
32. What is the minimum carbon content percentage required in steel so that it may respond
to hardening by heat treatment?
33. Explain the theory of ‘tempering’. What are the effects of tempering on the mechanical
properties of steel.
34. Why are the steels heat treated? Discuss the major defects in steel due to faulty heat
treatment.
35. Describe the flame hardening process with the aid of a sketch.
36. Describe the main features of martensite transformation
37. State the process of tempering.
38. What type of heat treatment is given for die steels?
39. Distinguish between:
(a) Hardness and Hardenability
(b) Full annealing and Process Annealing
(c) Martempering and Tempering
(d) Annealing and Tempering
(e) Hardness and Hardening
(f) Solute and Precipitation Hardening
40. How hardness is it measured? Describe some hardness testing methods.
41. Define carburizing. Describe the various carburizing processes. Why are they preferred
over each other?
42. Outline the principle of high frequency induction hardening. How is induction hardening
carried out. Mention its advantages, disadvantages and applications.
43. Describe flame hardening and compare it with induction hardening. Describe its merits
and demerits and mention its applications.
44. Write short notes on the following:
(i) Age hardening heat treatment (ii) Normalising (iii) Full annealing and process
annealing (iv) Case hardening (v) Annealing (vi) Nitriding (vii) Cyaniding (viii)
Spheroidising
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 18 AUGUST 2025