electrolysis
electrolyte moltenoraqueousioniccompounds
electrolysis decompositionof an ionic compound whenmolten or inaqueous state
bythe
passageofelectriccurrent
electrolyticcell
anode cathode
electrodes
currentinexternalcircuit e
currentinelectrolyteions electrolyte
i moltenioniccompounds
eg Nacl
ionspresentinsolution Nat a
cathode cationsmove tocathode
reaction Nat te Na
layerdeposited solid
observations silver
anode anionsmove toanode
reaction 2C Azt2é
Observations paleyellowgreengasevolved
ii aqueousioniccompounds
dilute concentrated
eg potassiumiodide eg potassiumiodide
moreH2othansalt moresalt
they120
Hf KE Hf
cathode lessreactivecation deposited cathode lessreactivecation deposited
Ht lessreactivethankt Ht lessreactivethankt
reaction2H 2e H2 reaction2H 2e Hz
observations countless observations countless
gasevolved fizz evolved fizz
gas
anode anionmoreinabundanegetsdeposited anode anionmoreinabundanegetsdeposited
dilute moreH2o more Ht OH ions conc more KI move kt I_ions
reaction 404 02 2H20 the reaction 2 I Iz t 2é
observations
coloyflegsgas
evolved fizz observations violetgasevolved fizz
indiluteaqueoussolutions afterionsleave thesolution HTOH the solution becomesmore
concentrated as1120leaves rateofreaction bulbgrowsmorebrightly
in concentrated aqueoussolutions sinceHt and I_leave the solution kt andOH_ remain
sincehydroxides are alkali sodiumhydroxide NaOH remains an alkalinesolutionforms
cathodereduction gainof e
anode oxidation loss of e
if metalionsleavethesolution colourofsolutionfades inertelectrodes
electrodes
1 inert
materials
i graphite
ii platinum metal
iii carbon
whyare theseused
inert donotreact
goodconductors of electricity
2 active
onlyanodeinvolved
anode
whichevermetaltheanodeismadeoutgetsoxidised anionfromelectrolytenotinvolved
cathode
competitionbetweenmetalionsofanode andcationsin aqueoussolution
lessreactive ion getsreduced at cathode
e g t aq cuck withcopperelectrodes
anode ca cast ze
anodedissolves losesmass
cathode cut 2e ca
Lessreactivethan H ions
gainsmass pinkcopperlayerforms
e g 2 aq H soy with ironanode coppercathode
anode Fe Felt Zé
cathode 24 2e Hz
hydrogenLessreactivethan iron
morereactivemetalsareanodes givesup e readily
whenactiveelectrodes ofthesame metalas the electrolyteare used the colourof thesolution
doesnotchange
ion isremoved andadded at same rate concentrationofmetalionsdoesnot change
9 whydoescozform at theanode
A oxygenmadeat anode anodemadefromcarbon carbon oxygenreact co2formed
importantobservationsand colours
observations if applicable
effervescence tizz bubbling for allgases
bulblightsup ifbulbincircuit
colours
i gases
oxygen colourless
hydrogen colourless
bromine orange brown brownsolution
iodine deepvioletorindigogas blacksolid
chlorine paleyellowgreen
fluorine green
ii solids
sodium silver
potassium white silver
Lithium white silver
Leadgrey silver
copper pink
note ioniccompounds canonlyconductin molten oraqueousform notsolid Thisis due
to presenceoffree mobileions Insolidstate ions are tightlypacked in a giant ionic
lattice hencedonotconduct
Electroplating
reasons corrosion
prevent
improveappearance
atanodemetalthatiscoating
atcathode coated
substancegetting
Eiff
teYEt t
Ag t e Ag
anode Ag Agt e cathode cut zé 2cu
electrolytehelpsreplenishingsolutionwithions
of
