ERECTION OF SPACE FRAMES
• Lattice structures in 3D
• Conceptualized by Alexander
Graham Bell – 1907
• Tetrahedron geometry concept
The Tuball system
• Developed in 1984,
• consists of steel nodes in the
form of hollow spherical nodes
and circular tubes.
• Plugs with threaded holes are
provided in the tubular
members, and the spherical
nodes are attached to these
with bolts.
• The various components of
the system can be
manufactured in either steel
or aluminium.
TYPES OF SPACE FRAMES
1. FLAT COVERS 2. BARREL VAULTS 3. SPHERICAL DOMES
• Composed of planar • This type of vault has a cross • Usually require the use of
substructures. section of a simple arch form. tetrahedral modules or pyramids
• The plane are channelled • Usually does not need to use and additional support from a
through the horizontal bars and tetrahedral modules or pyramids skin.
the shear forces are supported as a part of its backing
by the diagonals.
Space Frame Supports
Space Frame Supports
Space Frame Supports
CONNECTION
MERO NODE CONNECTION
The Mero connector,
introduced in 1948 by
Dr, Mongeringhausen
SOURCE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7UEQwBPKK8w
• Space frames are assembled by combining and repeating
triangular pyramid modules. During assembly each tube is
connected to a node according to the structural and engineering
drawings. This process can be carried out on the ground in a
predestined location next to the erection site or on scaffolding
directly on to the points of support.
• 3-D load distribution.
• No Bending.
• No Torsion.
• Individual member sizing ensures ideal weight/load bearing capacity.
• Small individual member sizes.
• No heavy beams.
• Member size optimization (big members used in load bearing areas
only).
• Achieves maximum span.
• Lightweight means smaller foundations, cheaper substructures.
• Very Compact in transportation.
• Re-Usable, space frames can be non-permanent structures.
• Durable, no maintenance required.
• Little or no site floor space is necessary.
• No skilled labor required for assembly.
• Simple bolt connection to node.
• No welding.
Element method and Block method
• The element method is the • The block method is the
erection wherein single-unit erection wherein sub-
members are individually assemblies, which are relatively
assembled. large and called blocks, are
initially assembled at the lower
level near the ground.
These elements and blocks are connected together at the designed
position by a crane, using scaffold or temporary supports.
Assembly during erection method
• The area of the structure is covered by scaffolding and assembly is
carried out simultaneously with erection.
• There are two types of scaffolding used for this process:
1.Fixed Scaffolding covering the entire area
2.Movable scaffolding in the form of a tower, changing positions according to
the progress of the job
ELEMENT ERECTION METHOD USING
FULL-SCAFFOLD
ELEMENT ERECTION METHOD
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BLOCK ERECTION METHOD USING BLOCK ERECTION METHOD USING
TEMPORARY SUPPORT TEMPORARY SUPPORT
Assemble and slide method
• Very large space frames, depending on geometrical parameters can
be erect using the assemble and slide method. Scaffolding is
installed on one part of the structure to support sections of
the space frame which are then assembled on the scaffolding and
slid into position. These sections are then connected to their
adjacent parts with the use of a smaller scaffold or lift.
•
SLIDING WITH TEMPORARY CABLES
SLIP METHOD INSTALLATION
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-86u_WSbe8
MOVE-SCAFFOLD METHOD
• Move-scaffold method is the erection for roof structures using the
moveable scaffold, which is normally equipped with a number of
wheels and motors to travel on rails. This erection method can
minimize the amount of scaffold effectively, especially for a large roof
structure.
Assemble and lift-υρ method
• Assembly of the space frame is carried out on the ground and the
structure is then lifted into position with a crane. For large projects
the frame can be assembled and in parts and then connected
during erection.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sokoQLaG76w
LIFT UP WITH TEMPORARY WIRES AND A RING
JACK-UP AND DOWN METHOD
Block method
• Sections of the space frame are assembled on the ground, then
lifted up by a crane and installed in position. Adjacent blocks are
attached by construction workers on suitable scaffolding. The
process is carried on this way until the entire space frame is
assembled and in position.
LIFT UP
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCIkJ-hyYZY
LIFT UP TEMPORARY SUPPORTS
SOURCE: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2IvPhyYc_E
Lift-up method
• Lift-up method is the erection wherein a roof structure is assembled
at lower level and is lifted up to designed level. The assembled
structure is normally lifted up by a number of oil jacks or winches that
are settled on columns or temporary supports to take the reactions.
This method requires a large number of studies, including computer
simulations of the process, as well as the sliding method. Also, the
accuracy of the structure and the proper control of the lift-up method
are necessary. Reinforcement of the structure may be required in
some cases.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9Owxk5nuV0
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